Albert Robert Valentien

Albert Robert Valentien (1862–1925) was an American painter and ceramic artist, best known for his work as the chief decorator at Rookwood Pottery and for his watercolor paintings of botanical subjects. In 1908, he accepted a commission from philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps to illustrate the botanical diversity of California. Over the next ten years, he produced approximately 1200 watercolor "plant portraits" of California wildflowers, grasses, ferns, and trees. Valentien's paintings and art pottery work are represented in collections at the San Diego Natural History Museum, the Cincinnati Art Museum, the California State Library, the Los Angeles County Museum, and in private collections.

Biography

Valentien was born in Cincinnati, Ohio on May 11, 1862, to Anna Marie Wolter and Frederick Valentine. He studied art at the School of Design of the University of Cincinnati (later the Cincinnati Art Academy), working with Thomas S. Noble and Frank Duveneck. With fellow student John Rettig, Valentien studied decoration of china, learning underglazed pottery decoration from T(homas) J. Wheatley. He married artist Anna Marie Bookprinter (née Buchdrucker) in 1887. In that year, he joined Rookwood Pottery Company and led the art pottery's decoration department for the next twenty years.

Aër

The Aër (Greek: Ἀήρ, lit. the "air"; modern Greek: Αέρας; Slavonic: Воздýхъ, Vozdúkh) is the largest and outermost of the veils covering the Chalice and Diskos (paten) in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite. It is rectangular in shape and corresponds to the veil used to cover the chalice and paten in the Latin Rite, but is larger. It is often made of the same material and color as the vestments of the officiating priest, and often has a fringe going all the way around its edge. Tassels may also be sewn at each of the corners.

It takes its name either from the lightness of the material of which it is made, or from the fact that during the Nicene Creed in the Divine Liturgy, the priest holds it high in the air and waves it slowly over the Chalice and Diskos. Its original use was to cover the Chalice and prevent anything from falling into it before the consecration. It symbolizes the swaddling clothes with which Christ was wrapped at his Nativity, and also the grave clothes in which he was wrapped at his burial (both themes are found in the text of the Liturgy of Preparation).

Ağrı

Ağrı, formerly known as Karaköse (Kurdish: Qerekose‎) from the early Turkish republican period until 1946, and before that as Karakilisa (also rendered as Karakilise) (Ottoman: قره‌کلیسا), is the capital of Ağrı Province at the eastern end of Turkey, near the border with Iran.

History

In the Ottoman Empire era the area was called Şorbulak. The current town centre was founded around 1860 by a group of Armenian merchants from Bitlis with the name Karakilise ("the black church") that became known to the local population as Karakise and this version was turned officially to Karaköse at the beginning of the Republican era. This name was changed to Ağrı by 1946.

In the medieval period, the district's administrative centre was located at Alashkert, once an important town. The "kara kilise" that gave the town its name was a medieval Armenian church. In 1895 Lynch stayed in Karakilise and wrote that it had between 1500-2000 inhabitants, was nearly two-thirds Armenian, and that a barracks for a locally-recruited Kurdish Hamidiyeh regiment had been recently located in the town.

Çağrı

Çağrı is a unisex Turkish given name. In Turkish, "Çağrı" means "The Call", "Appellation", and/or "Distinction". It also means "Falcon". Notable people with the name include:

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