- published: 07 Sep 2013
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In computing, a shell is a user interface for access to an operating system's services. In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI), depending on a computer's role and particular operation.
The design of a shell is guided by cognitive ergonomics and the goal is to achieve the best workflow possible for the intended tasks; the design can be constricted by the available computing power (for example, of the GPU) or the available amount of graphics memory. The design of a shell is also dictated by the employed computer periphery, such as computer keyboard, pointing device (a mouse with one button, or one with five buttons, or a 3D mouse) or touchscreen, which is the direct human–machine interface.
CLI shells allow some operations to be performed faster in some situations, especially when a proper GUI has not been or cannot be created. However, they require the user to memorize commands and their calling syntax, and also to learn the shell-specific scripting language, for example bash script. CLIs are also easier to be operated via refreshable braille display and provide certain advantages to screen readers.
Shell may refer to:
A command-line interface or command language interpreter (CLI), also known as command-line user interface, console user interface, and character user interface (CUI), is a means of interacting with a computer program where the user (or client) issues commands to the program in the form of successive lines of text (command lines).
The CLI was the primary means of interaction with most computer systems until the introduction of the video display terminal in the mid-1960s, and continued to be used throughout the 1970s and 1980s on OpenVMS, Unix systems and personal computer systems including MS-DOS, CP/M and Apple DOS. The interface is usually implemented with a command line shell, which is a program that accepts commands as text input and converts commands to appropriate operating system functions.
Command-line interfaces to computer operating systems are less widely used by casual computer users, who favor graphical user interfaces.
Alternatives to the command line include, but are not limited to text user interface menus (see IBM AIX SMIT for example), keyboard shortcuts, and various other desktop metaphors centered on the pointer (usually controlled with a mouse). Examples of this include the Windows versions 1, 2, 3, 3.1, and 3.11 (an OS shell that runs in DOS), DosShell, and Mouse Systems PowerPanel.
In computer science, a graphical user interface or GUI, pronounced /ˈɡuːi/ ("gooey") is a type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep learning curve of command-line interfaces (CLIs), which require commands to be typed on the keyboard.
The actions in a GUI are usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements. In addition to computers, GUIs can be found in hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players, gaming devices, smartphones and smaller household, office and industrial equipment. The term "GUI" tends not to be applied to other low-resolution types of interfaces with display resolutions, such as video games (where HUD is preferred), or not restricted to flat screens, like volumetric displays because the term is restricted to the scope of two-dimensional display screens able to describe generic information, in the tradition of the computer science research at the PARC (Palo Alto Research Center).
The user interface, in the industrial design field of human–machine interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology.
Generally, the goal of user interface design is to produce a user interface which makes it easy (self explanatory), efficient, and enjoyable (user friendly) to operate a machine in the way which produces the desired result. This generally means that the operator needs to provide minimal input to achieve the desired output, and also that the machine minimizes undesired outputs to the human.
If you want to access the kernel you need to use a shell. You do so through a terminal window. Think of your computer is a candy-coated piece of milk chocolate. Your kernel is the milk chocolate inside and your shell is the hard candy outside. You can't communicate directly with the chocolate because it will melt in your hand. So you use the hard candy shell to interface with your kernel.
Shell is a term often used in computing. But what is it exactly. Simply put, shells are user interfaces that wrap around Operating System APIs. This video introduces shells and explains what they are. See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)
Part of a series teaching programming. See codeschool.org
Shell (computing) In computing, a shell is a user interface for access to an operating systems services In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface CLI or graphical user interface GUI, depending on a computers role and particular operation It is named a shell because it is a layer around the operating system kernel The design of a shell is guided by cognitive ergonomics and the goal is to achieve the best workflow possible for the intended tasks; the design can be constricted by the available computing power for example, of the CPU or the available amount of graphics memory The design of a shell is also dictated by the employed computer periphery, such as computer keyboard, pointing device a mouse with one button, or one with five buttons, or a 3D mouse or touch...
Where are the limits of human technology? And can we somehow avoid them? This is where quantum computers become very interesting. Check out THE NOVA PROJECT to learn more about dark energy: www.nova.org.au Support us on Patreon so we can make more stuff: https://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt?ty=h Get the music of the video here: https://soundcloud.com/epicmountain/quantum-computers https://epicmountainmusic.bandcamp.com/track/quantum-computers http://epic-mountain.com Wakelet: https://wakelet.com/wake/42ji9UMJzN?v=st Or follow us on social media or reddit: http://kurzgesagt.org https://www.reddit.com/r/kurzgesagt https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt https://twitter.com/Kurz_Gesagt THANKS A LOT TO OUR LOVELY PATRONS FOR SUPPORTING US: Tamago231, H.H. Lewis, Kirin Tantinon, David...
Visit https://bugcrowd.com/jackktutorials to get started in your security research career! Donate towards the Raspberry Pi Cluster Computing video here: https://www.jackktutorials.com/?p=48 Visit JackkTutorials.com for more content! Including Blogs, Forums and Downloads. Use my G2A Referral link and help me out!: https://www.g2a.com/r/jackk1337 In this video I show you how to USB Drive By a computer and open a reverse shell on the PC. Inspired by the show Mr Robot ▂▃▅▆▇█ Resources used in this video █▇▆▅▃▂ USB Rubber Ducky - http://hakshop.myshopify.com/products/usb-rubber-ducky-deluxe?variant=353378649 MSFVenom Reverse TCP Payload - http://netsec.ws/?p=331 Metasploit Multi Handler - https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/meterpreter-backdoor/ ▂▃▅▆▇█Contact Detai...
1. Interface Definition 2. Interface on different operating systems 3. IBM's DOS as an example of the Command Line Interface 4. Command Line Interface 5. Graphical User Interface Subject: Basic Computers Lecture Capture Software: Camtasia 8 Presentation: PowerPoint 2007 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Techs4Ed Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/technologies4education Email: techs4ed@outlook.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Command Line Interface and Graphical User Interface Before we talk about the Command Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI), let us first define what an “interface” means. Let us Google it. A quick and simple definition is that it is “a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc., meet and ...
Mete Atamel (@meteatamel) shows how build and launch an ASP.NET Core app from Google Cloud Shell.
This seminar is for beginners who are new to the Unix shell. The command line based text terminal is the user interface (UI) to the Unix systems. It gives people a greater control than the Windows graphical UI over file access, manipulations and the execution of programs. It is a simple, yet powerful tool that allows people to do complex things such as storing/retrieving files from different folders by name, modifying a file, extracting lines within a certain range from a file, etc. with just a few keystrokes. Moreover the shell gives people the flexibility to combine existing programs and automate repetitive tasks so they can avoid manual, tedious operations. Use of the shell is also fundamental to using the computing resources at SHARCNET, as all the systems are running Linux and the she...
If you want to access the kernel you need to use a shell. You do so through a terminal window. Think of your computer is a candy-coated piece of milk chocolate. Your kernel is the milk chocolate inside and your shell is the hard candy outside. You can't communicate directly with the chocolate because it will melt in your hand. So you use the hard candy shell to interface with your kernel.
Shell is a term often used in computing. But what is it exactly. Simply put, shells are user interfaces that wrap around Operating System APIs. This video introduces shells and explains what they are. See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)
Part of a series teaching programming. See codeschool.org
Shell (computing) In computing, a shell is a user interface for access to an operating systems services In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface CLI or graphical user interface GUI, depending on a computers role and particular operation It is named a shell because it is a layer around the operating system kernel The design of a shell is guided by cognitive ergonomics and the goal is to achieve the best workflow possible for the intended tasks; the design can be constricted by the available computing power for example, of the CPU or the available amount of graphics memory The design of a shell is also dictated by the employed computer periphery, such as computer keyboard, pointing device a mouse with one button, or one with five buttons, or a 3D mouse or touch...
Where are the limits of human technology? And can we somehow avoid them? This is where quantum computers become very interesting. Check out THE NOVA PROJECT to learn more about dark energy: www.nova.org.au Support us on Patreon so we can make more stuff: https://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt?ty=h Get the music of the video here: https://soundcloud.com/epicmountain/quantum-computers https://epicmountainmusic.bandcamp.com/track/quantum-computers http://epic-mountain.com Wakelet: https://wakelet.com/wake/42ji9UMJzN?v=st Or follow us on social media or reddit: http://kurzgesagt.org https://www.reddit.com/r/kurzgesagt https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt https://twitter.com/Kurz_Gesagt THANKS A LOT TO OUR LOVELY PATRONS FOR SUPPORTING US: Tamago231, H.H. Lewis, Kirin Tantinon, David...
Visit https://bugcrowd.com/jackktutorials to get started in your security research career! Donate towards the Raspberry Pi Cluster Computing video here: https://www.jackktutorials.com/?p=48 Visit JackkTutorials.com for more content! Including Blogs, Forums and Downloads. Use my G2A Referral link and help me out!: https://www.g2a.com/r/jackk1337 In this video I show you how to USB Drive By a computer and open a reverse shell on the PC. Inspired by the show Mr Robot ▂▃▅▆▇█ Resources used in this video █▇▆▅▃▂ USB Rubber Ducky - http://hakshop.myshopify.com/products/usb-rubber-ducky-deluxe?variant=353378649 MSFVenom Reverse TCP Payload - http://netsec.ws/?p=331 Metasploit Multi Handler - https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/meterpreter-backdoor/ ▂▃▅▆▇█Contact Detai...
1. Interface Definition 2. Interface on different operating systems 3. IBM's DOS as an example of the Command Line Interface 4. Command Line Interface 5. Graphical User Interface Subject: Basic Computers Lecture Capture Software: Camtasia 8 Presentation: PowerPoint 2007 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Techs4Ed Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/technologies4education Email: techs4ed@outlook.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Command Line Interface and Graphical User Interface Before we talk about the Command Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI), let us first define what an “interface” means. Let us Google it. A quick and simple definition is that it is “a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc., meet and ...
Mete Atamel (@meteatamel) shows how build and launch an ASP.NET Core app from Google Cloud Shell.
This seminar is for beginners who are new to the Unix shell. The command line based text terminal is the user interface (UI) to the Unix systems. It gives people a greater control than the Windows graphical UI over file access, manipulations and the execution of programs. It is a simple, yet powerful tool that allows people to do complex things such as storing/retrieving files from different folders by name, modifying a file, extracting lines within a certain range from a file, etc. with just a few keystrokes. Moreover the shell gives people the flexibility to combine existing programs and automate repetitive tasks so they can avoid manual, tedious operations. Use of the shell is also fundamental to using the computing resources at SHARCNET, as all the systems are running Linux and the she...
The Collaborative Work Environment (CWE) is a flexible and multilateral instrument that integrates people, processes and technology. This improves the quality and speed of decision-making. Shell Smart Fields initiates and supports the implementation of CWE's for the Shell Group. The first one was build in Brunei. This film shows how it was done and how it works.
The reservoir of possibilities offered by the fundamental laws of Nature, is the key point in the development of science and technology. Quantum computing is the next step on the road to broaden our perspective from which we currently look at the Universe. The movie shows the history of progress in this fascinating field of science, introduces the most promising models and algorithms, explains the advantages of quantum computers over classical solutions, and finally presents wonderful people thanks to which the quality of our lives is constantly being improved. Even if you don't want to understand the video, please watch till the end at least to realise how big is the human thirst for knowledge. PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that all of the necessary information about the authors who were kind enou...
Info Level: Beginner Date Created: August 16, 2010 Length of Class: 47 Minutes Tracks Linux Prerequisites None Purpose of Class This class teaches students the basic concepts that they should understand before they start trying to work with Linux. Topics Covered What is Linux Distributions Open Source Licensing Shells Significance of ROOT Importance of Capitalization Server vs. Desktop versions What Linux is best at Class Notes Introduction Linux was created by Linus Torvalds between 1991 and 1994 Linux is not a version of Unix Distributions Once Linux was released to the public numerous institutions created their own versions of the operating system. These different versions are called Distributions, or Distros. Different Distros have different functionality. Open Source software ...
Abstract for talk: • my history and background • how and why we had to re write the shell • why I wrote my own memory management • key language design decisions • where those ideas came from • what was hard to get right • system changes we made to accommodate sh • what the rules were in UNIX group • what would I do differently today Background: Steve Bourne is computer scientist who is internationally known for his work on the UNIX operating system. While at Bell Laboratories, Steve designed the UNIX Command Language known as the "Bourne Shell". It is the standard command line interface to UNIX and is widely used today in scripting in the UNIX programming environment. Steve has a Bachelor's degree in mathematics from King's College London, England. He has a D...
Info Level: Intermediate Presenter: Eli the Computer Guy Date Created: 26 Minutes Length of Class: September 21, 2010 Tracks Linux Prerequisites Introduction to Linux Installing Linux Basic Linux Tasks VIM for File Editing Navigation in Linux Users, Groups and Permissions in Linux Linux Network Configuration Purpose of Class This class teaches students how to remotely administer their Linux servers using SSH, and to be able transfer files to and from the server using FTP. Topics Covered Install SSH Connecting to Server Using a Terminal Emulator Installing vsftpd for FTP Connecting to vsftpd using a FTP Client Class Notes SSH -- Secure Shell Install SSH on Server = sudo apt-get install ssh SSH Requires Port 22 Use a Terminal Emulator to Connect to the Server (PuTTy) FTP -- File Transf...
MIT 6.0001 Introduction to Computer Science and Programming in Python, Fall 2016 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/6-0001F16 Instructor: Dr. Ana Bell In this lecture, Dr. Bell introduces the theory of computation and explains some aspects of computational thinking. Programming languages are discussed, with an emphasis on basic Python syntax and data structures. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
This seminar is for beginners who are new to the Unix shell. The command line based text terminal is the user interface (UI) to the Unix systems. It gives people a greater control than the Windows graphical UI over file access, manipulations and the execution of programs. It is a simple, yet powerful tool that allows people to do complex things such as storing/retrieving files from different folders by name, modifying a file, extracting lines within a certain range from a file, etc. with just a few keystrokes. Moreover the shell gives people the flexibility to combine existing programs and automate repetitive tasks so they can avoid manual, tedious operations. Use of the shell is also fundamental to using the computing resources at SHARCNET, as all the systems are running Linux and the she...
Watch new AT&T; Archive films every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at http://techchannel.att.com/archives In the late 1960s, Bell Laboratories computer scientists Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson started work on a project that was inspired by an operating system called Multics, a joint project of MIT, GE, and Bell Labs. The host and narrator of this film, Victor Vyssotsky, also had worked on the Multics project. Ritchie and Thompson, recognizing some of the problems with the Multics OS, set out to create a more useful, flexible, and portable system for programmers to work with. What's fascinating about the growth of UNIX is the long amount of time that it was given to develop, almost organically, and based on the needs of the users and programmers. The first installation of the program w...
This talk will go over proper use of bash expansions (e.g., variable substitution) and their less well known forms (e.g., the remove matching prefix/suffix pattern). The former will mainly concern itself with how to use proper quoting to avoid as many word splitting issues as possible and the later with a whirlwind tour of the less common options available. _________________________________________________ This webinar was presented by Tyson Whitehead (SHARCNET) on February 3rd, 2016 as a part of a series of regular biweekly webinars ran by SHARCNET. The webinars cover different high performance computing (HPC) topics, are approximately 45 minutes in length, and are delivered by experts in the relevant fields. Further details can be found on this web page: https://www.sharcnet.ca/help...
In this session we meet with Brendan Burns to discuss some of the latest Azure announcements