- published: 21 Oct 2014
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Koine Greek (Greek: Ελληνιστική Κοινή "Hellenistic common [language]", or ἡ κοινὴ διάλεκτος, "the common dialect", also simply called koine "common [language]", or "Alexandrian dialect", "common Attic" or "Hellenistic Greek") is the universal dialect of the Greek language spoken throughout post-Classical antiquity (c. 300 BC – AD 300), developing from the Attic dialect, with admixture of elements especially from Ionic.
Koine, the first supra-regional Greek dialect, came to serve as the lingua franca of the Western world following the conquests of Alexander the Great. Although superseded in the West Roman Empire by Vulgar Latin, it retained its dominance in the East, forming the basis of medieval Greek. By way of the latter, it is also the main ancestor of modern Greek.
Koine's religious significance is exemplified by its status as the language of the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, and of the Christian New Testament. As the language of the New Testament and of the Church Fathers, Koine Greek is also known as biblical, patristic or New Testament Greek.