1702 -- New Old World: To mark the coronation of Queen Anne, the Governor General of America, Lord Cornbury, opens the New York assembly, on her behalf, dressed as her. We humbly propose this date for the celebration of Transvestite Pride.
Source: [Calendar Riots]


1743 -- Composer George Frideric Handel's oratorio "Messiah" performed at London for the first time, a flop. First presented at a benefit in Dublin on 13 April 1742. Audience response to the London performance is poor; Messiah didn't start to gain popularity until 1750.


1775 -- "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains & slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God. I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!"

— Patrick Henry (who got both)

http://libertyonline.hypermall.com/henry-liberty.html

1809 -- Thomas Holcroft, novelist/dramatist/translator dies in London.


1842 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Congressman Joshua R. Giddings of Ohio is censured by the House of Representatives for introducing resolutions opposing slavery & the coastal slave trade. (The "Gag Rule," first adopted by a South-dominated Congress in 1836, & renewed at the beginning of each session thereafter, pledges every member not to mention the slavery issue on the floor of the House.)


1857 -- Cookery expert Fannie Farmer lives, Boston, Massachusetts. In 1896 she edited The Boston Cooking School Cook Book which went into 21 editions before her death in 1915.


1860 -- France: Andre Girard (known as Max Buhr) (1860-1942) lives. Anarchist militant & trade unionist. See the Anarchist Encyclopedia page,
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/GirardAndre.htm


1865 -- Beginning date of Jules Verne novel The Mysterious Island.


1871 -- France: Communes are proclaimed in Lyon & Marseilles.

"L'indépendance de la commune est le gage d'un contrat dont les clauses librement débattues feront cesser l'antagonisme des classes et assureront l'égalité sociale.(...)

Nous avons combattu, nous avons appris à souffrir pour notre principe égalitaire, nous ne saurions reculer alors que nous pouvons aider à mettre la première pierre de l'édifice social".

— Déclaration de l'Association internationale des travailleurs (A.I.T), 23 mars 1871

[Details / context]

1872 -- US: Decree by Emperor Joshua Norton I (America's Greatest Ruler) that a suspension bridge be built as soon as convenient between Oakland Point & Goat Island, & then on to Frisco.
http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist2/bbridge.html


1881 -- Roger Martin du Gard (1881-1958) lives. French novelist, dramatist, winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Literature.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/dugard.htm


1889 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Harrison opens Oklahoma, stolen former Indian Territory, to white settlement.


1901 -- Philippines: Emilio Aguinaldo, leader of the Filipino rebels is captured.

At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War the US had returned Aguinaldo to the Philippines to direct the native uprisings against the Spanish. In 1899 when the Filipinos learned the US did not intend to give them their independence, Aguinaldo led an armed revolt against US rule. An American force of 70,000 was sent to suppress this "insurrection." The result of US genocidal policy in the Philippines was unsurpassed until Hitler's holocaust against Jews, homosexuals, Gypsies & radicals.

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1981/oct/22/verifying-genocide/

1901 -- France: Pierre Fauvet (b.1859) dies. Militant member of anarchiste groups in Saint-Etienne & organizer of tours in the region for Sébastien Faure.
http://www.ephemanar.net/mai15.html#fauvet


1905 -- England: John Collins, co-founder of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), lives.
http://www.cnduk.org/
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REcollins.htm

1906 -- US: Utopianist Thomas Lake Harris dies, Brocton, New York. Once "America's best-known mystic."

Daily Bleed Patron Saint 2004-2011
Mixed Swedenborgianism & Fourierism in a utopian community for the practice of "spiritual marriage."

"Actually, Haraszthy fathered four sons & two daughters, not an industry. He appears to have died, in 1869 in Nicaragua, in the jaws of a crocodile. & unfortunately, there appears to be nothing left of the vineyards planted in Sonoma County by two utopian societies: the Icarians, who were French proto-communists living in the 1880s near Cloverdale; & the Brotherhood of the New Life, a community of followers of free-thinker & free-lover Thomas Lake Harris, who lived above Santa Rosa beginning in 1892. The Brotherhood's wine label was Fountain Grove, & their winemaker a Japanese nobleman, Baron Kanaye Nagasawa (who must've been the first Asian winemaker in America)."

http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/02.29.96/oldwine-9609.html
http://www.il.proquest.com/...Harris-Thomas-Lake-and-the-Brotherhood-of-the-New-Life-81.shtml

1908 -- Premiere in English of Henrik Ibsen play "The Comedy of Love," NY.



1910 -- Akira Kurosawa (1910-1998) lives, Tokyo. Japanese film director, considered with Kenji Mizoguchi & Yasujiro Ozu among the greatest of Japanese modern film makers. Four of Kurosawa's major works were adaptations of Western literary works, Dostoyevsky's The Idiot, Gorky's The Lower Depths, Shakespeare's MacBeth (adapted into Throne of Blood) & King Lear (reworked as Ran).
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/kuros.htm


1912 -- Werner von Braun, Hitler & America's rocketeer, lives.


1913 -- Jack London writes to Winston Churchill [the novelist, not the disgusting political one], G. B. Shaw, & H.G. Wells to ask what they are paid for their "stuff."
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/jlondon.htm
http://www.parks.sonoma.net/JLStory.html
http://london.sonoma.edu/

1916 -- US: Black activist Marcus Garvey arrives in America, from Jamaica.
http://www.international.ucla.edu/africa/mgpp/


1917 -- Leonard & Virginia Woolf establish the Hogarth Press in the dining room of their house in Richmond, England.

Dada Manifesto issued by Tristan Tzara in Switzerland.

" I destroy the drawers of the brain & those of the social organization."

http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/tzara.html
International Dada Archive,
http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~rmutt/dictionary/1918Manifesto.html
http://ca.search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A0oGkmhiUGtPhg8A9CnqFAx.?p=Dada%20and%20Surrealism&fr;=sfp



1918 -- US: Trial of 101 Wobblies (Industrial Workers of the World; IWW) begins in Chicago, for opposition to World War I; tried for violating the Espionage Act...

... show details

In September 1917 165 IWW leaders were arrested for conspiring to hinder the draft, encourage desertion, & intimidate others in connection with labor disputes...it lasted five months, the longest criminal trial in American history up to that time. John Reed, the Socialist writer just back from reporting on the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (Ten Days That Shook the World), covered the IWW trial for "The Masses" magazine & described the defendants:

"I doubt if ever in history there has been a sight just like them. One hundred & one lumberjacks, harvest hands, miners, editors ... who believe the wealth of the world belongs to him who creates it ... the outdoor men, hard-rock blasters, tree-fellers, wheat-binders, longshoremen, the boys who do the strongwork of the world...."

The jury found them all guilty. The judge sentenced Haywood & 14 others to 20 years in prison; 33 were given 10 years, the rest shorter sentences. They were fined a total of $2,500,000. The IWW was shattered. Haywood jumped bail & fled to revolutionary Russia, where he remained until his death 10 years later.

— A People's History of the United States, by Howard Zinn

See George, Harrison The I.W.W. Trial: Story of the Greatest Trial in Labor's History by One of the Defendants (Chicago: IWW, [1919]) 208 pages.
The great 1918 Chicago IWW frame-up trial, told largely through quotations from the trial transcript. Shows the brilliance of Vanderveer's defense & exposes the emptiness of the government's case. This book was circulated as part of the class war prisoner defense effort.

http://www.iww.org/

1919 -- Italy: Benito Mussolini founds the Fascist Party.

The first "Combat Group" (Fascio di Combattimento) is founded today by 118 assorted war veterans (especially the "Arditi" or shock assault troops); Futurists & ex-Leftists like Mussolini himself, who had "gone nationalist" during the war. Their programme had many "socialistic" & "syndicalistic" elements. At its birth Fascism was thus able to present itself as a radical, revolutionary movement to sweep away the status quo by any means necessary.

Benito Mussolini costituisce il movimento dei Fasci italiani di combattimento durante una riunione in un circolo di piazza San Sepolcro a Milano.

[Source: Crimini e Misfatti]
http://struggle.ws/anarchism/writers/anarcho/anarchism/italianfascism.html

1921 -- Netherlands: War Resisters International (WRI) founded, Bilthoven.
http://www.wri-irg.org/from-off.htm



1921 -- Italy: A bomb explodes at the Teatro Diana in Milan, killing & wounding many. Among those accused are Giuseppe Mariani & Giuseppe Boldrini who get life sentences, & Ettore Aguggini (who died in prison); also implicated are Ugo Fedeli, Pietro Bruzzi, & Francesco Ghezzi (editors of "L’Indivi-dualista").

The work of an individualist anarchist group believed manipulated & set up by the Chief of Police Gasti, the bombing serves as a pretext for a general repression against all anarchists & also serves the interests of the fascists, who attack the offices of the trade unions & leftist organizations. They also destroyed the office of the anarchist paper "Umanita Nova."

http://www.municipio.re.it/manifestazioni/berneri/fedeli.htm

1925 -- US: Tennessee legislature bans teaching of evolution.


1928 -- D. H. Lawrence tells Aldous Huxley Arnold Bennett is "a pig in clover." Exactly three years to this date Bennett — after drinking water in a Paris hotel to prove to companions that it is safe — dies. Virginia Woolf notes in her diary:

"Queer how one regrets the dispersal of anybody ... who had direct contact with life — for he abused me; & yet I rather wished him to go on abusing me; & me abusing him."

http://www.island.org/
http://somaweb.org/

1932 -- US: Norris-LaGuardia Act restricts employer use of federal injunction against unions & bans yellowdog contracts.


1933 -- Germany: Dachau opens for business — the first of many concentration camps in Germany for the destruction of Jews & the undesirables classified 'unfit.'


1942 -- Ama Ata Aidoo (1942-) lives. Ghanaian writer, who has depicted in her works the role of African woman in modern society.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/aidoo.htm


1942 -- Let us remember —

On this day in 1942 the US Government began removing Americans from their homes without benefit of trial, indictment or any other legal anachronisms, & forced them into detention centers hundreds of miles away, in the middle of the desert.

These US citizens were effectively stripped of all possessions & belongings other than those they could carry, were forced to sell or forfeit their businesses & careers, & were stripped of all the Constitutional rights they had been guaranteed at birth. *Despite* this fact, the young men in many of these families marched off to war, to fight & die for the very Government which was imprisoning their families.

The crime of which these American citizens were guilty?

Japanese ancestry.

— Bleedster Flames

1942 -- Guyana: Walter Rodney lives. Guyanese historian, activist, head of Working People's Party, assassinated in 1980.

Daily Bleed Saint June 13, 2003-05
Political revolutionary, historian, martyr.

1944 -- A Real Twist?: Sergeant Nicholas Alkemade, a tail gunner in a Lancaster bomber, bails out of the burning plane at about 18,000 feet, unable to reach his parachute because of the flames. He blacked out during the two-minute fall before landing in a snowdrift in a dense pine forest. He suffered a twisted ankle. (Nazi military intelligence very carefully researched the case, they didn't appreciate finding Allied airmen deep in German territory.)

1946 -- Chile:

(1874- 23 de marzo 1946)

- Muere en Santiago de Chile Alberto Ghiraldo.

One of the most notable intellectuals active in Argentine anarchist circles in the early 20th century was the playwright, poet & journalist Alberto Ghiraldo, joining anarchist circles in 1900, when he took up editing the anarchist literary magazines "Martín Fierro" & "El Sol", as well as editing the daily La Protesta & founder / editor of "Ideas y Figuras".

"No hay país donde el anarquismo...."

1948 -- Hilding Rosenberg opera-oratorio "Joseph & His Brethren" (based on Thomas Mann's novel, the last part only) premiers, Stockholm.


1957 -- US: Army sells off the last of its homing pigeons.

1960 -- American newspaper columnist & radio personality, Franklin P. Adams, who wrote under his initials, F.P.A., dies in New York.

Young Authors

Known as much for his contributors as his contributions. Submissions from young writers like Dorothy Parker, Robert Benchley, Sinclair Lewis, Deems Taylor , Alexander Woollcott, George Kaufman & Morrie Ryskind, to name a few, marked some of their earliest published work. Groucho Marx reflected on F.P.A.'s eminence:

"In those days we all tried to get a piece into his column. When I finally got a little piece in it, just a little one, not more than an inch, I thought I was Shakespeare."

http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/caricatures/fadams.htm
http://www.groucho-marx.com/

1964 -- John Lennon's In His Own Write (1964) is published.

Alternative titles were, among others, The Transistor Negro; Left Hand Left Hand (after Osbert Sitwell's Left Hand Right Hand) & Stop One & Buy Me.

The contract was signed in January 1964 & the book — with 31 pieces of writing & enough drawings — was published three months later on this date. Introduction was by fellow Beatle Paul McCartney & the book designed by Robert Freeman.

By January 1965 In His Own Write had sold nearly 200 000 copies. (Source: John Savage, introduction in Pimlico double edition, 1997).

1964 -- Shirley Ann Grau novel The Keepers of the House is published.

1967 -- US: "Helix," Seattle's first underground newspaper, debuts.

Paul Dorpat & associates publish the first edition of "Helix" & readers quickly snap up the first 1,500 copies of the 12-page, multi-colored "counter culture" tabloid.

"Helix" was part of a rapid rise of "underground newspapers" such as "The Berkeley Barb," San Francisco's "Oracle," & New York's "East Village Other."

In addition to Dorpat, Tom Robbins (Another Roadside Attraction), Gene Johnston, Ray Collins (illustrator), Bleedster Scott White, & Gary Finholt contributed to this first issue.

"Helix" published a total of 125 biweekly & weekly editions before folding June 11, 1970.

See Walt Crowley (a long-time Helix member), Rites of Passage: A Memoir of the Sixties in Seattle (University of Washington, 1995).
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&File;_Id=1990

1967 -- Bolivia: Che Guevara's guerrilla group experiences it's first battle of the Bolivian campaign — the successful ambush of troops at Ñacahuazú.

Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Barrientos appeals to the nation "to join in the fight against the foreign & local anarchists with arms & money from Castro-communists."

http://www.ils.unc.edu/~michm/Che/bio_pt5.html
http://libcom.org/history/guevara-ernesto-che-1928-1967

1968 -- US: A meeting sponsored by MOBE is held near Chicago to debate whether to hold demonstrations at the Convention. In attendence are Dellinger, Davis, Hayden, Hoffman, & Rubin.

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/chicago7.html
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Exhibits/Track16.html#Poster
http://theaction.com/Abbie/

1969 -- US: 30,000 people, including Jackie Gleason, Kate Smith, the Lettermen & Anita Bryant appear at the Rally for Decency in Miami. Announcements publicizing the rally warn "longhairs & weird dressers" won't be let inside. Four days later, Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Richard Nixon — whose administration is rife with crooks, liars, cheats & thieves — sends a letter of congratulation & appreciation to the organizers of the rally.


1969 -- Trial of seven Mohawks for demonstrating on international bridge between US & Canada.



1970 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Nixon declares national emergency, orders 30,000 troops to New York City to break Postal Wildcat Strike.


1970 -- US: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader IBT President Fitzsimmons signs a national labor contract.

100,000 Teamsters in 16 cities wildcatted between March & May to overturn the contract. The ensuing violence in the Middle West & West Coast was extensive, & in Cleveland involved no less than a 30-day blockade of main city thoroughfares & 67 million dollars in damages.

See John Zerzan's "Organized Labor versus 'The Revolt Against Work',"
http://libcom.org/library/organized-labor-versus-revolt-against-work-john-zerzan

1973 -- US: Judge Sirica reveals letter from McCord saying he & others were pressured to plead guilty & commit perjury to avoid implicating others in Watergate.


1973 -- US: John Lennon is ordered to leave the US within 60 days.



1974 -- France: Aristide Lapeyre (1899-1974) dies in Bordeaux. Hairdresser, anarchist, pacifist militant & néo-Malthusian.
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/LapeyreAristide.htm


1980 -- Bill S. Ballinger (1912-1980), aka Frederic Freyer, B.X. Sanborn , dies. American thriller writer, who specialized, from the early 1950's, in a multi-level or divided narration. Received Edgar Allan Poe Award from Mystery Writers of America in 1960 for his TV work.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ballinge.htm

1984 -- New Zealand: One thousand boats demonstrate against arrival of U.S.S. Queenfish, in Auckland.


1987 -- US: Dog race-track owner Jerry Collins donates $1.3 million of the $8 million Oral Roberts needs to keep God from killing him. Dog, of course, is God spelled backasswards.


1994 -- México: PRI Presidential candidate Ernesto Colosio assassinated in Tijuana, Baja, California. Investigations of the assassination suggest probable links to corruption in the highest levels of the PRI, the political party which ruled México since 1910.


1997 -- East Timor: Between two & seven University of East Timor students are killed by Indonesian police while attempting to meet in a hotel with U.N. human rights envoy Jamsheed Marker.
[Details / context]


1999 -- Thomas Harris delivers the manuscript for his novel Hannibal to Delacorte Press.

2000 -- England: Tony Blair's Labour government attempt to shut down Summerhill School is defeated.

"free children..." (help yourself?!)

«"Ouf! It's a game!"»Summerhill school was founded in 1921, by A.S. Neill, a libertarian alternative to the authoritarian regimen of state-controlled schools, & targeted by the government as the most inspected school in the country.

The case went before a special educational tribunal, when four days into the hearing, the government's case collapses, & a settlement is proposed.

The “free children of Summerhill,” by occupying the court & by refusing the State's control of their school (obligatory inspections, courses, etc.), convinces the judge of their right to oppose the injunctions of the State.

The pupils attending today's hearing took over the courtroom & held a school meeting to debate whether to accept the settlement, eventually voting unanimously to do so.

(In 2006 Courtney Love claimed to have been the first ever expulsion from the school.)

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_School

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41X4SR6NEWL._AA280_.jpg

2003 -- Iraq: Fighting begins in earnest.

Meanwhile two missles have hit Iran, an American soldier has tossed grenades into command tents in Kuwait, Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Gen. Tommy Franks adamantly insists "weapons of mass destruction" will be found in Iraq (none found to date — perhaps Iraq would like some of the US surplus?), more Turkish troops have moved into Iraq, & North Korea girds itself for what it believes is a US plan to attack it soon.

Hundreds of thousands of protesters, from Norway to all over the Middle East, continue to vent their opposition to Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Bush's head-long effort to kill former ally Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Saddam Hussein.

2010 -- Germany: Four pensioners aged 61 to 80 are found guilty of kidnapping their own financial adviser from his home & driving him 450km (280 miles) to Bavaria. The defendants argued that they had invited Mr. Amburn for a short holiday in upper Bavaria.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8583222.stm

To launch a manifesto you have to want: A. B. & C., & fulminate against 1, 2, & 3,...

...& maintain that novelty resembles life in the same way as the latest apparition of a harlot proves the essence of God. His existence had already been proved by the accordion, the landscape & soft words.

Everyone does it [imposes one's A.B. & C.] in the form of a crystalbluff-madonna, or a monetary system, or pharmaceutical preparations, a naked leg being the invitation to an ardent & sterile Spring.

...the love of novelty is a pleasant sort of cross....impulsive & vibrant to crucify boredom.

— dADA Manifesto, 1918

4500 --

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