Nutritional diseases are
diseases in humans that are directly or indirectly caused by a lack of
essential nutrients in the diet. Nutritional diseases are commonly associated with chronic
malnutrition. Additionally, conditions such as
obesity from overeating can also cause, or contribute to, serious health problems. Excessive intake of some nutrients can cause acute poisoning.
Overnutrition
Metabolic
Obesity is caused by consuming too many
calories compared to the amount of
exercise the body is performing, causing a distorted
energy balance. It can lead to diseases such as
cardiovascular disease and
diabetes. Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, is increased to a point where it is associated with certain health conditions or increased mortality.
The low-cost food that is generally affordable to the poor in affluent nations is low in nutritional value and high in fats, sugars and additives. In rich countries, therefore, obesity is oftentimes a sign of poverty and malnutrition while in poorer countries obesity is more associated with wealth and good nutrition. Other non-nutritional causes for unhealthy obesity included: sleep deprivation, stress, lack of exercise, and heredity.
Acute overeating can also be a symptom of an eating disorder.
Goitrogenic foods can cause goitres by interfering with iodine uptake.
Vitamins and micronutrients
Vitamin poisoning is the condition of overly high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to toxic symptoms. The medical names of the different conditions are derived from the vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called "
hypervitaminosis A".
Iron overload disorders are diseases caused by the overaccumulation of iron in the body. Organs commonly affected are the liver, heart and endocrine glands.
Deficiencies
for nutritional deficiencies per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002. Nutritional deficiencies included:
protein-energy malnutrition,
iodine deficiency,
vitamin A deficiency, and
iron deficiency anaemia.]]
Proteins/fats/carbohydrates
Protein-energy malnutrition
* Kwashiorkor
* Marasmus
Mental retardation
Dietary vitamins and minerals
Calcium
* Osteoporosis
* Rickets
* Tetany
Iodine deficiency
* Goiter
Selenium deficiency
* Keshan disease
Iron deficiency
* Iron deficiency anemia
Zinc
* Growth retardation
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
* Beriberi
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
* Pellagra
Vitamin C
* Scurvy
Vitamin D
* Osteoporosis
* Rickets
Complex disorders
In some cases, eating too much of one thing can induce an apparent deficiency of something else. A common example occurs when
livestock eat
locoweed: locoweed contains a toxin that inhibits enzymes, simulating a deficiency of the enzymes.
Foot notes
See also
Avitaminosis
Malnutrition
Essential nutrient
List of ICD-10 codes (E54-E64) -- detailed taxonomy
Obesity
Osteoporosis
Category:Dietetics
Category:Malnutrition
Category:Lists of diseases