Josiah Willard Gibbs

Thermodynamics and Chemical Dynamics 131C. Lecture 14. The Gibbs Energy.

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Duration: 29:49
Updated: 07 May 2012
views: 2306

UCI Chem 131C Thermodynamics and Chemical Dynamics (Spring 2012) Lec 14. Thermodynamics and Chemical Dynamics -- The Gibbs Energy -- View the complete course: http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/chem_131c_thermodynamics_and_chemical_dynamics.html Instructor: Reginald Penner, Ph.D. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Terms of Use: http://ocw.uci.edu/info. More courses at http://ocw.uci.edu Description: In Chemistry 131C, students will study how to calculate macroscopic chemical properties of systems. This course will build on the microscopic understanding (Chemical Physics) to reinforce and expand your understanding of the basic thermo-chemistry concepts from General Chemistry (Physical Chemistry.) We then go on to study how chemical reaction rates are measured and calculated from molecular properties. Topics covered include: Energy, entropy, and the thermodynamic potentials; Chemical equilibrium; and Chemical kinetics. Thermodynamics and Chemical Dynamics (Chem 131C) is part of OpenChem: http://ocw.uci.edu/openchem/ This video is part of a 27-lecture undergraduate-level course titled "Thermodynamics and Chemical Dynamics" taught at UC Irvine by Professor Reginald M. Penner. Recorded on May 7, 2012. Slide Information 02:15 - Introduction (The Gibbs Energy) 03:30 - ...just one of these guys won Nobel Prize - which one? 07:14 - J. Willard Gibbs (1839 - 1903) 10:44 - ...has its own Facebook page 10:57 - buried in the Grove Street cemetery... 11:10 - Map "...Yale campus" 11:37 - Map II 12:10 - we now know some basic thermodynamics concepts and their statistical... 12:52 - Diagram: The system and the surroundings: Three flavors... 13:39 - Diagram: For an isolated system, the entropy of the system increases during a spontaneous process: 14:13 - Diagram: If the system isn't isolated, then the entropy of both the system... 15:03 - For an isolated system, the entropy of the system increases... 16:26 - (cont) q is a conserved quantity... 17:59 - now multiply by... 26:04 - but in chemistry, T is frequently constant... 28:02 - for any process occurring at const. volume... Required attribution: Penner, Reginald Thermodynamics and Chemical Dynamics 131C (UCI OpenCourseWare: University of California, Irvine), http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/chem_131c_thermodynamics_and_chemical_dynamics.html. [Access date]. License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/deed.en_US).

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Josiah Willard Gibbs

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Duration: 19:33
Updated: 22 Jan 2016
views: 57

Josiah Willard Gibbs Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made important theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics.His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in transforming physical chemistry into a rigorous deductive science. =======Image-Copyright-Info======= Image is in public domain Author-Info: Unknown Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_young_Willard_Gibbs.jpg =======Image-Copyright-Info======== -Video is targeted to blind users Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA image source in video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNk_KdEOfNY

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Using Gibbs Free Energy

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Duration: 7:57
Updated: 14 Jan 2014
views: 94155

059 - Using Gibbs Free Energy In this video Paul Andersen explains how you can use the Gibbs Free Energy equation to determine if a process is spontaneous or not spontaneous. If the ΔG is less than zero the process is spontaneous. If the ΔG is greater than zero the process is not spontaneous. If the ΔG is equal to zero the process is at equilibrium. The ΔH, ΔS, and T are all used to calculate ΔG. Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos: http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/ Music Attribution Title: String Theory Artist: Herman Jolly http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing: "File:Hex ice.GIF." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 29, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hex_ice.GIF. "File:Josiah Willard Gibbs -from MMS-.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 29, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg. "File:ThermiteReaction.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ThermiteReaction.jpg&oldid;=543297076. Gkai. English: Erlenmeyer Flask, May 23, 2010. Own work. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erlenmeyer-flask.svg. Haacken, User: Herbert. English: Instant Cold Pack, March 15, 2012. Own work: Herbert Haacken. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2012-03-15_Ruck-Zuck-Pack_K%C3%A4lte_Katalog_Small.gif. Splettstoesser, Thomas. Hydrogen Bonds in Liquid Water Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Tip3P Water Model with CHARMM Force Field), June 25, 2007. self-made with open source visualization software PyMol. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liquid_water_hydrogen_bond.png.

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Colorisation of a photograph of Josiah Willard Gibbs

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Duration: 0:42
Updated: 11 Dec 2014
views: 176

Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made important theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in transforming physical chemistry into a rigorous deductive science. Together with James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann, he created statistical mechanics (a term that he coined), explaining the laws of thermodynamics as consequences of the statistical properties of large ensembles of particles. Gibbs also worked on the application of Maxwell's equations to problems in physical optics. As a mathematician, he invented modern vector calculus (independently of the British scientist Oliver Heaviside, who carried out similar work during the same period). - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs

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FEBRERO 11. Sérgio Santos Mendes, Sheryl Suzanne Crow & Josiah Willard Gibbs,…

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Duration: 1:10
Updated: 11 Feb 2015
views: 25

www.marionandayapa.com CANAL DE YOUTUBE www.youtube.com/MarioNandayapaWeb FACEBOOK www.facebook.com/MarioNandayapaJr TWITTER @MarioNandayapaJ __________________________________________________ SÉRGIO SANTOS MENDES, SHERYL SUZANNE CROW, JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS & PIETRO ANTONIO CATALDI Sérgio Santos Mendes 11 de Febrero de 1941 Músico Brasileño Sheryl Suzanne Crow 11 de Febrero de 1962 Cantante y Compositora Estadounidense. Josiah Willard Gibbs 11 de Febrero de 1839 – 28 de Abril de 1903 Físico Estadounidense Pietro Antonio Cataldi 15 de Abril de 1548 - 11 de Febrero de 1626 Matemático Italiano

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FEBRUARY 11. Sérgio Santos Mendes, Sheryl Suzanne Crow & Josiah Willard Gibbs,…

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Duration: 1:10
Updated: 11 Feb 2015
views: 30

www.marionandayapa.com YOUTUBE CHANNEL www.youtube.com/MarioNandayapaWeb FACEBOOK www.facebook.com/MarioNandayapaJr TWITTER @MarioNandayapaJ __________________________________________________ SÉRGIO SANTOS MENDES, SHERYL SUZANNE CROW, JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS & PIETRO ANTONIO CATALDI Sérgio Santos Mendes February 11, 1941 Brazilian Musician. Sheryl Suzanne Crow February 11, 1962 American Composer and Singer Josiah Willard Gibbs February 11, 1839 - April 28, 1903 American Physicist Pietro Antonio Cataldi April 15, 1548 – February 11, 1626 Italian Mathematician.

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How to pronounce Josiah Willard Gibbs (American English/US) - PronounceNames.com

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Duration: 0:36
Updated: 27 Jan 2015
views: 244

Audio and video pronunciation of Josiah Willard Gibbs brought to you by Pronounce Names (http://www.PronounceNames.com), a website dedicated to helping people pronounce names correctly. For more information about this name, such as gender, origin, etc., go to http://www.PronounceNames.com/Josiah Willard Gibbs

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Gibbs free energy - Video Learning - WizScience.com

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Duration: 2:15
Updated: 24 Sep 2015
views: 38

In thermodynamics, the "Gibbs free energy" is a thermodynamic potential that measures the "usefulness" or process-initiating work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure . Just as in mechanics, where potential energy is defined as capacity to do work, similarly different potentials have different meanings. The Gibbs free energy is the "maximum" amount of non-expansion work that can be extracted from a thermodynamically closed system ; this maximum can be attained only in a completely reversible process. When a system changes from a well-defined initial state to a well-defined final state, the Gibbs free energy change Δ"P" equals the work exchanged by the system with its surroundings, minus the work of the pressure forces, during a reversible transformation of the system from the initial state to the final state. Gibbs energy is also the chemical potential that is minimized when a system reaches equilibrium at constant pressure and temperature. Its derivative with respect to the reaction coordinate of the system vanishes at the equilibrium point. As such, it is a convenient criterion for the spontaneity of processes with constant pressure and temperature. The Gibbs free energy, originally called "available energy", was developed in the 1870s by the American mathematician Josiah Willard Gibbs. In 1873, Gibbs described this "available energy" as The initial state of the body, according to Gibbs, is supposed to be such that "the body can be made to pass from it to states of dissipated energy by reversible processes." In his 1876 magnum opus "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", a graphical analysis of multi-phase chemical systems, he engaged his thoughts on chemical free energy in full. Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages. SUBSCRIBE TODAY Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Background Music: "The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library. This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs+free+energy, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.

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Gibbs Helmhotz Equation in Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry

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Duration: 9:18
Updated: 17 Feb 2015
views: 558

The Gibbs–Helmholtz equation is a thermodynamic equation used for calculating changes in the Gibbs energy of a system as a function of temperature. It is named after Josiah Willard Gibbs and Hermann von Helmholtz.

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ME4293 LastDay Fall2014

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Duration: 36:59
Updated: 11 Dec 2014
views: 219

kg_CO2 emission per kg_fuel, for different fuels kg_CO2 emission per kJ from different fuels 6:46 Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) 11:45 Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903) 12:29 mini-split air-conditioning system 12:37 dissociation of C2O4 13:52 methane with 80% air 23:26

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A Reactor for Your Future

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Duration: 3:55
Updated: 29 Nov 2010
views: 2103

An informational music video for Chemical Engineering at Yale. Lyrics GIBBS What up? I'm Gibbs, Josiah Willard Gibbs that is. New Haven raised, I went to Yale, And got the first engineering doctorate on a nationwide scale Oh, have you heard of energy? Cause the kind that's free, Yea, that's named after me. Other colleges offered me large stacks of bills, But it is thanks to Yale that I have got mad skills. Because it's... CHORUS Like a reactor for your future, just waiting to explode, Understand the generation to keep the chemistry under control. If it's an engineer you want to be, Yale has got what you need. SILLIMAN Yo, I am Silliman, just like the college, but you can call me Benjamin. Lived in the 19th century when oil was a whole lot closer to free. My dad and I, we revolutionized; used distillation to light our lamps, and make our cars drive. He is also known for meteor geology. Which is random, but I guess that's nifty. Cause Yale is... [CHORUS] HORVATH Hello, my name is Horvath. I'm from Hungary, But Yale was my final path. Though I published hundreds in the science books, I always cared and invested in those science type rooks (rookies). But my passion was biological quotients that refused To vaporize into their separate components. That's why the High Performance Liquid Chromatograph Might have well as just been named Horvath. Cause Yale is... [CHORUS] PROSPECTIVE STUDENT Who knew a campus this beautiful could have a place for engineers That with knowledge was full? But here these greats started their tales, And that's why I chose Yale!!! These days the program is still going strong, With 21 professors to help undergrads along. I'm at the center of groundbreaking research. Every where I look I find inspiration to learn. Yale is at the front of understanding soft matter, And interfacial phenomena are making water sources fatter It could be biofuels or biochemistry, Chem E at Yale is the place for me! Cause Yale's... [CHORUS]

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K-Chem 9.5A: Free Energy

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Duration: 9:19
Updated: 29 Aug 2015
views: 37

Josiah Willard Gibbs developed both a way to quantify the spontaneity of processes, and an epic nineteenth-century beard. This video mostly deals with the former. Thanks for watching! Do you still have questions? Would you like to make a request, or a correction? Leave a comment, send an email (http://mrknuffke.net/contact), or check out the other resources available at http://mrknuffke.net/chemistry All work based on material originally created by Mark Rosengarten: http://markrosengarten.com Image Credits: All images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing, except where otherwise noted. Attribution credit where applicable: “Chemistry - OpenStax CNX.” Accessed August 18, 2015. http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bd2-4908-8563-90b8a7ac8df6/Chemistry.

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Spontaneous Processes

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Duration: 7:43
Updated: 11 Jan 2014
views: 34387

058 - Spontaneous Processes In this video Paul Andersen discriminates between spontaneous (or thermodynamically favored) processes and those that are not spontaneous. A spontaneous process requires no external energy source. If the enthalpy change in a reaction is negative and the entropy is positive a spontaneous process will occur. Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos: http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/ Music Attribution Title: String Theory Artist: Herman Jolly http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing: "File:Brillanten.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, December 18, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Brillanten.jpg&oldid;=404322469. "File:GraphiteUSGOV.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 28, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GraphiteUSGOV.jpg. "File:Hex ice.GIF." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 29, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hex_ice.GIF. "File:Josiah Willard Gibbs -from MMS-.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 29, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg. Gkai. English: Erlenmeyer Flask, May 23, 2010. Own work. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erlenmeyer-flask.svg. Haacken, User: Herbert. English: Instant Cold Pack, March 15, 2012. Own work: Herbert Haacken. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2012-03-15_Ruck-Zuck-Pack_K%C3%A4lte_Katalog_Small.gif. "Reversible Reactions." PhET. Accessed December 28, 2013. http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/reversible-reactions. Splettstoesser, Thomas. Hydrogen Bonds in Liquid Water Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Tip3P Water Model with CHARMM Force Field), June 25, 2007. self-made with open source visualization software PyMol. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liquid_water_hydrogen_bond.png. User:Itub. Diamond and Graphite Samples with Their Respective Structures. The Bottom Right Formation of Carbon Is What Is Known as "Graphene," Characterized by Infinite, Single Atom Sheets of Carbon., March 2007. Self-made derivative work (see below). http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diamond_and_graphite.jpg.

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Chemical Reactions

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Duration: 3:52
Updated: 29 Sep 2015
views: 12

Song: Virtual Riot- Idols (EDM Mashup) Project on famous chemist having to do with chemical reactions Josiah Willard Gibbs Made by William nd Erika

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General Chemistry 1B. Lecture 9. Thermodynamics: Second & Third Law, Part III

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Duration: 72:19
Updated: 07 Mar 2013
views: 3624

UCI Chem 1B General Chemistry (Winter 2013) Lec 09. General Chemistry Thermodynamics: Second & Third Law, Part 3 View the complete course: http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/chem_1b_general_chemistry.html Instructor: Donald R. Blake, Ph.D. Recorded on February 12, 2013. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Terms of Use: http://ocw.uci.edu/info. More courses at http://ocw.uci.edu Description: UCI Chem 1B is the second quarter of General Chemistry and covers the following topics: properties of gases, liquids, solids; changes of state; properties of solutions; stoichiometry; thermochemistry; and thermodynamics. General Chemistry (Chem 1B) is part of OpenChem: http://ocw.uci.edu/collections/open_chemistry.html This video is part of a 17-lecture undergraduate-level course titled "General Chemistry" taught at UC Irvine by Donald R. Blake, Ph.D. Index of Topics: 00:25 - (Title Slide) The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics 01:18 - Spontaneous Processes: Irreversible, Reverse never occurs spontaneously 04:12 - The Second Law of Thermodynamics 04:59 - Josiah Willard Gibbs 05:12 - Entropy of the Universe 05:25 - Gibbs Free Energy 07:26 - Standard Free Energy 21:25 - Gibbs Free Energy (Diagram) 22:07 - Free Energy: Temperature 23:26 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.13 24:13 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.13 (Solution) 25:07 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.14 26:05 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.14 (Solution) 26:19 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.15 28:15 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.15 (Solution) 28:23 - What is ΔG for water at 373 K? 28:38 - What is ΔS for water at 373 K? 31:03 - ΔS (Answer) 32:50 - ΔG at 363 K (Answer) 34:54 - Example 8.10: Calculate the change in entropy of the surroundings when water freezes at... 36:22 - Example 8.10: (Solution) 37:52 - Example 8.11: Is the combustion of magnesium spontaneous at 25 °C under standard conditions given the following information... 39:05 - Example 8.11 (Solution) 40:55 - Example 8.12 46:31 - Example 8.13 52:05 - Example 8.13 (Solution) 52:14 - Example 8.14 53:43 - Example 8.14 (Solution) 57:29 - Example 8.15 (Appendix 2A) 1:00:09 - Appendix 2A 1:01:51 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.20: Which reaction belongs to the plot of ΔG° vs. T? 1:07:20 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.20 (Solution) 1:07:35 - Free Energy and Reactions 1:08:38 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.16 1:10:38 - Chem Quiz Ch. 8.16 (Solution) 1:11:10 - Example 8.16 Required attribution: Blake, Donald R. General Chemistry 1B (UCI OpenCourseWare: University of California, Irvine), http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/chem_1b_general_chemistry.html. [Access date]. License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/deed.en_US).

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The Third Law of Thermodynamics

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Duration: 1:36
Updated: 10 Aug 2015
views: 67

thermodynamics (field of study), physics, thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, laws of thermodynamics (literature subject), energy, second law of thermodynamics, zeroth law of thermodynamics, gibbs free energy, free energy, parallel, interview, speech, year, month, week, today, einstein, nuclear, quantum, science, worlds, lecture, theory, string, hyperspace, mind, impossible, future, of, 2014, kaku, michio, michio kaku (author), conservation, law, first, conservation of energy, free, josiah willard gibbs

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Vector Analysis

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Duration: 3:36
Updated: 22 Jan 2016
views: 3

Vector Analysis Vector Analysis is a textbook by Edwin Bidwell Wilson, first published in 1901 and based on the lectures that Josiah Willard Gibbs had delivered on the subject at Yale University.The book did much to standardize the notation and vocabulary of three-dimensional linear algebra and vector calculus, as used by physicists and mathematicians. -Video is targeted to blind users Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA image source in video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fm5vaa9TDdI

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SCIENCE DISCOVERIES 1800 personal MNEMONICS

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Duration: 0:40
Updated: 13 Feb 2014
views: 436

This is a section of my memory palace, "1800-disk-timeline-yellow-" a virtual mnemonic space i use to store information for each century. I'm developing my memory palace of whole millenium of human history. 1800 Science discovery • 1800 -- Alessandro Volta: discovers electrochemical series and invents the battery • 1802 -- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: teleological evolution • 1805 -- John Dalton: Atomic Theory in (Chemistry) • 1824 -- Carnot: described the Carnot cycle, the idealized heat engine • 1827 -- Georg Ohm: Ohm's law (Electricity) • 1827 -- Amedeo Avogadro: Avogadro's law (Gas law) • 1828 -- Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea, destroying vitalism • 1830 - Nikolai Lobachevsky created Non-Euclidean geometry • 1831 -- Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction • 1833 -- Anselme Payen isolates first enzyme, diastase • 1838 -- Matthias Schleiden: all plants are made of cells • 1838 -- Friedrich Bessel: first successful measure of stellar parallax (to star 61 Cygni) • 1842 -- Christian Doppler: Doppler effect • 1843 -- James Prescott Joule/Helmotz 1847: Law of Conservation of energy (First law thermodynamics), • 1846 -- William Morton: discovery of anesthesia • 1846 -- Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest: discovery of Neptune • 1848 -- Lord Kelvin: absolute zero • 1858 -- Rudolf Virchow: cells can only arise from pre-existing cells • 1859 -- Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace: Theory of evolution by natural selection • 1861 - Louis Pasteur: Germ theory • 1865 -- Gregor Mendel: Mendel's laws of inheritance, basis for genetics • 1865 -- Rudolf Clausius: Definition of Entropy • 1869 -- Dmitri Mendeleev: Periodic table • 1871 -- Lord Rayleigh: Diffuse sky radiation (Rayleigh scattering) sky appears blue • 1873 -- James Clerk Maxwell: Theory of electromagnetism • 1875 -- William Crookes invented the Crookes tube and studied cathode rays • 1876 -- Josiah Willard Gibbs founded chemical thermodynamics, the phase rule • 1877 -- Ludwig Boltzmann: Statistical definition of entropy • 1887 -- Albert Michelson and Edward Morley: lack of evidence for the aether • 1895 -- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers x-rays • 1896 -- Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity • 1897 -- J.J. Thomson discovers the electron in cathode rays • 1898 - J.J. Thomson proposed the Plum pudding model of an atom • 1900 -- Max Planck: Planck's law of black body radiation, basis for quantum theory

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Edwin Bidwell Wilson

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Duration: 0:59
Updated: 22 Jan 2016
views: 2

Edwin Bidwell Wilson Edwin Bidwell Wilson (April 25, 1879 – December 28, 1964) was an American mathematician and polymath.He was the sole protégé of Yale's physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs and was mentor to MIT economist Paul Samuelson. -Video is targeted to blind users Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA image source in video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfsaDyPGqV4

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Aforismi matematici e citazioni matematiche, Che cos'è la matematica?

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Duration: 10:13
Updated: 09 Oct 2012
views: 4959

http://gabrielemartufi.altervista.org "La matematica è un grandioso e vasto paesaggio aperto a tutti gli uomini a cui il pensare arrechi gioia, ma poco adatto a chi non ami la fatica del pensare. Immanuel Lazarus Fuchs" "La matematica è il campo nel quale il pensiero umano ha provato per la prima volta l'indicibile gioia di dominare con la ragione i dati bruti dell'esperienza sensibile. Gaetano Scorza" "Cos'è esattamente la matematica? Molti hanno tentato, ma pochi sono riusciti a definirla; è sempre qualcos'altro. In poche parole la gente sa che riguarda numeri, figure, relazioni, operazioni, le sue procedure formali hanno a che fare con assiomi, dimostrazioni, lemmi, teoremi che non sono cambiati dai tempi di Archimede. Stanislaw Marcin Ulam" "La matematica è l'arte di dare lo stesso nome a cose diverse. Jules Henri Poincaré" "La matematica è la sola metafisica buona. Lord Kelvin (William Thomson)" "La matematica è la scienza che trae conclusioni necessarie. Benjamin Peirce" "La matematica è la scienza di ciò che è chiaro da sé. Carl Jacobi" "La matematica è la più alta e la più precisa espressione del vero. Giuseppe Veronese" "La matematica è una meravigliosa apparecchiatura spirituale fatta per pensare in anticipo tutti i casi possibili. Robert Musil" "Matematica, o matematiche (dal greco insegnamento) significa originariamente disciplina o scienza razionale. Questo significato conferirono alla parola i filosofi della scuola italica, fondata da Pitagora (prima del 500 a.C.) che pose la scienza dei numeri a base di ogni conoscenza della Natura. Federigo Enriques" "La matematica è un linguaggio. Josiah Willard Gibbs" "La matematica è linguaggio [...] più logica. Richard Feynman" "La matematica non è solo un linguaggio, essa aggiunge valore: approfondimento della conoscenza, progettazione di algoritmi efficienti, ricerca di soluzioni ottimali. I modelli matematici se accuratamente sviluppati, possono offrire nuove possibilità per dominare la complessità ed esplorare nuove soluzioni, essi si ottengono spesso via astrazione, l'innovazione richiede flessibilità, la flessibilità richiede astrazione, il linguaggio dell'astrazione è la matematica. Alfio Quarteroni" "La matematica è la porta e la chiave delle scienze. Roger Bacon" "La matematica è la scienza che tratta delle leggi generali alle quali le cose si devono uniformare nella loro essenza. Bernhard Bolzano" "La matematica altro non è che il lato esatto del nostro pensiero. Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer" "La matematica è il solo materiale istruttivo che può essere presentato interamente in modo non dogmatico. Max Dehn" "La matematica è la regina delle scienze, l'aritmetica è a regina della matematica. Carl Friedrich Gauss" "La matematica è la scienza dell'infinito. Hermann Weyl" "La matematica è lo specchio della realtà e della vita. Hugo Dionizy Steinhaus" "La matematica è una scienza dell'immaginazione, del puro intelletto; come la metafisica, che non concerne nessun altro oggetto oltre ciò che è possibile in assoluto. Marin Mersenne" "Geometria ed Aritmetica sono le due ali con le quali l'umano ingegno vola alle perfette notizie delle filosofiche cose. Talete" "La matematica è una scienza nella quale non si sa di cosa si parla e non si sa se le affermazioni che vi si fanno sono vere o false. Bertrand Russell" "La matematica si può considerare come ciò che unisce e si interpone fra l'Uomo e la Natura, fra il mondo esterno e quello interno, fra il pensiero e la percezione. Fröbel" "La matematica per un matematico (almeno per la maggior parte, per quanto ne so) non è soltanto un'attività culturale che noi stessi abbiamo creato, ma ha una sua vita e gran parte di essa si trova in stupefacente armonia con l'universo fisico. Non possiamo comprendere profondamente le leggi che reggono il mondo fisico senza entrare nel mondo della matematica. Roger Penrose" "La scienza della matematica pura, nei suoi moderni sviluppi, è la più originale creazione dello spirito umano. Alfred North Whitehead" "La scienza della matematica offre il più brillante esempio di come la pura ragione possa con successo allargare il suo campo senza l'aiuto dell'esperienza. Immanuel Kant" "L'evoluzione è la legge della vita. Il numero è la legge dell'universo. L'unità è la legge di Dio. Pitagora" "La vita di Dio è matematica; i divini ambasciatori devono essere dei matematici. La matematica pura è una religione. I matematici sono gli unici unti dal Signore. Novalis" "La matematica è più di una forma d'arte. Takakazu Seki"

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History of energy - Video Learning - WizScience.com

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Duration: 3:08
Updated: 29 Sep 2015
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The word "energy" derives from Greek "ἐνέργεια" , which appears for the first time in the work Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle in the 4th century BCE. The concept of energy emerged from the idea of "vis viva" , which Leibniz defined as the product of the mass of an object and its velocity squared; he believed that total "vis viva" was conserved. To account for slowing due to friction, Leibniz claimed that heat consisted of the random motion of the constituent parts of matter — a view shared by Isaac Newton, although it would be more than a century until this was generally accepted. Émilie marquise du Châtelet in her book Institutions de Physique , published in 1740, incorporated the idea of Leibniz with practical observations of Gravesande to show that the "quantity of motion" of a moving object is proportional to its mass and the square of its velocity . In 1802 lectures to the Royal Society, Thomas Young was the first to use the term "energy" in its modern sense, instead of "vis viva". In the 1807 publication of those lectures, he wrote, Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described "kinetic energy" in 1829 in its modern sense, and in 1853, William Rankine coined the term "potential energy." It was argued for some years whether energy was a substance or merely a physical quantity. The development of steam engines required engineers to develop concepts and formulas that would allow them to describe the mechanical and thermal efficiencies of their systems. Engineers such as Sadi Carnot, physicists such as James Prescott Joule, mathematicians such as Émile Clapeyron and Hermann von Helmholtz, and amateurs such as Julius Robert von Mayer all contributed to the notion that the ability to perform certain tasks, called work, was somehow related to the amount of energy in the system. In the 1850s, Glasgow professor of natural philosophy William Thomson and his ally in the engineering science William Rankine began to replace the older language of mechanics with terms such as "actual energy", "kinetic energy", and "potential energy". William Thomson amalgamated all of these laws into the laws of thermodynamics, which aided in the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes using the concept of energy by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs and Walther Nernst. It also led to a mathematical formulation of the concept of entropy by Clausius, and to the introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef Stefan. Rankine, coined the term "potential energy". In 1881, William Thomson stated before an audience that: Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages. SUBSCRIBE TODAY Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Background Music: "The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library. This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History+of+energy, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.

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