New York – referred to as
New York City or the
City of New York to distinguish it from the
State of New York, of which it is a part – is the most populous city in the
United States and the center of the
New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States[
6][7][8] and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.[9] A global power city,[10] New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment.
Home to the headquarters of the
United Nations,[11] New York is an important center for international diplomacy[12] and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.[13][14][15][16][17]
On one of the world's largest natural harbors,[18] New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a county of
New York State.[19]
The five boroughs –
Brooklyn,
Queens,
Manhattan, the
Bronx, and
Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.[20] With a census-estimated
2013 population of 8,
405,837[1] distributed over a land area of just
305 square miles (790 km2),[21] New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States
.[22] As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York,[23][24] making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.[25] By 2013 census estimates, the
New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the
Metropolitan Statistical Area (19.9 million residents)[26] and the
Combined Statistical Area (23.5 million residents).[27] In 2013, the
MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (
GMP) of nearly
US$1.39 trillion,[28] while in
2012, the
CSA[29] generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the
GDP of only twelve nations and eleven nations, respectively
.[30]
New York traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the
Dutch Republic and was named
New Amsterdam in 1626.[31]
The city and its surroundings came under
English control in 1664.[31][32][33] New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790.[34] It has been the country's largest city since 1790.[35]
The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to
America by ship in the late 19th and early
20th centuries[36] and is a globally recognized
symbol of the United States and its democracy.[37]
Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to the city's approximately 55 million annual visitors.[38] Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world.[39][40][41]
Times Square, iconified as "
The Crossroads of the
World",[42] is the brightly illuminated hub of the
Broadway Theater District,[43] one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections,[44][45] and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.[46] The names of many of the city's bridges, skyscrapers,[47] and parks are known around the world. New York City's financial district, anchored by
Wall Street in
Lower Manhattan, has been called the world's leading financial center,[48][49][50][51] and the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the
New York Stock Exchange and
NASDAQ.[52][53] Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world.[54][55]
Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of
Chinese people in the
Western Hemisphere,[56][57] with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city.[58][59] Providing continuous 24/7 service,[60] the
New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 468 stations in operation.[61][62][63][64] New York City's higher education network comprises over
120 colleges and universities, including
Columbia University,
New York University, and
Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world.[65]
Etymology and early history
In the precolonial era, the area of present day New York City was inhabited by various bands of
Algonquian tribes of
Native Americans, including the
Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island, the western portion of
Long Island (including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens), Manhattan, and the
Lower Hudson Valley, including
The Bronx.[66]
A pen drawing of two men in
16th-century Dutch clothing presenting an open box of items to a group of Native Americans in feather headdresses stereotypical of plains tribes.
Peter Minuit is credited with the purchase of the island of Manhattan in 1626.
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- published: 04 Dec 2014
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