Mongolian

Mongolian primarily means "of or pertaining Mongolia", a landlocked country in East and Central Asia that borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west.

Mongolian may also refer to:

See also

Mongolian (Unicode block)

Mongolian is a Unicode block containing characters for dialects of Mongolian, Manchu, and Sibe languages. It is traditionally written in vertical lines Top-Down, right across the page, although the Unicode code charts cite the characters rotated to horizontal orientation.

The block has dozens of variation sequences defined for standardized variants.

Presentation forms

References

Traditional Mongolian alphabet

The traditional or classical Mongolian alphabet, sometimes called Hudum 'traditional' in Oirat in contrast to the Clear script (Todo 'exact'), is the original form of the Mongolian script used to write the Mongolian language. It does not distinguish several vowels (o/u, ö/ü, final a/e) and consonants (t/d, k/g, sometimes ž/y) that were not required for Uyghur, which was the source of the Mongol (or Uyghur-Mongol) script. The result is somewhat comparable to the situation of English, which must represent ten or more vowels with only five letters and uses the digraph th for two distinct sounds. Ambiguity is sometimes prevented by context, as the requirements of vowel harmony and syllable sequence usually indicate the correct sound. Moreover, as there are few words with an exactly identical spelling, actual ambiguities are rare for a reader who knows the orthography.

Letters have different forms depending on their position in a word: initial, medial, or final. In some cases, additional graphic variants are selected for visual harmony with the subsequent character.

Rider

Rider may refer to:

People

Law

Film and TV

Music

Songs

Rider (heraldry)

Rider or horseman is an important symbol in heraldry especially in Eastern Europe. It firstly appeared in the 13th century on the old Russian stamps, coins and seals as a symbolic representation of the ruling knyaz. Since the second half of the 15th century the rider striking a dragon with spear became the coat of arms of Russia especially Moscow along with the double-headed eagle. In the 16th century the shield with the rider were placed on the eagle's chest.

Another type of a rider were Lithunian Pahonia/Vytis which appeared nearly at the same time as the Russian one. But main differences are the absence of a dragon, a sword instead of a spear and the direction of the rider (to the right).

A 13th-century old Russian cachet (stamp) with a rider

A 13th-century old Russian cachet (stamp) with a rider

Coat of arms of Moscow

Coat of arms of Moscow

Coat of arms of Lithuania from a 15th-century book

Coat of arms of Lithuania from a 15th-century book

Coat of arms of Russia in 1577

Rider (imprint)

Rider is a publishing imprint of Ebury Publishing, a Penguin Random House division. The list was started by William Rider & Son in Britain in 1908 when he took over the occult publisher Phillip Wellby. The editorial director of the new list was Ralph Shirley and under his direction, they began to publish titles as varied as the Rider Waite Tarot and Bram Stoker's Dracula.

Today the Rider motto is "New Ideas for New Ways of Living" and books and authors on the list reflects this. There are still books on the paranormal, with authors like Raymond Moody and Colin Fry; and spirituality, with books by the Dalai Lama and Jack Kornfield; but there are also books on current and international affairs by authors as diverse as Nobel Prize-winners Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Shirin Ebadi.

External links

Bibliography