- published: 29 Oct 2013
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ʾĀlep is the reconstructed name of the first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, continued in descended Semitic alphabets as Phoenician Aleph , Syriac 'Ālaph ܐ, Hebrew Aleph א, and Arabic ʾAlif ا.
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Alpha (Α), being re-interpreted to express not the glottal consonant but the accompanying vowel, and hence the Latin A and Cyrillic А.
The aleph is in Unicode at U+05D0 א hebrew letter alef (HTML: א
).
In phonetics, aleph (English pronunciation: /ˈɑːlɪf/) originally represented the glottal stop ([ʔ]), usually transliterated as U+02BE ʾ modifier letter right half ring (HTML: ʾ
), based on the Greek spiritus lenis ʼ. For example, in the transliteration of the letter name itself, ʾāleph.
The name aleph is derived from the West Semitic word for "ox", and the shape of the letter derives from a Proto-Sinaitic glyph based on a hieroglyph
which depicts an ox's head.
In Modern Standard Arabic, there is a word أليف /ʔaliːf/ which literally means "tamed" or "coy", derived from the root |ʔ-l-f| from which the past tense verb آلَفَ /ʔaːlafa/ means to "to coy". This has sometimes been connected with the name of alif in folk etymology.[citation needed] In modern Hebrew, the same root t |ʔ-l-f| (alef-lamed-pe) gives "me'ulaf", the passive participle of the verb "le'alef", and means trained (when referring to pets) or tamed (when referring to wild animals); the IDF rank of Aluf, taken from an Edomite title of nobility, is also cognate.[clarification needed]
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