Helix

A helix (pl: helixes or helices) is a type of smooth space curve, i.e. a curve in three-dimensional space. It has the property that the tangent line at any point makes a constant angle with a fixed line called the axis. Examples of helices are coil springs and the handrails of spiral staircases. A "filled-in" helix – for example, a spiral ramp – is called a helicoid. Helices are important in biology, as the DNA molecule is formed as two intertwined helices, and many proteins have helical substructures, known as alpha helices. The word helix comes from the Greek word ἕλιξ, "twisted, curved".

Types

Helices can be either right-handed or left-handed. With the line of sight along the helix's axis, if a clockwise screwing motion moves the helix away from the observer, then it is called a right-handed helix; if towards the observer, then it is a left-handed helix. Handedness (or chirality) is a property of the helix, not of the perspective: a right-handed helix cannot be turned to look like a left-handed one unless it is viewed in a mirror, and vice versa.

Phelix

Phelix is a high-speed stream cipher with a built-in single-pass message authentication code (MAC) functionality, submitted in 2004 to the eSTREAM contest by Doug Whiting, Bruce Schneier, Stefan Lucks, and Frédéric Muller. The cipher uses only the operations of addition modulo 2³², exclusive or, and rotation by a fixed number of bits. Phelix uses a 256-bit key and a 128-bit nonce, claiming a design strength of 128 bits. Concerns have been raised over the ability to recover the secret key if the cipher is used incorrectly.

Performance

Phelix is optimised for 32-bit platforms. The authors state that it can achieve up to eight cycles per byte on modern x86-based processors.

FPGA Hardware performance figures published in the paper "Review of stream cipher candidates from a low resource hardware perspective" are as follows:

Helix

Phelix is a slightly modified form of an earlier cipher, Helix, published in 2003 by Niels Ferguson, Doug Whiting, Bruce Schneier, John Kelsey, Stefan Lucks, and Tadayoshi Kohno; Phelix adds 128 bits to the internal state.

List of Superman enemies

This is a list of fictional characters from DC Comics who are or have been enemies of Superman. It is notable that several of Superman's enemies are or have been foes of the Justice League of America as well.

Central rogues gallery

In alphabetical order (with issue and date of first appearance):

Foes of lesser renown

In alphabetical order (with issue and date of first appearance):

Group villains

Allies in conflict

Some characters originally conceived as heroes have come into conflict with Superman.

Enemies created for other media

These are Superman villains created in other media, with no appearances in previous comics. Livewire, Mercy Graves, Non and Ursa subsequently made appearances in Superman comic books, and have been integrated into the mainstream continuity of the DC Universe.

Villains from comics in other media

A number of villains from the comic books have made an appearance, or appearances, in Superman related live-action media.

Rock (rapper)

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Jamal Bush (born November 4, 1975), better known by his stage name Rock (or Big Rock, or alternatively The Rockness Monstah), is an American rapper, famous as a member of hip hop collective Boot Camp Clik and the duo Heltah Skeltah along with Sean Price. He is known for his deep, grimy voice and having a sophisticated and rugged flow.

After releasing two albums with Heltah Skeltah, Nocturnal and Magnum Force, Rock left Duck Down Records and pursued a solo career. He signed to DJ Lethal's Lethal Records and recorded a solo album titled Planet Rock, which was never released after the label folded. He didn't make an appearance on the Clik's 2002 group album The Chosen Few, being the only member of the "Great 8" not to appear.

He made his official return to Duck Down in 2005, making appearances on Sean Price's Monkey Barz album and Smif-N-Wessun's Smif 'N' Wessun: Reloaded album. He's performed songs for a variety of video games including "I Am Rock" for Need for Speed: Most Wanted, "This Is Me" for Blitz The League II and "I Am Rock" for NFL Street 2. He and the Boot Camp released their third group album, The Last Stand, on July 18, 2006.

Plymouth Rock chicken

The Plymouth Rock is a breed of domestic chicken from the United States. It originated in New England in the 19th century from cross-breeding of Dominiques and Black Javas.

History

The Plymouth Rock was developed in New England in the early 1800s by crossing Dominiques and Black Javas.. John C. Bennett (1804–1867) has been credited with either creating or popularizing the breed.

Colors

In the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, seven color varieties of the Plymouth Rock are recognized: Barred, Blue, Buff, Columbian, Partridge, Silver-penciled and White. In Australia, the Barred variant is split into two separate colors, Dark Barred and Light Barred. The difference between these colors is highly noticeable, with the bars of white color wider and the grey lighter in the Light Barred than in Dark Barred.

Use

The Plymouth Rock was bred as a dual-purpose fowl, meaning that it was valued both for its meat and the egg-laying ability of the hens. It is a cold-hardy bird. The hens lay brown eggs, and continue laying all through the winter with decreased production.