Axum or
Aksum is a city in northern
Ethiopia.
The town has a population of 56,
500 residents (
2010), and is governed as an urban wäräda.
The original capital of the
Kingdom of Aksum, it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in
Africa. Axum was a naval and trading power that ruled the region from about 400 BC into the
10th century. In
1980 UNESCO added Aksum's archaeological sites to its list of
World Heritage Sites due to their historic value.
Located in the
Mehakelegnaw Zone of the
Tigray Region near the base of the
Adwa mountains, Axum has an elevation of 2,131 metres (6,991 ft). Axum is surrounded by
La'ilay Maychew wäräda.
The major
Aksumite monuments in the town are stelae. These obelisks are around 1,700 years old and have become a
symbol of the
Ethiopian people's identity.[12] The largest number are in the
Northern Stelae
Park, ranging up to the 33-metre-long (3.84 metres wide,
2.35 metres deep, weighing 520 tonnes)
Great Stele, believed to have fallen and broken during construction.
The Obelisk of Axum (24.6 metres high, 2.32 metres wide, 1.36 metres deep, weighing 170 tonnes) was removed by the
Italian army in
1937, and returned to Ethiopia in
2005 and reinstalled July 31, 2008. This stele was already broken into pieces before being shipped. The next tallest is the 24-metre (20.6 metres high above the front baseplate, 2.65 metres wide, 1.18 metres deep, weighing 160 tonnes)
King Ezana's Stele. Three more stelae measure
18.2 metres high, 1.56 metres wide, 0.76 metres deep, weighing 56 tonnes; 15.8 metres high, 2.35 metres wide, 1 metres deep, weighing 75 tonnes; 15.3 metres high, 1.47 metres wide, 0.78 metres deep, weighing 43 tonnes.[14] The stelae are believed to mark graves and would have had cast metal discs affixed to their sides, which are also carved with architectural designs. The Gudit Stelae to the west of town, unlike the northern area, are interspersed with mostly
4th century tombs.
The other major feature of the town are the
Old and New Cathedrals of
St Mary of Zion. The Old St Mary of Zion
Cathedral was built in 1665 by
Emperor Fasilides and said to have previously housed the
Ark of the Covenant. The original cathedral, said to have been built by
Ezana and augmented several times after was believed to have been massive with 12 naves. It was burned to the ground by Gudit, rebuilt, and then destroyed again during the
Gragn wars of the 1500s. It was again rebuilt by Emperor
Gelawdewos (completed by his brother and successor Emperor
Minas) and Emperor Fasilides replaced that structure with the present one. Only males are permitted entry into the
Old St. Mary's Cathedral (some say as a result of the destruction of the original church by Gudit).
The New Cathedral of St. Mary of
Zion stands next to the old one, and was built to fulfill a pledge by
Emperor Haile Selassie to the
Our Lady of Zion for the liberation of Ethiopia from the
Fascist occupation.
Built in a neo-Byzantine style, work on the new cathedral began in
1955, and allows admittance to women. Emperor Haile Selassie interrupted the state visit of
Britain's
Queen Elizabeth II to travel to Axum to attend the dedication of the new Cathedral and pay personal homage, showing the importance of this church in the
Ethiopian Empire.
The Queen visited the Cathedral a few days later. Between the two cathedrals is a small chapel known as
The Chapel of the
Tablet built at the same time as the new cathedral, and which is believed to house the Ark of the Covenant. Emperor Haile Selassie's consort,
Empress Menen, paid for its construction from her private funds. Admittance to the chapel is closed to all but the guardian monk who resides there.
Entrance is even forbidden to the Patriarch of the
Orthodox Church, and to the
Emperor of Ethiopia during the monarchy. The two cathedrals and the chapel of the Ark are the focus of pilgrimage and considered the holiest sites in Ethiopia to members of its Orthodox Church.
Other attractions in Axum include archaeological and ethnographic museums, the
Ezana Stone written in
Sabaean,
Ge'ez and
Ancient Greek in a similar manner to the
Rosetta Stone,
King Bazen's Tomb (a megalith considered to be one of the earliest structures), the so-called
Queen of Sheba's
Bath (actually a reservoir), the
4th-century Ta'akha
Maryam and
6th-century Dungur palaces, the monasteries of
Abba Pentalewon and Abba Liqanos and the
Lioness of Gobedra rock art.Local legend claims the Queen of Sheba lived in the town.
- published: 06 Apr 2015
- views: 1836