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Mazar-i-Sharif or Mazar-e-Sharif (
Persian/
Pashto:
مزارِ شریف, ˌmæˈzɒːr ˌi ʃæˈriːf) is the fourth-largest city of
Afghanistan, with a population of about 375,
000 as of
2006. It is the capital of
Balkh province and is linked by highways with
Kunduz in the east,
Kabul in the southeast,
Herat in the west and
Uzbekistan in the north.
Mazar-e Sharif, along with Herat,
Jalalabad in the east and
Kandahar in the south, makes Afghanistan an important strategic location in
Asia. The city also serves as one of the many tourist attractions because of its famous shrines as well as the Muslim and
Hellenistic archeological sites. In 2006, the discovery of new Hellenistic remains was announced.[1]
The region around Mazar-e-Sharif has been historically part of
Greater Khorasan and was controlled by the
Tahirids followed by the
Saffarids,
Samanids, Ghaznavids,
Ghurids, Ilkhanates, Timurids, and
Khanate of Bukhara until the mid-18th century when it became part of the
Durrani Empire after a friendship treaty was signed between emirs
Murad Beg and
Ahmad Shah Durrani. The
Mazari Sharif Airport in the city has been heavily used during the
1980s Soviet war and the latest 2001-present war.
The name "Mazar-e Sharif" means "
Noble Shrine", a reference to the large, blue-tiled sanctuary and mosque in the center of the city known as the
Shrine of Hazrat Ali or the
Blue Mosque. Some Muslims believe that the tomb of
Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the
Islamic prophet Muhammad, is at this mosque in
Mazari Sharif, after Ali's remains were transferred to Mazar-i-Sharif as per request of
Ja'far as-Sadiq.[citation needed] However, most Muslims believe that the grave of Ali is at the
Imam Ali Mosque in
Najaf, Iraq.
History
Main article:
History of Afghanistan
The region around Mazar-i-Sharif has been historically part of Greater Khorasan and was controlled by the Tahirids followed by the Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Ilkhanates, Timurids, and Khanate of Bukhara. According to tradition, the city of Mazari Sharif owes its existence to a dream.
At the beginning of the
12th century, a local mullah had a dream in which the
7th century Ali bin Abi Talib, cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, appeared to reveal that he had been secretly buried near the city of
Balkh.
The famous
Jalal al-Din Rumi was born in this area but like many historical figures his exact location of birth cannot be confirmed. His father
Baha' Walad was descended from the first caliph
Abu Bakr and was influenced by the ideas of
Ahmad Ghazali, brother of the famous philosopher. Baha' Walad's sermons were published and still exist as
Divine Sciences (Ma'arif).
Rumi completed six books of mystical poetry and tales called Masnavi before he died in 1273.
After conducting researches in the 12th century, the Seljuk sultan
Ahmed Sanjar ordered a city and shrine to be built on the location, where it stood until its destruction by
Genghis Khan and his
Mongol army in the
13th century. Although later rebuilt, Mazar stood in the shadow of its neighbor Balkh. During the nineteenth century, due to the absence of drainage systems and the weak economy of the region, the excess water of this area flooded many acres of the land in the vicinity of residential areas causing a malaria epidemic in the region. Thus the ruler of
North Central Afghanistan decided to shift the capital of the city of Mazar-e-Sharif.[3]
The Mazar-i-Sharif means "the noble shrine". This name represents the Blue Mosque which is widely known to be the grave of
Hazrat Ali ( Muhammad's son-in-law).[4]
The city along with the region south of the Amu Darya became part of the Durrani Empire in around 1750 after a treaty of friendship was reached between
Mohammad Murad Beg and Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founding father of Afghanistan
. In the late
1870s,
Emir Sher Ali Khan ruled the area from his Tashkurgan
Palace in
Mazar-i Sharif. This northern part of Afghanistan was un-visited by the British-led
Indian forces during the
Anglo-Afghan wars of the
19th century.
Mazar-i-Sharif remained peaceful for the next one hundred years until
1979, when then neighboring
Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. During the 1980s Soviet war, Mazar-i-Sharif was a strategic base for the
Soviet Army as they used its airport to launch air strikes on
Afghan mujahideen. After the
Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in
1989, control of Mazar-i-Sharif was often contested between the
Hazara milita
Hezbe Wahdat, led by warlord Hajji
Mohammed Mohaqiq, the
Tajik militia
Jamiat-e Islami, led by
Ahmad Shah Massoud and
Burhanuddin Rabbani, and the Uzbek militia Jumbesh-e
Melli led by warlord
Abdul Rashid Dostum. As a garrison for the Soviet-backed
Afghan army, the city was under the command of
Dostum, who mutinied against
- published: 05 Sep 2015
- views: 185