The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement

GNU is the only operating system developed specifically to give its users freedom. What is GNU, and what freedom is at stake?

What is GNU?

GNU is an operating system that is free software—that is, it respects users' freedom. The development of GNU made it possible to use a computer without software that would trample your freedom.

We recommend installable versions of GNU (more precisely, GNU/Linux distributions) which are entirely free software. More about GNU below.

What is the Free Software Movement?

The free software movement campaigns to win for the users of computing the freedom that comes from free software. Free software puts its users in control of their own computing. Non-free software puts its users under the power of the software's developer. See the video explanation.

What is Free Software?

Free software means the users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.

Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech”, not as in “free beer”.

More precisely, free software means users of a program have the four essential freedoms:

The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose (freedom 0).
The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).
The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

Developments in technology and network use have made these freedoms even more important now than they were in 1983.

Nowadays the free software movement goes far beyond developing the GNU system. See the Free Software Foundation's web site for more about what we do, and a list of ways you can help.

More about GNU

GNU is a Unix-like operating system. That means it is a collection of many programs: applications, libraries, developer tools, even games. The development of GNU, started in January 1984, is known as the GNU Project. Many of the programs in GNU are released under the auspices of the GNU Project; those we call GNU packages.

The name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” “GNU” is pronounced g'noo, as one syllable, like saying “grew” but replacing the r with n.

The program in a Unix-like system that allocates machine resources and talks to the hardware is called the “kernel”. GNU is typically used with a kernel called Linux. This combination is the GNU/Linux operating system. GNU/Linux is used by millions, though many call it “Linux” by mistake.

GNU's own kernel, The Hurd, was started in 1990 (before Linux was started). Volunteers continue developing the Hurd because it is an interesting technical project.

More information.

Try GNU/Linux!

Planet GNU

Richard Stallman to speak in Nevers, France: This speech by Richard Stallman will be nontechnical, admission is gratis, and the public is encouraged to attend. Speech topic and start time to b... more

Timely delivery of security updates: Yesterday, a new version of OpenSSL was released, addressing several serious vulnerabilities, some of which are nicknamed "DROWN". Like all free software d... more

A short update on GNU General Public License (GPL) compatibility questions: Although the FSF does not hold copyright on either Linux or ZFS, we are receiving many questions about what it all m... more

For more news, see Planet GNU and the list of recent GNU releases.

Inklingreader

GNU InklingReader is a package to support the Wacom Inkling device, including data conversion to various free formats, basic editing features, and an Inkscape plugin. (doc)

Short descriptions for all GNU packages.

Take Action

Support current FSF campaigns.
Defend privacy, and support global copyright reform with LQDN.
Support the efforts on net neutrality in Europe, in the USA and in Canada.
Fight against software patents: worldwide, and Europe.
Watch and share this movie: Patent Absurdity—made possible by FSF associate members like you.
Call on WIPO to change its name and mission.
Students! Claim a refund on your unused Microsoft Windows licences.
Add to the Free Software Directory.
More action items.

Can you contribute to any of these High Priority Projects? Gnash, coreboot, free distributions of GNU/Linux, GNU Octave, drivers for network routers, reversible debugging in GDB, automatic transcription, PowerVR drivers, and also free software replacements for Skype, OpenDWG libraries, and Oracle Forms.

Can you take over an unmaintained GNU package? halifax, metahtml, orgadoc, polyxmass, teximpatient, are all looking for maintainers. Also, these packages are looking for co-maintainers: aspell, gnuae, metaexchange, powerguru. See the package web pages for more information.