- published: 24 Feb 2015
- views: 16
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Gundishapur, , Jund-e Shapur, (means Army of Shapour), Pahlavi.
Founded in 271 CE by the Sassanid king Shapur I, Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital, and also comprised a library and an center of higher learning. It has been identified with extensive ruins south of Shahabad, a village 14 km south-east of Dezful, to the road for Shush, in the present-day province of Khuzestan, southwest Iran.
Gundeshapur was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Jondi Shapour during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid Empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology, and science. It has been a center for training scientists for centuries. Iranian, Greek, Indian, and Roman scientists conducted studies and scientific research there. The faculty was versed not only in the Zoroastrian and Persian traditions, but in Greek and Indian learning as well. According to The Cambridge History of Iran, it was the most important medical center of the ancient world during the 6th and 7th centuries. Will Durant has lauded the Iranian civilization for having built such an academy. Einstein has praised his disciple, Professor Hesaby, for having belonged to a country where an academy had been built 1,700 years ago.
Compare Iran with Arabia
It could be said that Arabia as the birthplace of Islam was a poverty stricken, dry and deprived region whereas Iran or at least some parts of Iran were populated, flourishing and affluent. Incidentally, the areas of the great Iranian plateau which were contiguous to Arabia were all green and included the western slopes of the Zagross mountain range and parts of Lorestan, Bakhtaran, Hamadan and present Kurdestan, as well as part of Mesopotamia along the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates, all of which are green and full of palm groves, so that in those times the Arabs called these lands the Black Land's. This was so because as of the dry, sandy deserts came to this part, they would notice a dark horizon which in fact was the palm groves and other trees, whereas in their own dwelling places there were only old trees in the rarely found oases.
The practice and study of medicine in Persia has a long and prolific history. The Iranian academic centers like Jundishapur University (3rd century AD) were a breeding ground for the union among great scientists from different civilizations. These centers successfully followed their predecessors' theories and greatly extended their scientific research through history.
Thousand years before Islam, Iranian medical remedies using modern scientific methods. These studies raised the possibility of revival of traditional treatments on the basis of evidence-based medicine.
Of all the healers O Spitama Zarathustra, namely those who heal with the knife, with herbs, and with sacred incantations, the last one is the most potent as he heals from the very source of diseases.
—Ardibesht Yasht
Avesta mentions several notable physicians, the most notable of Persia's ancient physicians were to emerge later on, namely: Mani, Roozbeh, and Bozorgmehr.
The first teaching hospital where medical students methodically practiced on patients under the supervision of physicians was the Academy of Gundishapur in the Persian Empire. Some experts go so far as to claim that: "to a very large extent, the credit for the whole hospital system must be given to Persia"
Such a biased article. Ancient Persia was never a scientifically important region. Not untill Islam came, and some of the greatest (muslim) scholars emerged from Persia: Ibn Sina, Alghazali, etc. Islam interruupted nothing.
The Iranian science was interrupted by the Arab invasion (630 A.D.). Many schools, universities and libraries were destroyed, books were burned and scholars killed. Iranian scientists carried on and the science of Persia resurfaced during the Islamic period. To save the books from the Arab carnage, many Pahlavi scripts were translated into the Arabic, and Iran produced physicians and scientists as Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi and mathematicians as Kharazmi and Omar Khayyám. They collected and systematically expanded the Greek, Indian, and Persian ancient medical heritage and made further discoveries.
One of the main roles played by medieval Iranian scholars in the scientific field was the conservation, consolidation, coordination and development of ideas and knowledge in ancient civilizations. Some Iranian Hakim (practitioners) such as Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi, known to the West as Rhazes, and Ibn Sina, better known as Avicenna, were not only responsible for accumulating all the existing information on medicine of the time, but adding to this knowledge by their own astute observations, experimentation and skills.
- published: 03 Jul 2012
- views: 2998
Mani believed no 1) Divine revelation always the same but the people who believe them over time corrupt it.
2)Good only exist in spiritual world not in the physical world thus it is better to stop producing children.
3)They only eat light fruits and vegetable and dark fruits and vegetable present darkness
Mani was killed by putting heavy chain above of him and his bone was broken and his follower escaped in Central Asia and lived in Oasis settlement close to Tarim Basin
- published: 21 Mar 2014
- views: 381
The prolonged Byzantine-Persian wars, as well as social conflict within the Empire opened the way for an Arab invasion of Iran in the 7th century. Gundeshapur was the most important medical centre of the ancient world at the time of the Islamic conquest. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran later came under the rule of their successors the Arab Ummayad and Arab Abbasid Caliphates. The process of conversion of Iranians to Islam which followed was prolonged and gradual. Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later Ummayad Caliphates Iranians, both Muslim (mawali) and non-Muslim (Dhimmi), were discriminated against, being excluded from government and military, and having to pay a special tax. In 750 the Abbasids succeeded in overthrowing the Ummayad Caliphate, mainly due to the support from dissatisfied Iranian mawali. The mawali formed the majority of the rebel army, which was led by the Iranian general Abu Muslim. After two centuries of Arab rule semi-independent and independent Iranian kingdoms (such as the Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids and Buyids) began to appear on the fringes of the declining Abbasid Caliphate. By the Samanid era in the 9th and 10th centuries Iran's efforts to regain its independence had been well solidified.
The arrival of the Abbasid Caliphs saw a revival of Persian culture and influence, and a move away from Arabic culture. The role of the old Arab aristocracy was slowly replaced by a Persian bureaucracy.
The blossoming Persian literature, philosophy, medicine, and art became major elements in the forming of a Muslim civilization during the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak in the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Persia was the main theatre of scientific activity. After the 10th century, Persian, alongside Arabic, was used for scientific, philosophical, historical, mathematical, musical, and medical works, as important Iranian writers such as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb al-Din Shirazi, Naser Khusraw and Biruni made contributions to Persian scientific writing.
The cultural revival that began in the Abbasid period led to a resurfacing of Iranian national identity, and so earlier attempts of Arabization never succeeded in Iran. The Iranian Shuubiyah movement became a catalyst for Iranians to regain their independence in their relations with the Arab invaders. The most notable effect of the movement was the continuation of the Persian language attested to the epic poet Ferdowsi, now regarded as the most important figure in Persian literature.
The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as slave-warriors (Mamluks), replacing Persian and Arab elements within the army. As a result the Mamluks gained significant political power. In 999, large parts of Iran came briefly under the rule of the Ghaznavid dynasty, whose rulers were of Mamluk Turk origin, and longer subsequently under the Turkish Seljuk and Khwarezmian Empires. These Turks had been fully Persianised and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership.
The result of the adoption and patronage of Persian culture by Turkish rulers was the development of a distinct Turko-Persian tradition.
In 1219–21 the Khwarezmian Empire suffered a devastating invasion by Genghis Khan's Mongol army. According to Steven R. Ward, "Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau, possibly 10 to 15 million people. Some historians have estimated that Iran's population did not again reach its pre-Mongol levels until the mid-20th century." Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256 Hulagu Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, established the Ilkhanate dynasty in Iran. In 1370 yet another conqueror, Timur, commonly known as Tamerlane in the West, followed Hulagu's example, establishing the Timurid Dynasty which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. Hulagu, Timur and their successors soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Persians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Persian.
- published: 10 May 2015
- views: 152
Alt tyder på at kurdisk-syriske Mani Hussaini (26) blir Eskil Pedersens etterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorganisasjon. Mani (på farsi: مانی, født ca. 216, død 276) var en religionsleder og grunnla manikeismen, en gnostisk religion. Han ble født i Ktesifon Mesopotamia (nå Irak). Hans foreldre var av parthisk og armensk opphav, og visstnok av fyrsteslekt.
Mani var født inn i den jødisk-kristne døpersekten elkesaittene, men brøt med denne. Han hevdet å ha mottatt flere åpenbaringer fra han var tolv år. Da han var 24, stod han frem og forkynte sin lære om kontrasten mellom den guddommelige lysverden og det demoniske mørket. I Persia fremholdt han sin lære for sasaniderkongen Sjahpur I. Han fikk tillatelse til å forkynne sin lære over hele landet. Senere, under kong Bahram I, endret forholdene seg. Han ble forfulgt og til sist satt i fengsel, hvor han også døde. Religionen vant imidlertid innpass og spredde seg til andre steder i Asia.
Mani skrev selv syv tekster, som ble regnet som manikeismens kanoniske bøker, men som i vår tid bare er kjent i små bruddstykker. De syv er Evangeliet, Skatten, Fortellingen, Mysteriene, Kjempene, Brev og Salmer og bønner. Disse syv er skrevet på syrisk; i tillegg skrev han Sjabuhragan på mellompersisk og en billedbok kjent under navnet Bildet.[1] I tillegg er noen av hans tekster kjent fra kristne teologers gjendrivelser av Manis lære, slik som det omfattende lærebrevet Brevet om det grunnleggende (Epistulam Fundamenti), som Augustin viet et helt motskrift til: Contra Epistulam Fundamenti; det er uvisst om Epistulam Fundamenti var en del av samlingen av Manis Brev. De opprinnelige skriftene hans har gått tapt, men deler av dem er funnet i 1929 i koptiske manuskripter fra Egypt, og senere manikeiske skrifter i Kina.
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28religionsleder%29
Onsdag ble det kjent at 26-åringen Mani Hussaini ble innstilt av valgkomiteen til å bli ny leder av Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking (AUF).
Men det at Hussaini, som kom til Norge som 12-åring, ser litt annerledes ut enn de fleste andre nordmenn har ført til at ...
- Er stolt av mine aner og være norsk
Mani Hussaini, som trolig blir ny AUF-leder, har fått med seg at det har vært skrevet grums på nettet i dag.
- Men jeg er stolt over mine kurdisk-syriske aner, og jeg er også stolt av at jeg føler meg 100 prosent norsk.
http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Mener-valgkomiteen-som-innstilte-Mani-Hussaini-som-AUF-leder-bor-henrettes-7709746.html
Mani Hussaini innstilt som ny AUF-leder
Som tolvåring kom han til Norge fra Syria. Nå er han Mani Hussaini (26) innstilt som ny AUF-leder etter Eskil Pedersen.
Utøya
Hussaini ble trukket med i AUF av en venninne i 2006.
- Min familie kom som politiske flyktninger til Norge, og det har alltid vært politiske samtaler rundt middagsbordet, sier han.
Hussaini var ikke selv til stede på Utøya 22. juli 2011, en dato som fikk definere Eskil Pedersens tid som AUF-leder.
- Eskil var en sterk og samlende leder da AUF var på sitt mest sårbare, sier Hussaini.
Som ny AUF-leder vil han måtte forholde seg til de betente og krevende konfliktene knyttet til gjenoppbyggingen av Utøya.
http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/partier/ap/Mani-Hussaini-innstilt-som-ny-AUF-leder-7708570.html
Mani (in Middle Persian Māni and Syriac Mānī, Greek Μάνης, Latin Manes; also Μανιχαίος, Latin Manichaeus, from Syriac ܡܐܢܝ ܚܝܐ Mānī ḥayyā "Living Mani", c. 216–274 AD), of Iranian origin, was the prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a gnostic religion of Late Antiquity. Mani was born in or near Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Parthian Babylonia (Iraq), at the time still part of the Parthian Empire. Six of his major works were written in Syriac Aramaic, and the seventh, dedicated to the king of the empire, Shapur I, was written in Middle Persian, his native language.[7] He died in Gundeshapur, under the Sassanid Empire.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28prophet%29
Manichaeism. Manichaeism in Modern Persian was a major gnostic religion, originating in Sassanid era Babylonia.
http://www.crystalinks.com/manichaeism.html
The spread of Manichaeism (AD 300– 500).
St. Augustine was once a Manichaean.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaeism
Catharism ("the pure [ones]") was a Christian dualist movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. Cathar beliefs varied between communities because Catharism was initially taught by ascetic priests who had set few guidelines. The Cathars were a direct challenge to the Catholic Church, which denounced its practices and dismissed it outright as "the Church of Satan".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharism
Dale kirke (Dale kyrkje) er en langkirke fra 1200-tallet i Luster kommune, Sogn og Fjordane fylke.
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_kirke_%28Luster%29
- published: 18 Sep 2014
- views: 503
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. It was advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431, influenced by Nestorius' studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch. Nestorius's teachings brought him into conflict with other prominent church leaders, most notably Cyril of Alexandria, who criticized especially his rejection of the title Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. Nestorius and his teachings were eventually condemned as heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451, leading to the Nestorian Schism, in which churches supporting Nestorius broke with the rest of the Christian Church. Following that, many of Nestorius's supporters relocated to the Sasanian Empire, where they affiliated with the local Christian community, known as the Church of the East. Over the next decades the Church of the East became increasingly Nestorian in doctrine, leading to it becoming known alternately as the Nestorian Church.
Nestorianism is a form of dyophysitism, and can be seen as the antithesis to monophysitism, which emerged in reaction to Nestorianism. Where Nestorianism holds that Christ had two loosely united natures, divine and human, monophysitism holds that he had but a single nature, his human nature being absorbed into his divinity. A brief definition of Nestorian Christology can be given as: "Jesus Christ, who is not identical with the Son but personally united with the Son, who lives in him, is one hypostasis and one nature: human." Both Nestorianism and monophysitism were condemned as heretical at the Council of Chalcedon. Monophysitism survived and developed into the Miaphysitism of the modern Oriental Orthodox churches.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 07 Oct 2015
- views: 439
Watch another good video of the same producer on his channel:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX7Kqb21b44
© Pedro Olalla - http://pedroolalla.com
Conferencia audiovisual de Pedro Olalla sobre la importancia del elemento griego en la conformación de la cultura. Pronunciada en la "X Jornada Clásica de Sagunto" (Sagunto, España, 17/11/2012), en un clima marcado por la nueva reforma educativa española, que reduce la presencia de las humanidades y, en especial, el estudio del latín y del griego.
Pedro Olalla's audiovisual conference on the importance of the Greek element in shaping culture. Delivered in the "X Classic Day Sagunto" (Sagunto, Spain, 17/11/2012), in a climate marked by the new Spanish educational reform that reduces the presence of the humanities and in particular the study of Latin and Greek.
To οπτικοακουστικό συνέδριο του Πέδρο Ολάγια με θέμα τη σημασία του ελληνικού στοιχείου στην πολιτιστική διαμόρφωση. Εκφωνήθηκε κατά την «X Classic Day Sagunto» (στο Σαγκούντο της Ισπανίας, στις 17/11/2012 ), μέσα σε ένα κλίμα, το οποίο χαρακτηριζόταν από την νέα ισπανική εκπαιδευτική μεταρρύθμιση, που μειώνει την παρουσία των ανθρωπιστικών επιστημών, και ειδικότερα τη μελέτη των λατινικών και ελληνικών.
Defending the Greeks - http://victorhanson.com/wordpress/?p=5267
(by Bruce Thornton)
GREECE ELLAS ELLADA MACEDONIA MAKEDONIA ALEXANDER PHILIP ALEKSANDROS ALEKSANDAR ΕΛΛΑΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΣ ГРЦИЈА МАКЕДОНИЈА АЛЕКСАНДАР ФИЛИП HISTORY ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ИСТОРИЈА ANCIENT ΑΡΧΑΙΑ АНТИЧКА NAME ΟΝΟΜΑ ИМЕ REPUBLIC ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ РЕПУБЛИКА YUGOSLAV ΓΙΟΥΓΚΟΣΛΑΒ ЈУГОСЛОВЕН TRUTH ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ ВИСТИНА FYROM F.Y.R.O.M. ΠΓΔΜ Π.Γ.Δ.Μ. БЈРМ Б.Ј.Р.М.
- published: 28 Feb 2015
- views: 277
Pastor Mani Erfan concludes this series looking at the last miracle associated with Elisha, when his decomposing bones revived a man who simply touched them. Mark Paez shares his testimony that encourages us that God hasn't stopped bringing the dead to life and that He always keeps His promises.
- published: 10 Jul 2013
- views: 222
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Association of Friends of Persian Culture Conference Chicago 2012
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 1363
Gundeshapur
Coordinates: 32°17′N 48°31′E / 32.283°N 48.517°E / 32.283; 48.517
Gondēshāpūr was the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire and the home of the Academy of Gundishapur.
Founded by Sassanid king Shapur I, Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital, and also comprised a library and a centre of higher learning. It has been identified with extensive ruins south of Shahabad, a village 14 km south-east of Dezful, to the road for Shush, in the present-day province of Khuzestan, southwest Iran. It is not an organised archaeological place as of today, and except of the ruins it is full of remainings like broken ceramics.
Despite the fame, recently, some scholars have called Gundeshapur's overall historical importance, specifically, the existence of its hospital, into question.
Name
The Middle Persian word Gondēšāpūr (or Gundēšāpūr) is a corrupted form. It may be from wandēw Šāpūr, means "acquired by Shapur", or from Gund-dēz-i Shāpūr, means "military fortress of Shapur", or from Weh-Andiyok-Shāpūr, in which Andiyok means "Antioch".
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
http://wn.com/Gundeshapur
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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0:18How to Pronounce Gundeshapur
How to Pronounce GundeshapurHow to Pronounce Gundeshapur
This video shows you how to pronounce Gundeshapur -
6:12Iran, Science in Iran before Islam
Iran, Science in Iran before IslamIran, Science in Iran before Islam
Gundishapur, , Jund-e Shapur, (means Army of Shapour), Pahlavi. Founded in 271 CE by the Sassanid king Shapur I, Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital, and also comprised a library and an center of higher learning. It has been identified with extensive ruins south of Shahabad, a village 14 km south-east of Dezful, to the road for Shush, in the present-day province of Khuzestan, southwest Iran. Gundeshapur was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Jondi Shapour during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid Empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology, and science. It has been a center for training scientists for centuries. Iranian, Greek, Indian, and Roman scientists conducted studies and scientific research there. The faculty was versed not only in the Zoroastrian and Persian traditions, but in Greek and Indian learning as well. According to The Cambridge History of Iran, it was the most important medical center of the ancient world during the 6th and 7th centuries. Will Durant has lauded the Iranian civilization for having built such an academy. Einstein has praised his disciple, Professor Hesaby, for having belonged to a country where an academy had been built 1,700 years ago. Compare Iran with Arabia It could be said that Arabia as the birthplace of Islam was a poverty stricken, dry and deprived region whereas Iran or at least some parts of Iran were populated, flourishing and affluent. Incidentally, the areas of the great Iranian plateau which were contiguous to Arabia were all green and included the western slopes of the Zagross mountain range and parts of Lorestan, Bakhtaran, Hamadan and present Kurdestan, as well as part of Mesopotamia along the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates, all of which are green and full of palm groves, so that in those times the Arabs called these lands the Black Land's. This was so because as of the dry, sandy deserts came to this part, they would notice a dark horizon which in fact was the palm groves and other trees, whereas in their own dwelling places there were only old trees in the rarely found oases. The practice and study of medicine in Persia has a long and prolific history. The Iranian academic centers like Jundishapur University (3rd century AD) were a breeding ground for the union among great scientists from different civilizations. These centers successfully followed their predecessors' theories and greatly extended their scientific research through history. Thousand years before Islam, Iranian medical remedies using modern scientific methods. These studies raised the possibility of revival of traditional treatments on the basis of evidence-based medicine. Of all the healers O Spitama Zarathustra, namely those who heal with the knife, with herbs, and with sacred incantations, the last one is the most potent as he heals from the very source of diseases. —Ardibesht Yasht Avesta mentions several notable physicians, the most notable of Persia's ancient physicians were to emerge later on, namely: Mani, Roozbeh, and Bozorgmehr. The first teaching hospital where medical students methodically practiced on patients under the supervision of physicians was the Academy of Gundishapur in the Persian Empire. Some experts go so far as to claim that: "to a very large extent, the credit for the whole hospital system must be given to Persia" Such a biased article. Ancient Persia was never a scientifically important region. Not untill Islam came, and some of the greatest (muslim) scholars emerged from Persia: Ibn Sina, Alghazali, etc. Islam interruupted nothing. The Iranian science was interrupted by the Arab invasion (630 A.D.). Many schools, universities and libraries were destroyed, books were burned and scholars killed. Iranian scientists carried on and the science of Persia resurfaced during the Islamic period. To save the books from the Arab carnage, many Pahlavi scripts were translated into the Arabic, and Iran produced physicians and scientists as Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi and mathematicians as Kharazmi and Omar Khayyám. They collected and systematically expanded the Greek, Indian, and Persian ancient medical heritage and made further discoveries. One of the main roles played by medieval Iranian scholars in the scientific field was the conservation, consolidation, coordination and development of ideas and knowledge in ancient civilizations. Some Iranian Hakim (practitioners) such as Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi, known to the West as Rhazes, and Ibn Sina, better known as Avicenna, were not only responsible for accumulating all the existing information on medicine of the time, but adding to this knowledge by their own astute observations, experimentation and skills. -
20:12Mani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sassanid Empire
Mani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sassanid EmpireMani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sassanid Empire
Mani believed no 1) Divine revelation always the same but the people who believe them over time corrupt it. 2)Good only exist in spiritual world not in the physical world thus it is better to stop producing children. 3)They only eat light fruits and vegetable and dark fruits and vegetable present darkness Mani was killed by putting heavy chain above of him and his bone was broken and his follower escaped in Central Asia and lived in Oasis settlement close to Tarim Basin -
4:38The History Of Iran During The Middle Ages
The History Of Iran During The Middle AgesThe History Of Iran During The Middle Ages
The prolonged Byzantine-Persian wars, as well as social conflict within the Empire opened the way for an Arab invasion of Iran in the 7th century. Gundeshapur was the most important medical centre of the ancient world at the time of the Islamic conquest. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran later came under the rule of their successors the Arab Ummayad and Arab Abbasid Caliphates. The process of conversion of Iranians to Islam which followed was prolonged and gradual. Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later Ummayad Caliphates Iranians, both Muslim (mawali) and non-Muslim (Dhimmi), were discriminated against, being excluded from government and military, and having to pay a special tax. In 750 the Abbasids succeeded in overthrowing the Ummayad Caliphate, mainly due to the support from dissatisfied Iranian mawali. The mawali formed the majority of the rebel army, which was led by the Iranian general Abu Muslim. After two centuries of Arab rule semi-independent and independent Iranian kingdoms (such as the Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids and Buyids) began to appear on the fringes of the declining Abbasid Caliphate. By the Samanid era in the 9th and 10th centuries Iran's efforts to regain its independence had been well solidified. The arrival of the Abbasid Caliphs saw a revival of Persian culture and influence, and a move away from Arabic culture. The role of the old Arab aristocracy was slowly replaced by a Persian bureaucracy. The blossoming Persian literature, philosophy, medicine, and art became major elements in the forming of a Muslim civilization during the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak in the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Persia was the main theatre of scientific activity. After the 10th century, Persian, alongside Arabic, was used for scientific, philosophical, historical, mathematical, musical, and medical works, as important Iranian writers such as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb al-Din Shirazi, Naser Khusraw and Biruni made contributions to Persian scientific writing. The cultural revival that began in the Abbasid period led to a resurfacing of Iranian national identity, and so earlier attempts of Arabization never succeeded in Iran. The Iranian Shuubiyah movement became a catalyst for Iranians to regain their independence in their relations with the Arab invaders. The most notable effect of the movement was the continuation of the Persian language attested to the epic poet Ferdowsi, now regarded as the most important figure in Persian literature. The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as slave-warriors (Mamluks), replacing Persian and Arab elements within the army. As a result the Mamluks gained significant political power. In 999, large parts of Iran came briefly under the rule of the Ghaznavid dynasty, whose rulers were of Mamluk Turk origin, and longer subsequently under the Turkish Seljuk and Khwarezmian Empires. These Turks had been fully Persianised and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership. The result of the adoption and patronage of Persian culture by Turkish rulers was the development of a distinct Turko-Persian tradition. In 1219–21 the Khwarezmian Empire suffered a devastating invasion by Genghis Khan's Mongol army. According to Steven R. Ward, "Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau, possibly 10 to 15 million people. Some historians have estimated that Iran's population did not again reach its pre-Mongol levels until the mid-20th century." Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256 Hulagu Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, established the Ilkhanate dynasty in Iran. In 1370 yet another conqueror, Timur, commonly known as Tamerlane in the West, followed Hulagu's example, establishing the Timurid Dynasty which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. Hulagu, Timur and their successors soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Persians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Persian. -
0:48Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorg.
Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorg.Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorg.
Alt tyder på at kurdisk-syriske Mani Hussaini (26) blir Eskil Pedersens etterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorganisasjon. Mani (på farsi: مانی, født ca. 216, død 276) var en religionsleder og grunnla manikeismen, en gnostisk religion. Han ble født i Ktesifon Mesopotamia (nå Irak). Hans foreldre var av parthisk og armensk opphav, og visstnok av fyrsteslekt. Mani var født inn i den jødisk-kristne døpersekten elkesaittene, men brøt med denne. Han hevdet å ha mottatt flere åpenbaringer fra han var tolv år. Da han var 24, stod han frem og forkynte sin lære om kontrasten mellom den guddommelige lysverden og det demoniske mørket. I Persia fremholdt han sin lære for sasaniderkongen Sjahpur I. Han fikk tillatelse til å forkynne sin lære over hele landet. Senere, under kong Bahram I, endret forholdene seg. Han ble forfulgt og til sist satt i fengsel, hvor han også døde. Religionen vant imidlertid innpass og spredde seg til andre steder i Asia. Mani skrev selv syv tekster, som ble regnet som manikeismens kanoniske bøker, men som i vår tid bare er kjent i små bruddstykker. De syv er Evangeliet, Skatten, Fortellingen, Mysteriene, Kjempene, Brev og Salmer og bønner. Disse syv er skrevet på syrisk; i tillegg skrev han Sjabuhragan på mellompersisk og en billedbok kjent under navnet Bildet.[1] I tillegg er noen av hans tekster kjent fra kristne teologers gjendrivelser av Manis lære, slik som det omfattende lærebrevet Brevet om det grunnleggende (Epistulam Fundamenti), som Augustin viet et helt motskrift til: Contra Epistulam Fundamenti; det er uvisst om Epistulam Fundamenti var en del av samlingen av Manis Brev. De opprinnelige skriftene hans har gått tapt, men deler av dem er funnet i 1929 i koptiske manuskripter fra Egypt, og senere manikeiske skrifter i Kina. http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28religionsleder%29 Onsdag ble det kjent at 26-åringen Mani Hussaini ble innstilt av valgkomiteen til å bli ny leder av Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking (AUF). Men det at Hussaini, som kom til Norge som 12-åring, ser litt annerledes ut enn de fleste andre nordmenn har ført til at ... - Er stolt av mine aner og være norsk Mani Hussaini, som trolig blir ny AUF-leder, har fått med seg at det har vært skrevet grums på nettet i dag. - Men jeg er stolt over mine kurdisk-syriske aner, og jeg er også stolt av at jeg føler meg 100 prosent norsk. http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Mener-valgkomiteen-som-innstilte-Mani-Hussaini-som-AUF-leder-bor-henrettes-7709746.html Mani Hussaini innstilt som ny AUF-leder Som tolvåring kom han til Norge fra Syria. Nå er han Mani Hussaini (26) innstilt som ny AUF-leder etter Eskil Pedersen. Utøya Hussaini ble trukket med i AUF av en venninne i 2006. - Min familie kom som politiske flyktninger til Norge, og det har alltid vært politiske samtaler rundt middagsbordet, sier han. Hussaini var ikke selv til stede på Utøya 22. juli 2011, en dato som fikk definere Eskil Pedersens tid som AUF-leder. - Eskil var en sterk og samlende leder da AUF var på sitt mest sårbare, sier Hussaini. Som ny AUF-leder vil han måtte forholde seg til de betente og krevende konfliktene knyttet til gjenoppbyggingen av Utøya. http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/partier/ap/Mani-Hussaini-innstilt-som-ny-AUF-leder-7708570.html Mani (in Middle Persian Māni and Syriac Mānī, Greek Μάνης, Latin Manes; also Μανιχαίος, Latin Manichaeus, from Syriac ܡܐܢܝ ܚܝܐ Mānī ḥayyā "Living Mani", c. 216–274 AD), of Iranian origin, was the prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a gnostic religion of Late Antiquity. Mani was born in or near Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Parthian Babylonia (Iraq), at the time still part of the Parthian Empire. Six of his major works were written in Syriac Aramaic, and the seventh, dedicated to the king of the empire, Shapur I, was written in Middle Persian, his native language.[7] He died in Gundeshapur, under the Sassanid Empire. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28prophet%29 Manichaeism. Manichaeism in Modern Persian was a major gnostic religion, originating in Sassanid era Babylonia. http://www.crystalinks.com/manichaeism.html The spread of Manichaeism (AD 300– 500). St. Augustine was once a Manichaean. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaeism Catharism ("the pure [ones]") was a Christian dualist movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. Cathar beliefs varied between communities because Catharism was initially taught by ascetic priests who had set few guidelines. The Cathars were a direct challenge to the Catholic Church, which denounced its practices and dismissed it outright as "the Church of Satan". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharism Dale kirke (Dale kyrkje) er en langkirke fra 1200-tallet i Luster kommune, Sogn og Fjordane fylke. http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_kirke_%28Luster%29 -
13:24Nestorianism
NestorianismNestorianism
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. It was advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431, influenced by Nestorius' studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch. Nestorius's teachings brought him into conflict with other prominent church leaders, most notably Cyril of Alexandria, who criticized especially his rejection of the title Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. Nestorius and his teachings were eventually condemned as heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451, leading to the Nestorian Schism, in which churches supporting Nestorius broke with the rest of the Christian Church. Following that, many of Nestorius's supporters relocated to the Sasanian Empire, where they affiliated with the local Christian community, known as the Church of the East. Over the next decades the Church of the East became increasingly Nestorian in doctrine, leading to it becoming known alternately as the Nestorian Church. Nestorianism is a form of dyophysitism, and can be seen as the antithesis to monophysitism, which emerged in reaction to Nestorianism. Where Nestorianism holds that Christ had two loosely united natures, divine and human, monophysitism holds that he had but a single nature, his human nature being absorbed into his divinity. A brief definition of Nestorian Christology can be given as: "Jesus Christ, who is not identical with the Son but personally united with the Son, who lives in him, is one hypostasis and one nature: human." Both Nestorianism and monophysitism were condemned as heretical at the Council of Chalcedon. Monophysitism survived and developed into the Miaphysitism of the modern Oriental Orthodox churches. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video -
41:14Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)
Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)
Watch another good video of the same producer on his channel: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX7Kqb21b44 © Pedro Olalla - http://pedroolalla.com Conferencia audiovisual de Pedro Olalla sobre la importancia del elemento griego en la conformación de la cultura. Pronunciada en la "X Jornada Clásica de Sagunto" (Sagunto, España, 17/11/2012), en un clima marcado por la nueva reforma educativa española, que reduce la presencia de las humanidades y, en especial, el estudio del latín y del griego. Pedro Olalla's audiovisual conference on the importance of the Greek element in shaping culture. Delivered in the "X Classic Day Sagunto" (Sagunto, Spain, 17/11/2012), in a climate marked by the new Spanish educational reform that reduces the presence of the humanities and in particular the study of Latin and Greek. To οπτικοακουστικό συνέδριο του Πέδρο Ολάγια με θέμα τη σημασία του ελληνικού στοιχείου στην πολιτιστική διαμόρφωση. Εκφωνήθηκε κατά την «X Classic Day Sagunto» (στο Σαγκούντο της Ισπανίας, στις 17/11/2012 ), μέσα σε ένα κλίμα, το οποίο χαρακτηριζόταν από την νέα ισπανική εκπαιδευτική μεταρρύθμιση, που μειώνει την παρουσία των ανθρωπιστικών επιστημών, και ειδικότερα τη μελέτη των λατινικών και ελληνικών. Defending the Greeks - http://victorhanson.com/wordpress/?p=5267 (by Bruce Thornton) GREECE ELLAS ELLADA MACEDONIA MAKEDONIA ALEXANDER PHILIP ALEKSANDROS ALEKSANDAR ΕΛΛΑΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΣ ГРЦИЈА МАКЕДОНИЈА АЛЕКСАНДАР ФИЛИП HISTORY ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ИСТОРИЈА ANCIENT ΑΡΧΑΙΑ АНТИЧКА NAME ΟΝΟΜΑ ИМЕ REPUBLIC ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ РЕПУБЛИКА YUGOSLAV ΓΙΟΥΓΚΟΣΛΑΒ ЈУГОСЛОВЕН TRUTH ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ ВИСТИНА FYROM F.Y.R.O.M. ΠΓΔΜ Π.Γ.Δ.Μ. БЈРМ Б.Ј.Р.М. -
4:42Origin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft came from Sassanian Persia
Origin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft came from Sassanian PersiaOrigin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft came from Sassanian Persia
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28:31The Prophet's Journey Life from Death web
The Prophet's Journey Life from Death webThe Prophet's Journey Life from Death web
Pastor Mani Erfan concludes this series looking at the last miracle associated with Elisha, when his decomposing bones revived a man who simply touched them. Mark Paez shares his testimony that encourages us that God hasn't stopped bringing the dead to life and that He always keeps His promises. -
39:37Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash ShaheghIranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh Association of Friends of Persian Culture Conference Chicago 2012
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How to Pronounce Gundeshapur
This video shows you how to pronounce Gundeshapur -
Iran, Science in Iran before Islam
Gundishapur, , Jund-e Shapur, (means Army of Shapour), Pahlavi. Founded in 271 CE by the Sassanid king Shapur I, Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital, and also comprised a library and an center of higher learning. It has been identified with extensive ruins south of Shahabad, a village 14 km south-east of Dezful, to the road for Shush, in the present-day province of Khuzestan, southwest Iran. Gundeshapur was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Jondi Shapour during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid Empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology, and science. It has been a center for training scientists for centuries. Iranian, Greek, Indian, and Roman scientists conducted studies and scientific research there. The faculty was versed n... -
Mani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sassanid Empire
Mani believed no 1) Divine revelation always the same but the people who believe them over time corrupt it. 2)Good only exist in spiritual world not in the physical world thus it is better to stop producing children. 3)They only eat light fruits and vegetable and dark fruits and vegetable present darkness Mani was killed by putting heavy chain above of him and his bone was broken and his follower escaped in Central Asia and lived in Oasis settlement close to Tarim Basin -
The History Of Iran During The Middle Ages
The prolonged Byzantine-Persian wars, as well as social conflict within the Empire opened the way for an Arab invasion of Iran in the 7th century. Gundeshapur was the most important medical centre of the ancient world at the time of the Islamic conquest. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran later came under the rule of their successors the Arab Ummayad and Arab Abbasid Caliphates. The process of conversion of Iranians to Islam which followed was prolonged and gradual. Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later Ummayad Caliphates Iranians, both Muslim (mawali) and non-Muslim (Dhimmi), were discriminated against, being excluded from government and military, and having to pay a special tax. In 750 the Abbasids succeeded in overthrowing the Ummayad Caliphate, mainly ... -
Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorg.
Alt tyder på at kurdisk-syriske Mani Hussaini (26) blir Eskil Pedersens etterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorganisasjon. Mani (på farsi: مانی, født ca. 216, død 276) var en religionsleder og grunnla manikeismen, en gnostisk religion. Han ble født i Ktesifon Mesopotamia (nå Irak). Hans foreldre var av parthisk og armensk opphav, og visstnok av fyrsteslekt. Mani var født inn i den jødisk-kristne døpersekten elkesaittene, men brøt med denne. Han hevdet å ha mottatt flere åpenbaringer fra han var tolv år. Da han var 24, stod han frem og forkynte sin lære om kontrasten mellom den guddommelige lysverden og det demoniske mørket. I Persia fremholdt han sin lære for sasaniderkongen Sjahpur I. Han fikk tillatelse til å forkynne sin lære over hele landet. Senere, under kong Bahram... -
Nestorianism
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. It was advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431, influenced by Nestorius' studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch. Nestorius's teachings brought him into conflict with other prominent church leaders, most notably Cyril of Alexandria, who criticized especially his rejection of the title Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. Nestorius and his teachings were eventually condemned as heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451, leading to the Nestorian Schism, in which churches supporting Nestorius broke with the rest of the Christian Church. Following that, many of Nestorius's supporters relocated to... -
Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)
Watch another good video of the same producer on his channel: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX7Kqb21b44 © Pedro Olalla - http://pedroolalla.com Conferencia audiovisual de Pedro Olalla sobre la importancia del elemento griego en la conformación de la cultura. Pronunciada en la "X Jornada Clásica de Sagunto" (Sagunto, España, 17/11/2012), en un clima marcado por la nueva reforma educativa española, que reduce la presencia de las humanidades y, en especial, el estudio del latín y del griego. Pedro Olalla's audiovisual conference on the importance of the Greek element in shaping culture. Delivered in the "X Classic Day Sagunto" (Sagunto, Spain, 17/11/2012), in a climate marked by the new Spanish educational reform that reduces the presence of the humanities and in particular the study of La... -
Origin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft came from Sassanian Persia
-
The Prophet's Journey Life from Death web
Pastor Mani Erfan concludes this series looking at the last miracle associated with Elisha, when his decomposing bones revived a man who simply touched them. Mark Paez shares his testimony that encourages us that God hasn't stopped bringing the dead to life and that He always keeps His promises. -
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh Association of Friends of Persian Culture Conference Chicago 2012
How to Pronounce Gundeshapur
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:18
- Updated: 24 Feb 2015
- views: 16
This video shows you how to pronounce Gundeshapur
This video shows you how to pronounce Gundeshapur
wn.com/How To Pronounce Gundeshapur
Iran, Science in Iran before Islam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:12
- Updated: 03 Jul 2012
- views: 2998
Gundishapur, , Jund-e Shapur, (means Army of Shapour), Pahlavi.
Founded in 271 CE by the Sassanid king Shapur I, Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital, ...
Gundishapur, , Jund-e Shapur, (means Army of Shapour), Pahlavi.
Founded in 271 CE by the Sassanid king Shapur I, Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital, and also comprised a library and an center of higher learning. It has been identified with extensive ruins south of Shahabad, a village 14 km south-east of Dezful, to the road for Shush, in the present-day province of Khuzestan, southwest Iran.
Gundeshapur was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Jondi Shapour during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid Empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology, and science. It has been a center for training scientists for centuries. Iranian, Greek, Indian, and Roman scientists conducted studies and scientific research there. The faculty was versed not only in the Zoroastrian and Persian traditions, but in Greek and Indian learning as well. According to The Cambridge History of Iran, it was the most important medical center of the ancient world during the 6th and 7th centuries. Will Durant has lauded the Iranian civilization for having built such an academy. Einstein has praised his disciple, Professor Hesaby, for having belonged to a country where an academy had been built 1,700 years ago.
Compare Iran with Arabia
It could be said that Arabia as the birthplace of Islam was a poverty stricken, dry and deprived region whereas Iran or at least some parts of Iran were populated, flourishing and affluent. Incidentally, the areas of the great Iranian plateau which were contiguous to Arabia were all green and included the western slopes of the Zagross mountain range and parts of Lorestan, Bakhtaran, Hamadan and present Kurdestan, as well as part of Mesopotamia along the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates, all of which are green and full of palm groves, so that in those times the Arabs called these lands the Black Land's. This was so because as of the dry, sandy deserts came to this part, they would notice a dark horizon which in fact was the palm groves and other trees, whereas in their own dwelling places there were only old trees in the rarely found oases.
The practice and study of medicine in Persia has a long and prolific history. The Iranian academic centers like Jundishapur University (3rd century AD) were a breeding ground for the union among great scientists from different civilizations. These centers successfully followed their predecessors' theories and greatly extended their scientific research through history.
Thousand years before Islam, Iranian medical remedies using modern scientific methods. These studies raised the possibility of revival of traditional treatments on the basis of evidence-based medicine.
Of all the healers O Spitama Zarathustra, namely those who heal with the knife, with herbs, and with sacred incantations, the last one is the most potent as he heals from the very source of diseases.
—Ardibesht Yasht
Avesta mentions several notable physicians, the most notable of Persia's ancient physicians were to emerge later on, namely: Mani, Roozbeh, and Bozorgmehr.
The first teaching hospital where medical students methodically practiced on patients under the supervision of physicians was the Academy of Gundishapur in the Persian Empire. Some experts go so far as to claim that: "to a very large extent, the credit for the whole hospital system must be given to Persia"
Such a biased article. Ancient Persia was never a scientifically important region. Not untill Islam came, and some of the greatest (muslim) scholars emerged from Persia: Ibn Sina, Alghazali, etc. Islam interruupted nothing.
The Iranian science was interrupted by the Arab invasion (630 A.D.). Many schools, universities and libraries were destroyed, books were burned and scholars killed. Iranian scientists carried on and the science of Persia resurfaced during the Islamic period. To save the books from the Arab carnage, many Pahlavi scripts were translated into the Arabic, and Iran produced physicians and scientists as Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi and mathematicians as Kharazmi and Omar Khayyám. They collected and systematically expanded the Greek, Indian, and Persian ancient medical heritage and made further discoveries.
One of the main roles played by medieval Iranian scholars in the scientific field was the conservation, consolidation, coordination and development of ideas and knowledge in ancient civilizations. Some Iranian Hakim (practitioners) such as Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi, known to the West as Rhazes, and Ibn Sina, better known as Avicenna, were not only responsible for accumulating all the existing information on medicine of the time, but adding to this knowledge by their own astute observations, experimentation and skills.
wn.com/Iran, Science In Iran Before Islam
Gundishapur, , Jund-e Shapur, (means Army of Shapour), Pahlavi.
Founded in 271 CE by the Sassanid king Shapur I, Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital, and also comprised a library and an center of higher learning. It has been identified with extensive ruins south of Shahabad, a village 14 km south-east of Dezful, to the road for Shush, in the present-day province of Khuzestan, southwest Iran.
Gundeshapur was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Jondi Shapour during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid Empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology, and science. It has been a center for training scientists for centuries. Iranian, Greek, Indian, and Roman scientists conducted studies and scientific research there. The faculty was versed not only in the Zoroastrian and Persian traditions, but in Greek and Indian learning as well. According to The Cambridge History of Iran, it was the most important medical center of the ancient world during the 6th and 7th centuries. Will Durant has lauded the Iranian civilization for having built such an academy. Einstein has praised his disciple, Professor Hesaby, for having belonged to a country where an academy had been built 1,700 years ago.
Compare Iran with Arabia
It could be said that Arabia as the birthplace of Islam was a poverty stricken, dry and deprived region whereas Iran or at least some parts of Iran were populated, flourishing and affluent. Incidentally, the areas of the great Iranian plateau which were contiguous to Arabia were all green and included the western slopes of the Zagross mountain range and parts of Lorestan, Bakhtaran, Hamadan and present Kurdestan, as well as part of Mesopotamia along the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates, all of which are green and full of palm groves, so that in those times the Arabs called these lands the Black Land's. This was so because as of the dry, sandy deserts came to this part, they would notice a dark horizon which in fact was the palm groves and other trees, whereas in their own dwelling places there were only old trees in the rarely found oases.
The practice and study of medicine in Persia has a long and prolific history. The Iranian academic centers like Jundishapur University (3rd century AD) were a breeding ground for the union among great scientists from different civilizations. These centers successfully followed their predecessors' theories and greatly extended their scientific research through history.
Thousand years before Islam, Iranian medical remedies using modern scientific methods. These studies raised the possibility of revival of traditional treatments on the basis of evidence-based medicine.
Of all the healers O Spitama Zarathustra, namely those who heal with the knife, with herbs, and with sacred incantations, the last one is the most potent as he heals from the very source of diseases.
—Ardibesht Yasht
Avesta mentions several notable physicians, the most notable of Persia's ancient physicians were to emerge later on, namely: Mani, Roozbeh, and Bozorgmehr.
The first teaching hospital where medical students methodically practiced on patients under the supervision of physicians was the Academy of Gundishapur in the Persian Empire. Some experts go so far as to claim that: "to a very large extent, the credit for the whole hospital system must be given to Persia"
Such a biased article. Ancient Persia was never a scientifically important region. Not untill Islam came, and some of the greatest (muslim) scholars emerged from Persia: Ibn Sina, Alghazali, etc. Islam interruupted nothing.
The Iranian science was interrupted by the Arab invasion (630 A.D.). Many schools, universities and libraries were destroyed, books were burned and scholars killed. Iranian scientists carried on and the science of Persia resurfaced during the Islamic period. To save the books from the Arab carnage, many Pahlavi scripts were translated into the Arabic, and Iran produced physicians and scientists as Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi and mathematicians as Kharazmi and Omar Khayyám. They collected and systematically expanded the Greek, Indian, and Persian ancient medical heritage and made further discoveries.
One of the main roles played by medieval Iranian scholars in the scientific field was the conservation, consolidation, coordination and development of ideas and knowledge in ancient civilizations. Some Iranian Hakim (practitioners) such as Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi, known to the West as Rhazes, and Ibn Sina, better known as Avicenna, were not only responsible for accumulating all the existing information on medicine of the time, but adding to this knowledge by their own astute observations, experimentation and skills.
- published: 03 Jul 2012
- views: 2998
Mani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sassanid Empire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:12
- Updated: 21 Mar 2014
- views: 381
Mani believed no 1) Divine revelation always the same but the people who believe them over time corrupt it.
2)Good only exist in spiritual world not in the phy...
Mani believed no 1) Divine revelation always the same but the people who believe them over time corrupt it.
2)Good only exist in spiritual world not in the physical world thus it is better to stop producing children.
3)They only eat light fruits and vegetable and dark fruits and vegetable present darkness
Mani was killed by putting heavy chain above of him and his bone was broken and his follower escaped in Central Asia and lived in Oasis settlement close to Tarim Basin
wn.com/Mani Prophet 216 Ad 274 Ad During Gundeshapur Sassanid Empire
Mani believed no 1) Divine revelation always the same but the people who believe them over time corrupt it.
2)Good only exist in spiritual world not in the physical world thus it is better to stop producing children.
3)They only eat light fruits and vegetable and dark fruits and vegetable present darkness
Mani was killed by putting heavy chain above of him and his bone was broken and his follower escaped in Central Asia and lived in Oasis settlement close to Tarim Basin
- published: 21 Mar 2014
- views: 381
The History Of Iran During The Middle Ages
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 10 May 2015
- views: 152
The prolonged Byzantine-Persian wars, as well as social conflict within the Empire opened the way for an Arab invasion of Iran in the 7th century. Gundeshapur w...
The prolonged Byzantine-Persian wars, as well as social conflict within the Empire opened the way for an Arab invasion of Iran in the 7th century. Gundeshapur was the most important medical centre of the ancient world at the time of the Islamic conquest. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran later came under the rule of their successors the Arab Ummayad and Arab Abbasid Caliphates. The process of conversion of Iranians to Islam which followed was prolonged and gradual. Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later Ummayad Caliphates Iranians, both Muslim (mawali) and non-Muslim (Dhimmi), were discriminated against, being excluded from government and military, and having to pay a special tax. In 750 the Abbasids succeeded in overthrowing the Ummayad Caliphate, mainly due to the support from dissatisfied Iranian mawali. The mawali formed the majority of the rebel army, which was led by the Iranian general Abu Muslim. After two centuries of Arab rule semi-independent and independent Iranian kingdoms (such as the Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids and Buyids) began to appear on the fringes of the declining Abbasid Caliphate. By the Samanid era in the 9th and 10th centuries Iran's efforts to regain its independence had been well solidified.
The arrival of the Abbasid Caliphs saw a revival of Persian culture and influence, and a move away from Arabic culture. The role of the old Arab aristocracy was slowly replaced by a Persian bureaucracy.
The blossoming Persian literature, philosophy, medicine, and art became major elements in the forming of a Muslim civilization during the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak in the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Persia was the main theatre of scientific activity. After the 10th century, Persian, alongside Arabic, was used for scientific, philosophical, historical, mathematical, musical, and medical works, as important Iranian writers such as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb al-Din Shirazi, Naser Khusraw and Biruni made contributions to Persian scientific writing.
The cultural revival that began in the Abbasid period led to a resurfacing of Iranian national identity, and so earlier attempts of Arabization never succeeded in Iran. The Iranian Shuubiyah movement became a catalyst for Iranians to regain their independence in their relations with the Arab invaders. The most notable effect of the movement was the continuation of the Persian language attested to the epic poet Ferdowsi, now regarded as the most important figure in Persian literature.
The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as slave-warriors (Mamluks), replacing Persian and Arab elements within the army. As a result the Mamluks gained significant political power. In 999, large parts of Iran came briefly under the rule of the Ghaznavid dynasty, whose rulers were of Mamluk Turk origin, and longer subsequently under the Turkish Seljuk and Khwarezmian Empires. These Turks had been fully Persianised and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership.
The result of the adoption and patronage of Persian culture by Turkish rulers was the development of a distinct Turko-Persian tradition.
In 1219–21 the Khwarezmian Empire suffered a devastating invasion by Genghis Khan's Mongol army. According to Steven R. Ward, "Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau, possibly 10 to 15 million people. Some historians have estimated that Iran's population did not again reach its pre-Mongol levels until the mid-20th century." Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256 Hulagu Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, established the Ilkhanate dynasty in Iran. In 1370 yet another conqueror, Timur, commonly known as Tamerlane in the West, followed Hulagu's example, establishing the Timurid Dynasty which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. Hulagu, Timur and their successors soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Persians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Persian.
wn.com/The History Of Iran During The Middle Ages
The prolonged Byzantine-Persian wars, as well as social conflict within the Empire opened the way for an Arab invasion of Iran in the 7th century. Gundeshapur was the most important medical centre of the ancient world at the time of the Islamic conquest. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran later came under the rule of their successors the Arab Ummayad and Arab Abbasid Caliphates. The process of conversion of Iranians to Islam which followed was prolonged and gradual. Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later Ummayad Caliphates Iranians, both Muslim (mawali) and non-Muslim (Dhimmi), were discriminated against, being excluded from government and military, and having to pay a special tax. In 750 the Abbasids succeeded in overthrowing the Ummayad Caliphate, mainly due to the support from dissatisfied Iranian mawali. The mawali formed the majority of the rebel army, which was led by the Iranian general Abu Muslim. After two centuries of Arab rule semi-independent and independent Iranian kingdoms (such as the Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids and Buyids) began to appear on the fringes of the declining Abbasid Caliphate. By the Samanid era in the 9th and 10th centuries Iran's efforts to regain its independence had been well solidified.
The arrival of the Abbasid Caliphs saw a revival of Persian culture and influence, and a move away from Arabic culture. The role of the old Arab aristocracy was slowly replaced by a Persian bureaucracy.
The blossoming Persian literature, philosophy, medicine, and art became major elements in the forming of a Muslim civilization during the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak in the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Persia was the main theatre of scientific activity. After the 10th century, Persian, alongside Arabic, was used for scientific, philosophical, historical, mathematical, musical, and medical works, as important Iranian writers such as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb al-Din Shirazi, Naser Khusraw and Biruni made contributions to Persian scientific writing.
The cultural revival that began in the Abbasid period led to a resurfacing of Iranian national identity, and so earlier attempts of Arabization never succeeded in Iran. The Iranian Shuubiyah movement became a catalyst for Iranians to regain their independence in their relations with the Arab invaders. The most notable effect of the movement was the continuation of the Persian language attested to the epic poet Ferdowsi, now regarded as the most important figure in Persian literature.
The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as slave-warriors (Mamluks), replacing Persian and Arab elements within the army. As a result the Mamluks gained significant political power. In 999, large parts of Iran came briefly under the rule of the Ghaznavid dynasty, whose rulers were of Mamluk Turk origin, and longer subsequently under the Turkish Seljuk and Khwarezmian Empires. These Turks had been fully Persianised and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership.
The result of the adoption and patronage of Persian culture by Turkish rulers was the development of a distinct Turko-Persian tradition.
In 1219–21 the Khwarezmian Empire suffered a devastating invasion by Genghis Khan's Mongol army. According to Steven R. Ward, "Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau, possibly 10 to 15 million people. Some historians have estimated that Iran's population did not again reach its pre-Mongol levels until the mid-20th century." Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256 Hulagu Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, established the Ilkhanate dynasty in Iran. In 1370 yet another conqueror, Timur, commonly known as Tamerlane in the West, followed Hulagu's example, establishing the Timurid Dynasty which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. Hulagu, Timur and their successors soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Persians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Persian.
- published: 10 May 2015
- views: 152
Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorg.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 18 Sep 2014
- views: 503
Alt tyder på at kurdisk-syriske Mani Hussaini (26) blir Eskil Pedersens etterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorganisasjon. Mani (på farsi: مانی...
Alt tyder på at kurdisk-syriske Mani Hussaini (26) blir Eskil Pedersens etterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorganisasjon. Mani (på farsi: مانی, født ca. 216, død 276) var en religionsleder og grunnla manikeismen, en gnostisk religion. Han ble født i Ktesifon Mesopotamia (nå Irak). Hans foreldre var av parthisk og armensk opphav, og visstnok av fyrsteslekt.
Mani var født inn i den jødisk-kristne døpersekten elkesaittene, men brøt med denne. Han hevdet å ha mottatt flere åpenbaringer fra han var tolv år. Da han var 24, stod han frem og forkynte sin lære om kontrasten mellom den guddommelige lysverden og det demoniske mørket. I Persia fremholdt han sin lære for sasaniderkongen Sjahpur I. Han fikk tillatelse til å forkynne sin lære over hele landet. Senere, under kong Bahram I, endret forholdene seg. Han ble forfulgt og til sist satt i fengsel, hvor han også døde. Religionen vant imidlertid innpass og spredde seg til andre steder i Asia.
Mani skrev selv syv tekster, som ble regnet som manikeismens kanoniske bøker, men som i vår tid bare er kjent i små bruddstykker. De syv er Evangeliet, Skatten, Fortellingen, Mysteriene, Kjempene, Brev og Salmer og bønner. Disse syv er skrevet på syrisk; i tillegg skrev han Sjabuhragan på mellompersisk og en billedbok kjent under navnet Bildet.[1] I tillegg er noen av hans tekster kjent fra kristne teologers gjendrivelser av Manis lære, slik som det omfattende lærebrevet Brevet om det grunnleggende (Epistulam Fundamenti), som Augustin viet et helt motskrift til: Contra Epistulam Fundamenti; det er uvisst om Epistulam Fundamenti var en del av samlingen av Manis Brev. De opprinnelige skriftene hans har gått tapt, men deler av dem er funnet i 1929 i koptiske manuskripter fra Egypt, og senere manikeiske skrifter i Kina.
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28religionsleder%29
Onsdag ble det kjent at 26-åringen Mani Hussaini ble innstilt av valgkomiteen til å bli ny leder av Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking (AUF).
Men det at Hussaini, som kom til Norge som 12-åring, ser litt annerledes ut enn de fleste andre nordmenn har ført til at ...
- Er stolt av mine aner og være norsk
Mani Hussaini, som trolig blir ny AUF-leder, har fått med seg at det har vært skrevet grums på nettet i dag.
- Men jeg er stolt over mine kurdisk-syriske aner, og jeg er også stolt av at jeg føler meg 100 prosent norsk.
http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Mener-valgkomiteen-som-innstilte-Mani-Hussaini-som-AUF-leder-bor-henrettes-7709746.html
Mani Hussaini innstilt som ny AUF-leder
Som tolvåring kom han til Norge fra Syria. Nå er han Mani Hussaini (26) innstilt som ny AUF-leder etter Eskil Pedersen.
Utøya
Hussaini ble trukket med i AUF av en venninne i 2006.
- Min familie kom som politiske flyktninger til Norge, og det har alltid vært politiske samtaler rundt middagsbordet, sier han.
Hussaini var ikke selv til stede på Utøya 22. juli 2011, en dato som fikk definere Eskil Pedersens tid som AUF-leder.
- Eskil var en sterk og samlende leder da AUF var på sitt mest sårbare, sier Hussaini.
Som ny AUF-leder vil han måtte forholde seg til de betente og krevende konfliktene knyttet til gjenoppbyggingen av Utøya.
http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/partier/ap/Mani-Hussaini-innstilt-som-ny-AUF-leder-7708570.html
Mani (in Middle Persian Māni and Syriac Mānī, Greek Μάνης, Latin Manes; also Μανιχαίος, Latin Manichaeus, from Syriac ܡܐܢܝ ܚܝܐ Mānī ḥayyā "Living Mani", c. 216–274 AD), of Iranian origin, was the prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a gnostic religion of Late Antiquity. Mani was born in or near Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Parthian Babylonia (Iraq), at the time still part of the Parthian Empire. Six of his major works were written in Syriac Aramaic, and the seventh, dedicated to the king of the empire, Shapur I, was written in Middle Persian, his native language.[7] He died in Gundeshapur, under the Sassanid Empire.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28prophet%29
Manichaeism. Manichaeism in Modern Persian was a major gnostic religion, originating in Sassanid era Babylonia.
http://www.crystalinks.com/manichaeism.html
The spread of Manichaeism (AD 300– 500).
St. Augustine was once a Manichaean.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaeism
Catharism ("the pure [ones]") was a Christian dualist movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. Cathar beliefs varied between communities because Catharism was initially taught by ascetic priests who had set few guidelines. The Cathars were a direct challenge to the Catholic Church, which denounced its practices and dismissed it outright as "the Church of Satan".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharism
Dale kirke (Dale kyrkje) er en langkirke fra 1200-tallet i Luster kommune, Sogn og Fjordane fylke.
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_kirke_%28Luster%29
wn.com/Profeten Māni Blir Homofile Pedersens Efterfølger Som Leder Av Auf, Arbeiderpartiets Ungdomsorg.
Alt tyder på at kurdisk-syriske Mani Hussaini (26) blir Eskil Pedersens etterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorganisasjon. Mani (på farsi: مانی, født ca. 216, død 276) var en religionsleder og grunnla manikeismen, en gnostisk religion. Han ble født i Ktesifon Mesopotamia (nå Irak). Hans foreldre var av parthisk og armensk opphav, og visstnok av fyrsteslekt.
Mani var født inn i den jødisk-kristne døpersekten elkesaittene, men brøt med denne. Han hevdet å ha mottatt flere åpenbaringer fra han var tolv år. Da han var 24, stod han frem og forkynte sin lære om kontrasten mellom den guddommelige lysverden og det demoniske mørket. I Persia fremholdt han sin lære for sasaniderkongen Sjahpur I. Han fikk tillatelse til å forkynne sin lære over hele landet. Senere, under kong Bahram I, endret forholdene seg. Han ble forfulgt og til sist satt i fengsel, hvor han også døde. Religionen vant imidlertid innpass og spredde seg til andre steder i Asia.
Mani skrev selv syv tekster, som ble regnet som manikeismens kanoniske bøker, men som i vår tid bare er kjent i små bruddstykker. De syv er Evangeliet, Skatten, Fortellingen, Mysteriene, Kjempene, Brev og Salmer og bønner. Disse syv er skrevet på syrisk; i tillegg skrev han Sjabuhragan på mellompersisk og en billedbok kjent under navnet Bildet.[1] I tillegg er noen av hans tekster kjent fra kristne teologers gjendrivelser av Manis lære, slik som det omfattende lærebrevet Brevet om det grunnleggende (Epistulam Fundamenti), som Augustin viet et helt motskrift til: Contra Epistulam Fundamenti; det er uvisst om Epistulam Fundamenti var en del av samlingen av Manis Brev. De opprinnelige skriftene hans har gått tapt, men deler av dem er funnet i 1929 i koptiske manuskripter fra Egypt, og senere manikeiske skrifter i Kina.
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28religionsleder%29
Onsdag ble det kjent at 26-åringen Mani Hussaini ble innstilt av valgkomiteen til å bli ny leder av Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking (AUF).
Men det at Hussaini, som kom til Norge som 12-åring, ser litt annerledes ut enn de fleste andre nordmenn har ført til at ...
- Er stolt av mine aner og være norsk
Mani Hussaini, som trolig blir ny AUF-leder, har fått med seg at det har vært skrevet grums på nettet i dag.
- Men jeg er stolt over mine kurdisk-syriske aner, og jeg er også stolt av at jeg føler meg 100 prosent norsk.
http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Mener-valgkomiteen-som-innstilte-Mani-Hussaini-som-AUF-leder-bor-henrettes-7709746.html
Mani Hussaini innstilt som ny AUF-leder
Som tolvåring kom han til Norge fra Syria. Nå er han Mani Hussaini (26) innstilt som ny AUF-leder etter Eskil Pedersen.
Utøya
Hussaini ble trukket med i AUF av en venninne i 2006.
- Min familie kom som politiske flyktninger til Norge, og det har alltid vært politiske samtaler rundt middagsbordet, sier han.
Hussaini var ikke selv til stede på Utøya 22. juli 2011, en dato som fikk definere Eskil Pedersens tid som AUF-leder.
- Eskil var en sterk og samlende leder da AUF var på sitt mest sårbare, sier Hussaini.
Som ny AUF-leder vil han måtte forholde seg til de betente og krevende konfliktene knyttet til gjenoppbyggingen av Utøya.
http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/partier/ap/Mani-Hussaini-innstilt-som-ny-AUF-leder-7708570.html
Mani (in Middle Persian Māni and Syriac Mānī, Greek Μάνης, Latin Manes; also Μανιχαίος, Latin Manichaeus, from Syriac ܡܐܢܝ ܚܝܐ Mānī ḥayyā "Living Mani", c. 216–274 AD), of Iranian origin, was the prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a gnostic religion of Late Antiquity. Mani was born in or near Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Parthian Babylonia (Iraq), at the time still part of the Parthian Empire. Six of his major works were written in Syriac Aramaic, and the seventh, dedicated to the king of the empire, Shapur I, was written in Middle Persian, his native language.[7] He died in Gundeshapur, under the Sassanid Empire.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28prophet%29
Manichaeism. Manichaeism in Modern Persian was a major gnostic religion, originating in Sassanid era Babylonia.
http://www.crystalinks.com/manichaeism.html
The spread of Manichaeism (AD 300– 500).
St. Augustine was once a Manichaean.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaeism
Catharism ("the pure [ones]") was a Christian dualist movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. Cathar beliefs varied between communities because Catharism was initially taught by ascetic priests who had set few guidelines. The Cathars were a direct challenge to the Catholic Church, which denounced its practices and dismissed it outright as "the Church of Satan".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharism
Dale kirke (Dale kyrkje) er en langkirke fra 1200-tallet i Luster kommune, Sogn og Fjordane fylke.
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_kirke_%28Luster%29
- published: 18 Sep 2014
- views: 503
Nestorianism
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:24
- Updated: 07 Oct 2015
- views: 439
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. It was advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of...
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. It was advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431, influenced by Nestorius' studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch. Nestorius's teachings brought him into conflict with other prominent church leaders, most notably Cyril of Alexandria, who criticized especially his rejection of the title Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. Nestorius and his teachings were eventually condemned as heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451, leading to the Nestorian Schism, in which churches supporting Nestorius broke with the rest of the Christian Church. Following that, many of Nestorius's supporters relocated to the Sasanian Empire, where they affiliated with the local Christian community, known as the Church of the East. Over the next decades the Church of the East became increasingly Nestorian in doctrine, leading to it becoming known alternately as the Nestorian Church.
Nestorianism is a form of dyophysitism, and can be seen as the antithesis to monophysitism, which emerged in reaction to Nestorianism. Where Nestorianism holds that Christ had two loosely united natures, divine and human, monophysitism holds that he had but a single nature, his human nature being absorbed into his divinity. A brief definition of Nestorian Christology can be given as: "Jesus Christ, who is not identical with the Son but personally united with the Son, who lives in him, is one hypostasis and one nature: human." Both Nestorianism and monophysitism were condemned as heretical at the Council of Chalcedon. Monophysitism survived and developed into the Miaphysitism of the modern Oriental Orthodox churches.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
wn.com/Nestorianism
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. It was advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431, influenced by Nestorius' studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch. Nestorius's teachings brought him into conflict with other prominent church leaders, most notably Cyril of Alexandria, who criticized especially his rejection of the title Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. Nestorius and his teachings were eventually condemned as heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451, leading to the Nestorian Schism, in which churches supporting Nestorius broke with the rest of the Christian Church. Following that, many of Nestorius's supporters relocated to the Sasanian Empire, where they affiliated with the local Christian community, known as the Church of the East. Over the next decades the Church of the East became increasingly Nestorian in doctrine, leading to it becoming known alternately as the Nestorian Church.
Nestorianism is a form of dyophysitism, and can be seen as the antithesis to monophysitism, which emerged in reaction to Nestorianism. Where Nestorianism holds that Christ had two loosely united natures, divine and human, monophysitism holds that he had but a single nature, his human nature being absorbed into his divinity. A brief definition of Nestorian Christology can be given as: "Jesus Christ, who is not identical with the Son but personally united with the Son, who lives in him, is one hypostasis and one nature: human." Both Nestorianism and monophysitism were condemned as heretical at the Council of Chalcedon. Monophysitism survived and developed into the Miaphysitism of the modern Oriental Orthodox churches.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 07 Oct 2015
- views: 439
Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:14
- Updated: 28 Feb 2015
- views: 277
Watch another good video of the same producer on his channel:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX7Kqb21b44
© Pedro Olalla - http://pedroolalla.com
Conferencia au...
Watch another good video of the same producer on his channel:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX7Kqb21b44
© Pedro Olalla - http://pedroolalla.com
Conferencia audiovisual de Pedro Olalla sobre la importancia del elemento griego en la conformación de la cultura. Pronunciada en la "X Jornada Clásica de Sagunto" (Sagunto, España, 17/11/2012), en un clima marcado por la nueva reforma educativa española, que reduce la presencia de las humanidades y, en especial, el estudio del latín y del griego.
Pedro Olalla's audiovisual conference on the importance of the Greek element in shaping culture. Delivered in the "X Classic Day Sagunto" (Sagunto, Spain, 17/11/2012), in a climate marked by the new Spanish educational reform that reduces the presence of the humanities and in particular the study of Latin and Greek.
To οπτικοακουστικό συνέδριο του Πέδρο Ολάγια με θέμα τη σημασία του ελληνικού στοιχείου στην πολιτιστική διαμόρφωση. Εκφωνήθηκε κατά την «X Classic Day Sagunto» (στο Σαγκούντο της Ισπανίας, στις 17/11/2012 ), μέσα σε ένα κλίμα, το οποίο χαρακτηριζόταν από την νέα ισπανική εκπαιδευτική μεταρρύθμιση, που μειώνει την παρουσία των ανθρωπιστικών επιστημών, και ειδικότερα τη μελέτη των λατινικών και ελληνικών.
Defending the Greeks - http://victorhanson.com/wordpress/?p=5267
(by Bruce Thornton)
GREECE ELLAS ELLADA MACEDONIA MAKEDONIA ALEXANDER PHILIP ALEKSANDROS ALEKSANDAR ΕΛΛΑΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΣ ГРЦИЈА МАКЕДОНИЈА АЛЕКСАНДАР ФИЛИП HISTORY ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ИСТОРИЈА ANCIENT ΑΡΧΑΙΑ АНТИЧКА NAME ΟΝΟΜΑ ИМЕ REPUBLIC ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ РЕПУБЛИКА YUGOSLAV ΓΙΟΥΓΚΟΣΛΑΒ ЈУГОСЛОВЕН TRUTH ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ ВИСТИНА FYROM F.Y.R.O.M. ΠΓΔΜ Π.Γ.Δ.Μ. БЈРМ Б.Ј.Р.М.
wn.com/Pedro Olalla ¿Por Qué Grecia (Eng Gre Sub)
Watch another good video of the same producer on his channel:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX7Kqb21b44
© Pedro Olalla - http://pedroolalla.com
Conferencia audiovisual de Pedro Olalla sobre la importancia del elemento griego en la conformación de la cultura. Pronunciada en la "X Jornada Clásica de Sagunto" (Sagunto, España, 17/11/2012), en un clima marcado por la nueva reforma educativa española, que reduce la presencia de las humanidades y, en especial, el estudio del latín y del griego.
Pedro Olalla's audiovisual conference on the importance of the Greek element in shaping culture. Delivered in the "X Classic Day Sagunto" (Sagunto, Spain, 17/11/2012), in a climate marked by the new Spanish educational reform that reduces the presence of the humanities and in particular the study of Latin and Greek.
To οπτικοακουστικό συνέδριο του Πέδρο Ολάγια με θέμα τη σημασία του ελληνικού στοιχείου στην πολιτιστική διαμόρφωση. Εκφωνήθηκε κατά την «X Classic Day Sagunto» (στο Σαγκούντο της Ισπανίας, στις 17/11/2012 ), μέσα σε ένα κλίμα, το οποίο χαρακτηριζόταν από την νέα ισπανική εκπαιδευτική μεταρρύθμιση, που μειώνει την παρουσία των ανθρωπιστικών επιστημών, και ειδικότερα τη μελέτη των λατινικών και ελληνικών.
Defending the Greeks - http://victorhanson.com/wordpress/?p=5267
(by Bruce Thornton)
GREECE ELLAS ELLADA MACEDONIA MAKEDONIA ALEXANDER PHILIP ALEKSANDROS ALEKSANDAR ΕΛΛΑΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΣ ГРЦИЈА МАКЕДОНИЈА АЛЕКСАНДАР ФИЛИП HISTORY ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ИСТОРИЈА ANCIENT ΑΡΧΑΙΑ АНТИЧКА NAME ΟΝΟΜΑ ИМЕ REPUBLIC ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ РЕПУБЛИКА YUGOSLAV ΓΙΟΥΓΚΟΣΛΑΒ ЈУГОСЛОВЕН TRUTH ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ ВИСТИНА FYROM F.Y.R.O.M. ΠΓΔΜ Π.Γ.Δ.Μ. БЈРМ Б.Ј.Р.М.
- published: 28 Feb 2015
- views: 277
Origin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft came from Sassanian Persia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 23 Mar 2014
- views: 81
- published: 23 Mar 2014
- views: 81
The Prophet's Journey Life from Death web
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:31
- Updated: 10 Jul 2013
- views: 222
Pastor Mani Erfan concludes this series looking at the last miracle associated with Elisha, when his decomposing bones revived a man who simply touched them. Ma...
Pastor Mani Erfan concludes this series looking at the last miracle associated with Elisha, when his decomposing bones revived a man who simply touched them. Mark Paez shares his testimony that encourages us that God hasn't stopped bringing the dead to life and that He always keeps His promises.
wn.com/The Prophet's Journey Life From Death Web
Pastor Mani Erfan concludes this series looking at the last miracle associated with Elisha, when his decomposing bones revived a man who simply touched them. Mark Paez shares his testimony that encourages us that God hasn't stopped bringing the dead to life and that He always keeps His promises.
- published: 10 Jul 2013
- views: 222
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:37
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 1363
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Association of Friends of Persian Culture Conference Chicago 2012
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Association of Friends of Persian Culture Conference Chicago 2012
wn.com/Iranian Prophets And Social Responsibility Mahvash Shahegh
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Association of Friends of Persian Culture Conference Chicago 2012
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 1363
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0:18
How to Pronounce Gundeshapur
This video shows you how to pronounce Gundeshapur
published: 24 Feb 2015
How to Pronounce Gundeshapur
How to Pronounce Gundeshapur
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- published: 24 Feb 2015
- views: 16
6:12
Iran, Science in Iran before Islam
Gundishapur, , Jund-e Shapur, (means Army of Shapour), Pahlavi.
Founded in 271 CE by the...
published: 03 Jul 2012
Iran, Science in Iran before Islam
Iran, Science in Iran before Islam
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- published: 03 Jul 2012
- views: 2998
20:12
Mani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sassanid Empire
Mani believed no 1) Divine revelation always the same but the people who believe them over...
published: 21 Mar 2014
Mani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sassanid Empire
Mani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sassanid Empire
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- published: 21 Mar 2014
- views: 381
4:38
The History Of Iran During The Middle Ages
The prolonged Byzantine-Persian wars, as well as social conflict within the Empire opened ...
published: 10 May 2015
The History Of Iran During The Middle Ages
The History Of Iran During The Middle Ages
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- published: 10 May 2015
- views: 152
0:48
Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorg.
Alt tyder på at kurdisk-syriske Mani Hussaini (26) blir Eskil Pedersens etterfølger som le...
published: 18 Sep 2014
Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorg.
Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger som leder av AUF, Arbeiderpartiets ungdomsorg.
- Report rights infringement
- published: 18 Sep 2014
- views: 503
13:24
Nestorianism
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes the disunion between the human a...
published: 07 Oct 2015
Nestorianism
Nestorianism
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- published: 07 Oct 2015
- views: 439
41:14
Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)
Watch another good video of the same producer on his channel:
http://www.youtube.com/watch...
published: 28 Feb 2015
Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)
Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)
- Report rights infringement
- published: 28 Feb 2015
- views: 277
4:42
Origin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft came from Sassanian Persia
published: 23 Mar 2014
Origin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft came from Sassanian Persia
Origin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft came from Sassanian Persia
- Report rights infringement
- published: 23 Mar 2014
- views: 81
28:31
The Prophet's Journey Life from Death web
Pastor Mani Erfan concludes this series looking at the last miracle associated with Elisha...
published: 10 Jul 2013
The Prophet's Journey Life from Death web
The Prophet's Journey Life from Death web
- Report rights infringement
- published: 10 Jul 2013
- views: 222
39:37
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Association of Friends of Per...
published: 14 Sep 2012
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
Iranian Prophets and Social Responsibility - Mahvash Shahegh
- Report rights infringement
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 1363
How to Pronounce Gundeshapur...
Iran, Science in Iran before Islam...
Mani prophet 216 AD 274 AD during Gundeshapur & Sa...
The History Of Iran During The Middle Ages...
Profeten Māni blir homofile Pedersens efterfølger ...
Nestorianism...
Pedro Olalla - ¿Por qué Grecia? (Eng & Gre Sub)...
Origin of heavy Iron cavalry,heavy armory Warcraft...
The Prophet's Journey Life from Death web...
