Go Joseon Kingdom 2 [18+]

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• published: 04 Jun 2013
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Go Joseon Kingdom -------------------------------- Go Joseon, Ko Joseon, Old Joseon, or Old Chosun was an ancient Korean kingdom. The addition of Go, meaning "ancient," distinguishes it from the more recent Joseon Dynasty. It is said to have been founded in 2333 BC by Dangun Wanggeom. Archaeological evidence of a Gojoseon-era civilization is found in the transition from the Jeulmun pottery to the Mumun pottery around 1500 BC, when groups of semi-sedentary small-scale agriculturalists occupied most of the Korean Peninsula. During its early phase, the capital of Gojoseon was located in Liaoning; around 400 BC, and was moved to Pyongyang, while in the south of the peninsula, the Jin state arose by the 3rd century BC. The territory of Gojoseon was invaded by the Han Dynasty of China during the Gojoseon-Han War in 108 BC, which is said to have led to the collapse of the kingdom into many small states, until the Proto-Three Kingdoms emerged and marked an own period in Korean history. The people of the Gojoseon-territory are referred to in Chinese records as Dongyi "eastern barbarians." Dangun Wanggeom is the legendary founder of Korea. The oldest written record of this founding myth appears in the Samguk Yusa, a 13th-century collection of legends and stories. A similar account is found in Jewang Ungi. The Lord of Heaven Hwanin (a name which also appears in Indian Buddhist texts), had a son Hwanung who yearned to live on the earth among the people. Hwanin relented, and Hwanung descended to Mountain Taebaek with 3,000 helpers, where he founded a city he named Sinsi ("City of God" or "Holy City"). Along with his ministers of clouds, rain, and wind, he instituted laws and moral codes and taught the people various arts, medicine, and agriculture. A tiger and a bear living in a cave prayed to Hwanung that they may become human. Upon hearing their prayers, Hwanung gave them 20 cloves of garlic and a bundle of mugwort, instructing them to eat only this sacred food and remain out of the sunlight for 100 days. The tiger shortly gave up and left the cave, but the bear remained and after 21 days was transformed into a woman. The bear-woman (Ungnyeo) was very grateful and made offerings to Hwanung. She lacked a husband, however, and soon became sad and prayed beneath a Sindansu ("Divine Betula") tree to be blessed with a child. Hwanung, moved by her prayers, took her for his wife and soon she gave birth to a son, Dangun Wanggeom. Gojoseon is said to have been established in 2333 BC?, based on the description of the Dongguk Tonggam (1485). The date differs among historical sources, although all of them put it during the mythical Yao's reign (2357 BC? -- 2256 BC?). Samguk Yusa says Dangun ascended to the throne in the 50th year of the legendary Yao's reign, Sejong Sillok says the first year, and Dongguk Tonggam says the 25th year. Some historians suggested that Gojoseon was founded around 3000 BC. In 195 BC, King Jun appointed a refugee from Yan, Wiman. Wiman later rebelled in 194 BC, and Jun fled to southern Korean Peninsula. This was the formation of Wiman Joseon. In 109 BC, Emperor Wu of Han invaded near the Liao River. A conflict would erupt in 109 BC, when Wiman's grandson King Ugeo refused to permit Jin's ambassadors to reach China through his territories. When Emperor Wei sent an ambassador She He to Wanggeom to negotiate right of passage with King Ugeo, King Ugeo refused and had a general escort him back to the Han territory — but when they got close to Han borders, he assassinated the general and claimed to Emperor Wu that he had defeated Joseon in battle, and Emperor Wu, unaware of his deception, made him the military commander of the Commandery of Liaodong. King Ugeo, offended, made a raid on Liaodong and killed She He. In response, Emperor Wu commissioned a two-pronged attack, one by land and one by sea, against Joseon. The two forces attacking Joseon were unable to coordinate well with each other and eventually suffered large losses. Eventually the commands were merged, and Wanggeom fell in 108 BC. Han took over the Joseon lands and established Four Commanderies of Han in the western part of former Gojoseon area. The Gojoseon disintegrated by 1st century BC as it gradually lost the control of its former fiefs. As Gojoseon lost control of its confederacy, many successor states sprang from its former territory, such as Buyeo, Okjeo, and Dongye. For more information, visit: - http://kyb0417.blogspot.com/search/label/Gojoseon - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojoseon - http://koreanhistory.info/BronzeAgeKorea.htm - http://altaic-wiki.wikispaces.com/history+of+Korea - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Japan - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongshan_culture - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_Korea - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemaek - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tntubp11uJk - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Confederate_States_of_Gojoseon - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Korea