- published: 24 Mar 2016
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A penny is a coin (pl. pennies) or a type of currency (pl. pence) used in several English-speaking countries. It is often the smallest denomination within a currency system.
Old English versions of the word penny are penig, pening, penning and pending; the word appears in German as Pfennig, in Dutch and Swedish (often shortened to peng) as penning, and in West Frisian as peinje or penje. In Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish, the most common words for money are pengar, penger and penge respectively. These words are thought by some to have common roots with the English word "pawn", German Pfand, and Dutch pand, words which mean "a pledge or token".
The silver penny of medieval Europe was modeled on similar small silver coins from antiquity: the Greek drachma and Roman Denarius. There are also archeology exibitions that show traces of pennies in Sweden and Norway. Researchers believe that this might be the result of Viking influence in northern Europe.[citation needed]
When Britain was under Roman rule, most of Britain used the coin-based monetary system that was used by the Roman Empire, but their system of coinage soon changed after the Romans left. As the invading Anglo-Saxons began to settle and establish their own kingdoms, some started to make gold coins based on the old Roman designs or designs copied from the coins used in the Frankish kingdoms. Their monetary system had several serious flaws: first, gold was so valuable, that even the smallest coins were very valuable, thus, these gold coins would only be used in large transactions. Further, gold was very rare, and this rarity prevented such coins from being common enough to use for even large transactions.
Actors: J. Anthony McCarthy (actor), Freddie De Grate (actor), Rachel Ann Mullins (actress), Andy Garza (actor), Kymedienne Jackson (actress), Julia Eringer (actress), Benjamin Sadipe (actor), Reza Ghassemi (editor), Reza Ghassemi (actor), Kristin Peterson (actress), Reza Ghassemi (producer), Reza Ghassemi (writer), Reza Ghassemi (director), Alain Vo (actor), William Campbell (actor),
Genres: Crime, Drama, Thriller,Actors: Jonathan Lee Jones (actor), Joe Hughes (director), Joe Hughes (producer), Joe Hughes (writer), Semih Ozkoseoglu (editor), Semih Ozkoseoglu (director), Julianne Cannon (actor), Kris Frostad (miscellaneous crew), Amelia Cuninghame (actor), John Todd (miscellaneous crew), Dan James (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Drama, Short, Thriller,Actors: Pete Lutz (producer), Pete Lutz (director), Pete Lutz (editor), Lara Lustig (actor), Lara Lustig (miscellaneous crew), Jon Reid (composer), Aggeliki Alimonos (miscellaneous crew), Melody Joy (miscellaneous crew), Aggeliki Alimonos (actor), Pierce Edens (actor), Melody Joy (actor), Jon Reid (actor), Sue Smith (producer), Sean Donnelly (composer),
Genres: Comedy, Musical, Short,Actors: Tony Devon (actor), Carmela Jumellois (costume designer), Garrett Kelly (director), Wilson Cobb (editor), Garrett Kelly (writer), William Bourque (producer), Neville Connors (actor), Billie Kennedy (actor), Richard A. Costello (composer), Stephen Donner (producer), Brad Faure (producer), Keith Easter (actor), Irene Lincoln (actress), David Rossett (actor), Isabelle Rosellini (actress),
Genres: Comedy, Drama,Actors: Ryan Turner (producer), Ryan Turner (editor), Ryan Turner (director), Ryan Turner (writer), Leo Kaliski (composer), Kyle Thompson (miscellaneous crew), Shane Spalione (actor), Peter Ettinger (actor), Jackie Lee (producer), Kathleen Payton (actress), Sean Gavin (miscellaneous crew), Cosmo Nims (composer), Jules Dominguez (actor), Karen Chimal (actor),
Genres: Horror, Short, Thriller,Actors: Daisy Gili (producer), Gordon Sterne (actor), Anna MacDonald (producer), Michael Cheung (producer), Debora Setnik (director), Nihar Saqib (writer), Bradford Yates (editor), Jacob O'Ceallaigh (actor), Jessica Adair (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Drama, Short,Actors: Terrence Howard (actor), Siddhartha Barnhoorn (composer), Robert Malone (editor), Dan Clifton (director), Dan Clifton (producer), Dan Clifton (editor), Dan Clifton (actor), Dan Clifton (writer), Joseph Zentil (producer), Evander Duck (actor), David Brooks (producer), Marymichael D'Onofrio (producer), Ralph Archbold (actor), Gian Colombo (actor), Gian Colombo (producer),
Plot: Johnny Red always wanted to be a scientist and work for NASA when he grew up. After several academic mishaps, Johnny is stuck in his suburban Pennsylvania town. When all other means of impressing the local community fail, Johnny decides to build a functioning time machine. Instead of using correct science, Johnny decides to base all of his research on action-adventure films of the 1980s and 90s. Only his girlfriend Penny and a five-year old neighbor believe in him. Johnny is humiliated on the news and discouraged by his old physics professor Howard Lorington. Lorington doesn't want Johnny to fail, he simply wants him to use real science instead of science-fiction. After Penny helps Johnny to see the error in his ways, he goes back to the professor to get the right scientific information. Working through the night, Johnny applies what he has learned from Lorington and is ready to launch the next day. He is greeted by hundreds of local residents who have come out to see their new hero.
Genres: Adventure, Short,Actors: Kathryn Worth (actress), Brandon A Gibbs (editor), Brandon A Gibbs (producer), Brandon A Gibbs (composer), Catherine Radbourne (director), Catherine Radbourne (writer), Catherine Nix-Collins (actress), Rebecca Crowther (actress), Kellie Carter (actor), Kate Dion-Richard (actress),
Plot: Jenny has lost a precious family heirloom that she wants to pass on to her daughter before her wedding day, but time is running out. She must also battle with her daughter's indifference and the urge to be overwhelmed by painful memories to triumph despite it all.
Keywords: christian, womenActors: Erville Alderson (actor), Harry A. Bailey (actor), Matthew 'Stymie' Beard (actor), Don Beddoe (actor), Clem Bevans (actor), Stanley Brown (actor), Tommy Bupp (actor), Jack Chefe (actor), James Craig (actor), Joe Cunningham (actor), Dick Curtis (actor), Jack Daley (actor), Joe Devlin (actor), Richard Fiske (actor), Gus Glassmire (actor),
Genres: Drama,Actors: Charley Grapewin (actor), Budd Fine (actor), Ernie Alexander (actor), Sidney Bracey (actor), Lester Dorr (actor), Charles Arnt (actor), Bruce Cabot (actor), Wade Boteler (actor), Joseph Calleia (actor), Jack Cheatham (actor), James Conaty (actor), Don Brodie (actor), Jack Daley (actor), Sayre Dearing (actor), Jonathan Hale (actor),
Plot: Members of a wealthy family start getting threatening letters, and it's not long before the threats turn into reality and family members start getting bumped off. The family lawyer is a former newspaper reporter, and since the family patriarch owns a newspaper, the lawyer uses his investigative experience and the newspaper's resources to dig into the family history to see if he can uncover the person behind the killings. The evidence he unearths seems to point to one person--his girlfriend.
Keywords: attempted-suicide, automobile-accident, based-on-novel, death-threat, doctor, drunkenness, editor, falling-from-height, fire, fired-from-the-job