Vietnam War part 1:Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Vietnam war documentary)
Vietnam war Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Vietnam War part 1:Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Vietnam war documentary)
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The Vietnam War (
Vietnamese:
Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the
Second Indochina War and also known in
Vietnam as
Resistance War Against America (Vietnamese: Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the
American War, was a
Cold War-era proxy war that occurred in Vietnam,
Laos, and
Cambodia from
1 November 1955 to the fall of
Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the
First Indochina War (
1946–54) and was fought between
North Vietnam—supported by the
Soviet Union,
China and other communist allies—and the government of
South Vietnam—supported by the
United States and other anti-communist allies. The
Viet Cong (also known as the
National Liberation Front, or
NLF), a
South Vietnamese communist common front aided by the
North, fought a guerrilla war against anti-communist forces in the region.
The People's
Army of Vietnam (also known as the
North Vietnamese Army) engaged in a more conventional war, at times committing large units to battle.
The Battle of
Dien Bien Phu was the decisive engagement in the first
Indochina War (1946–54). After
French forces occupied the Dien Bien Phu valley in late
1953, Viet Minh commander
Vo Nguyen Giap amassed troops and placed heavy artillery in caves of the mountains overlooking the
French camp. Boosted by
Chinese aid,
Giap mounted assaults on the opposition’s strong points beginning in March
1954, eliminating use of the French airfield. Viet Minh forces overran the base in early May, prompting the
French government to seek an end to the fighting with the signing of the
Geneva Accords of 1954.Vietnam war documentary
The battle that settled the fate of
French Indochina was initiated in November 1953, when Viet Minh forces at Chinese insistence moved to attack
Lai Chau, the capital of the
T’ai Federation (in Upper Tonkin), which was loyal to the French. As
Peking had hoped, the French commander in chief in Indochina,
General Henri Navarre, came out to defend his allies because he believed the T’ai “maquis” formed a significant threat in the Viet Minh “rear” (the T’ai supplied the French with opium that was sold to finance French special operations) and wanted to prevent a Viet Minh sweep into Laos. Because he considered Lai Chau impossible to defend, on
November 20,
Navarre launched
Operation Castor with a paratroop drop on the broad valley of Dien Bien Phu, which was rapidly transformed into a defensive perimeter of eight strong points organized around an airstrip. When, in December 1953, the T’ais attempted to march out of Lai Chau for Dien Bien Phu, they were badly mauled by Viet Minh forces.Vietnam war documentary
Viet Minh commander Vo Nguyen Giap,with considerable Chinese aide, massed troops and placed heavy artillery in caves in the mountains overlooking the French camp. On March 13, 1954, Giap launched a massive assault on strong
point Beatrice, which fell in a matter of hours.
Strong points
Gabrielle and Anne-Marie were overrun during the next two days, which denied the French use of the airfield, the key to the
French defense.
Reduced to airdrops for supplies and reinforcement, unable to evacuate their wounded, under constant artillery bombardment, and at the extreme limit of air range, the French camp’s morale began to fray. As the monsoons transformed the camp from a dust bowl into a morass of mud, an increasing number of soldiers–almost four thousand by the end of the siege in May–deserted to caves along the Nam
Yum River, which traversed the camp; they emerged only to seize supplies dropped for the defenders.
The “Rats of Nam Yum” became POWs when the garrison surrendered on May 7.Vietnam war documentary
Despite these early successes, Giap’s offensives sputtered out before the tenacious resistance of
French paratroops and legionnaires. On April 6, horrific losses and low morale among the attackers caused Giap to suspend his offensives. Some of his commanders, fearing
U.S. air intervention, began to speak of withdrawal.
Again, the Chinese, in search of a spectacular victory to carry to the
Geneva talks scheduled for the summer, intervened to stiffen Viet Minh resolve: reinforcements were brought in, as were Katyusha multitube rocket launchers, while
Chinese military engineers retrained the Viet Minh in siege tactics. When Giap resumed his attacks, human wave assaults were abandoned in favor of siege techniques that pushed forward webs of trenches to isolate French strong points. Vietnam war documentary