Shah

Shah (Šâh or Şah) (/ˈʃɑː/; Persian: شاه‎‎, [ʃɒːh], "king") is a title given to the emperors/kings and lords of Iran (historically also known as Persia). It was also adopted by the kings of Shirvan (a historical Iranian region in Transcaucasia) namely the Shirvanshahs, the rulers and offspring of the Ottoman Empire (termed there as Şeh), the Bengal Sultanate, as well as in Georgia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. In Iran (Persia and Greater Persia) the title was continuously used; rather than King in the European sense, each Persian ruler regarded himself as the Šâhanšâh (King of Kings) or Emperor of the Persian Empire. The word descends from Old Persian Xšâyathiya "king", which (for reasons of historical phonology) must be a borrowing from Median, and is derived from the same root as Avestan xšaΘra-, "power" and "command", corresponding to Sanskrit (Old Indic) kṣatra- (same meaning), from which kṣatriya-, "warrior", is derived. The full, Old Persian title of the Achaemenid rulers of the First Persian Empire was Xšâyathiya Xšâyathiyânâm or Šâhe Šâhân, "King of Kings" or "Emperor". This word is commonly confused with the unrelated and distinct Indian surname Shah, which is derived from the Sanskrit Sadhu/Sahu (meaning gentleman ).

Shah (surname)

This Indo-Nepalese surname "Shah" is commonly mistaken with the Persian "Shah" meaning "King".

It is derived from Sanskrit Sadhu (meaning gentleman).

The surname like various other Indian surnames was also adopted by various other people. The Shah surname is adopted by the trade communities (The Banias/ Vanias) in Rajasthan and Gujarat states. Banias include the Jains and the Vaishnavas. It was widely used by the Jains even outside of Gujarat and Rajasthan, for example in Delhi/Haryana (see Nattal Sahu), Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh (see Sahu Jain) and Maharashtra.

The Hindi word 'Shahukara' meaning a banker, is derived from Sahu (Sanskrit "Sadhu") and kar (Sanskrit meaning doer). It means different and does not reflect the nature of the surname which means "King".

Shah, a different last name, derived from the Persian word "Shah", is a surname found among the Iranian peoples of Central Asia, Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan.

History

The oldest history dates back to the Shah dynasty of Ancient Nepal. This Indo-Nepalese surname "Shah" is mistakenly is derived from the Persian "Shah" meaning "King".

Shah (disambiguation)

Shah (Old Persian XšāyaΘiya) is the Persian word for "King", mainly used in Iran/Persia.

Shah may also refer to:

Arts & media

People

Geographic places

Other uses

See also

Surrender (1987 film)

Surrender is a 1987 comedy feature film that was written and directed by Jerry Belson. It stars Sally Field, Michael Caine, Steve Guttenberg and Iman.

Plot

Sean Stein is a successful novelist, but after two divorces and a palimony suit, he now believes women only have loved him for his money. At a charity ball where armed thieves order guests to strip, he is bound nude to Daisy Morgan, a commercial artist. He is immediately attracted to her.

Daisy is in a rather rocky relationship with Marty, a whiny, unstable lawyer who is afraid to make a commitment. Sean does not know she already has a well-off boyfriend, but he decides to play a little trick to win her. With the help of his lawyer, Jay Bass, he pretends to be a poor failure to see if Daisy will love him for himself. As their relationship develops, Sean ultimately decides to reveal his true self. But on that very day, Marty persuades Daisy that he is a changed man and that they should live together in his home. Sean is heartbroken.

Surrender (Cash Cash song)

"Surrender" is a song by American electronic trio Cash Cash, featuring uncredited guest vocals from American artist Julia Michaels, and was released on 16 September 2014. It will be included in their yet unnamed upcoming album.

Background and composition

JP Makhlouf, one of the members of Cash Cash, said that "Working on this song brought out a lot of incredible emotions." While the title may refer to the act of giving act, Jean Paul of Cash Cash has stated that "Surrendering is usually seen as something negative or a sign of defeat, but this song shows a different side of things. Sometimes it’s the fight that kills you. Sometimes you don’t even know what you’re fighting for. Sometimes surrendering can set you free!" The track clocks at 3 minutes 28 seconds and features the vocal by Julia Michaels.

"Surrender" was promoted by the group through a Twitter campaign, #SurrenderToCashCash. The group encouraged fans to change their Twitter profile pictures to white flags to mirror the single's cover art. Fans who tweeted the hashtag may be tweeted, followed, or even have their Twitter profile "taken over" by the group.

Surrender (military)

Surrender in military terms is the relinquishment of control over territory, combatants, fortifications, ships, or armament to another power. A surrender may be accomplished peacefully, without fighting; or it may be the result of defeat in battle. A sovereign state may surrender following defeat in a war, usually by signing a peace treaty or capitulation agreement. A battlefield surrender, either by individuals or when ordered by officers, will normally result in those surrendering becoming prisoners of war.

History

A white flag or handkerchief is often taken or intended as a signal of a desire to surrender, although in international law, (also can be a treaty) it simply represents a desire for a parley that may or may not result in a formal surrender. Normally, a surrender will involve the handing over of weapons; in European warfare of earlier centuries, the commanding officer of a surrendering force would specifically offer up his sword to the victorious commander. Individual combatants can indicate a surrender by discarding weapons and raising their hands empty and open above their heads; a surrendering tank commander should point the tank's turret away from opposing combatants. Flags and ensigns are hauled down or furled, and ships' colors are struck or the raising of a white flag to the masts signals a surrender.