- published: 04 Sep 2015
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An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. While generally reserved for professional space travelers, the terms are sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists.
Until 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military, or by civilian space agencies. With the sub-orbital flight of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.
The criteria for what constitutes human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) Sporting Code for astronautics recognizes only flights that exceed an altitude of 100 kilometers (62 mi). In the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 km) are awarded astronaut wings.
As of June 20, 2011, a total of 523 people from 38 countries have reached 100 km (62 mi) or more in altitude, of which 520 reached low Earth orbit or beyond. Of these, 24 people have traveled beyond Low Earth orbit, to either lunar or trans-lunar orbit or to the surface of the moon; three of the 24 did so twice: Jim Lovell, John Young and Eugene Cernan. The three astronauts who have not reached low Earth orbit are Joe Walker, Mike Melvill and Brian Binnie.
Actors: Romuald Boulanger (producer), Romuald Boulanger (actor), Romuald Boulanger (writer), Neil Patrick Harris (actor), Justin Steele (producer), Stéphane Marelli (editor), Stéphane Marelli (director), Eric Michaels (actor), James Cooney (actor), Chuck Lines (actor), Michael Jeanpert (editor), Jean-Pascal Caravano (composer), Jordan Avtal (actor), Serena Prentergast (actress), Joan Kushell (actress),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: June Diane Raphael (actress), Marc Evan Jackson (actor), Greg Tuculescu (actor), Angelina Spicer (actress), Brian Flaherty (actor), Connor Barrett (actor), Edmund Wyson (actor), Clint Brink (actor), Brittani Zonker (actress),
Genres: Comedy,Actors: Lori A. Balton (miscellaneous crew), Adam McKay (producer), Ryan Kavanaugh (producer), Michael Papajohn (actor), Douglas Tait (actor), Michael Giacchino (composer), Jorma Taccone (actor), Leonard Nimoy (actor), Matt Lauer (actor), Will Ferrell (actor), Daamen J. Krall (actor), Brian Huskey (actor), John Boylan (actor), Randy Miller (miscellaneous crew), Peter McKernan (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: Palaeontologist Rick Marshall takes Will and Holly into a new world of danger, dinosaurs and big bug-eyed lizard people while trying to find their way back home and, too, save the universe and in doing so saving his reputation. With the dinosaur with brains, brawn and personality and the adventure of scientific advancement and exotic beasts in a far away land, it all adds up to time traveling fun and frolics.
Keywords: 2000s, airplane, allosaurus, alternate-dimension, alternate-world, army, astronaut, banjo, bare-breasts, bare-chested-maleActors: Clarke Mackey (actor), Breean Hougesen (writer), Breean Hougesen (director), Breean Hougesen (editor), Breean Hougesen (producer), Breean Hougesen (actor), Dave Bedrich (actor), Dave Bedrich (writer), Dave Bedrich (director), Linda Graham (actress), Frank Burke (actor), Mark Griffin (actor), Meri Diamond (actress), Blaine Allan (actor),
Plot: A cross between An Inconvenient Truth, March of the Penguins and Planet of the Apes where through human greed, penguins have lost their habitat. Penguins decide to retaliate and they kill all of humanity. Once the humans are gone penguins, like humans, decide to destroy each other in nuclear holocaust. Meanwhile, out in space, two astronauts are catapulted across the universe to crash-land on a planet strikingly similar to Earth...
Genres: Animation, Short,Actors: Nick Oceano (editor), Sebastian Davis (director), Sebastian Davis (writer), Barry O'Rourke (actor), Kim Kutner (actress), Cyrus Alexander (actor), Mark R. Gerson (actor), Zachary Gray (actor), Jessica Diaz (actress), Jonathan Bernbaum (editor), Jack Conte (composer), Krishnan Unnikrishnan (producer), Gary Bley (actor), Tommy Anker (actor), Carly Althoff (producer),
Genres: Drama, Short,Actors: Clemens Steiger (director), Clemens Steiger (editor), Clemens Steiger (writer), Kaspar Baechi (actor), Kaspar Baechi (actor), Annabel Binder (actress), Matthew Harte (actor),
Genres: Animation, Short,Actors: Paolo Villaggio (actor), Massimo Morini (actor), Massimo Morini (writer), Massimo Morini (actor), Massimo Morini (director), Gian (actor), Dario Vergassola (actor), Giorgio Gherarducci (actor), Shorty (actor), Massimo Bosso (actor), Michele Badinelli (editor), Michele Badinelli (producer), Bruno Lauzi (actor), Carlo Taranto (actor), Marco Santin (actor),
Plot: In the past decades there was many UFO sights and abduction in nord Italy, and an old prophecy know only to Vatican high prelate talk of some "living being" that must come. In "31 april 2004" some spaceships arrive in Genoa, their pilots are part of a millions years old human species, that leave the Earth eones ago. After a brief period of friendship and cultural exchange the alien take control of the city during a big football match...
Genres: Sci-Fi,Actors: Wayne Rogers (actor), James Craig (actor), Mike Farrell (actor), Henry Wilcoxon (actor), Casey Kasem (actor), Ruta Lee (actress), Ted Markland (actor), Essie Lin Chia (actress), Bobby Van (actor), Mala Powers (actress), Denny Miller (actor), Grant Williams (actor), Mark Bailey (actor), Mark Bailey (actor), Lee Sholem (director),
Plot: Spies discover that the Red Chinese have built a "doomsday machine" capable of destroying the surface of the Earth, and that they plan to use it within a matter of days. Meanwhile, Project Astra, a manned U.S. space mission to Venus, is in its final hours before launch when it is taken over by the military and nearly half of its all-male crew is replaced by women. The reason for this becomes apparent when, shortly after Astra leaves orbit, the Earth is completely destroyed in a global cataclysm! Is the human race doomed? What dangers and wonders await the crew of the Astra on their journey to Venus?
Keywords: astronaut, bare-chested-male, disguise, doomsday-device, end-of-the-world, explosive-decompression, german-shepherd, house-cat, hysteria, independent-filmActors: Alan Gifford (actor), Robert Beatty (actor), Pamela Carlton (miscellaneous crew), Randee Lynne Jensen (miscellaneous crew), Keir Dullea (actor), Stanley Kubrick (director), Ed Bishop (actor), Stanley Kubrick (writer), Stanley Kubrick (producer), Leonard Rossiter (actor), Margaret Tyzack (actress), Ann Gillis (actress), William Sylvester (actor), Sean Sullivan (actor), Arthur C. Clarke (writer),
Plot: "2001" is a story of evolution. Sometime in the distant past, someone or something nudged evolution by placing a monolith on Earth (presumably elsewhere throughout the universe as well). Evolution then enabled humankind to reach the moon's surface, where yet another monolith is found, one that signals the monolith placers that humankind has evolved that far. Now a race begins between computers (HAL) and human (Bowman) to reach the monolith placers. The winner will achieve the next step in evolution, whatever that may be.
Keywords: 2000s, 70mm-film, aging, airline, airlock, alien, alien-contact, alien-intelligence, alien-technology, ambiguous-endingActors: Frank Capra (director), Mel Blanc (actor), Mel Blanc (actor), Mel Blanc (actor), Paul Frees (actor), Paul Frees (actor), Charles Lane (actor), John Litel (actor), Sid Melton (actor), Alan Reed (actor), Danny Thomas (actor), Danny Thomas (actor), Doodles Weaver (actor), June Foray (actress), Frank Capra (producer),
Plot: Frank Capra's last film was a documentary for Martin Marietta Corporation, shown at the Hall of Science Pavilion of the New York World's Fair of 1964-1965. After a series of scenes of Earth from space, narrator Danny Thomas gets various opinions on space travel from "the man in the street" (actually, actor Sid Melton and players from other Capra films like Charles Lane, Alan Reed, Doodles Weaver and John Litel, plus a black woman, an Asian man, a heavyset woman, a man with a large family, and a no-nonsense type who says knowledge isn't expensive, ignorance is.) Animated sections illustrate the invention of gunpowder, a typical space shuttle visit to resupply a space station, and the problems to be overcome living for long periods in space.
Genres: Documentary, Short,