Dalvik (software)

Dalvik is a discontinuedprocess virtual machine (VM) in Google's Android operating system that executes applications written for Android. Dalvik is an integral part of the Android software stack in Android versions 4.4 "KitKat" and earlier, which is typically used on mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers, and more recently on devices such as smart TVs and wearables. Dalvik is open-source software, originally written by Dan Bornstein, who named it after the fishing village of Dalvík in Eyjafjörður, Iceland.

Programs for Android are commonly written in Java and compiled to bytecode for the Java virtual machine, which is then translated to Dalvik bytecode and stored in .dex (Dalvik EXecutable) and .odex (Optimized Dalvik EXecutable) files; related terms odex and de-odex are associated with respective bytecode conversions. The compact Dalvik Executable format is designed for systems that are constrained in terms of memory and processor speed.

The successor of Dalvik is Android Runtime (ART), which uses the same bytecode and .dex files (but not .odex files), with the succession aiming at performance improvements transparent to the end users. The new runtime environment was included for the first time in Android 4.4 "KitKat" as a technology preview, and replaced Dalvik entirely in later versions; Android 5.0 "Lollipop" is the first version in which ART is the only included runtime.

DEX (protocol)

DEX (data exchange) is a format for collecting audit and event data from vending machines.

DEX was introduced in the late 1980s by bottlers who provided product to vending machines. It was intended to improve auditing of vending machines, simplify inventory management. DEX records cash in/out, product movement and other audit data. The format was adopted as a standard by the National Automatic Merchandising Association Technology Committee after it was already in use by bottlers. It was included in NAMA VDI version 1.0, announced in 2009.

References

Reason

Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, applying logic, establishing and verifying facts, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information. It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, science, language, mathematics, and art and is normally considered to be a definitive characteristic of human nature. The concept of reason is sometimes referred to as rationality and sometimes as discursive reason, in opposition to intuitive reason.

Reason or "reasoning" is associated with thinking, cognition, and intellect. Reason, like habit or intuition, is one of the ways by which thinking comes from one idea to a related idea. For example, it is the means by which rational beings understand themselves to think about cause and effect, truth and falsehood, and what is good or bad. It is also closely identified with the ability to self-consciously change beliefs, attitudes, traditions, and institutions, and therefore with the capacity for freedom and self-determination.

Reason (Nami Tamaki song)

"Reason" is the 6th single release from J-Pop artist Nami Tamaki. It was released on 11-10-2004, and ranked #2 on the Oricon charts. It also was used as the ending theme to the anime Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny, as well as an insert song for an episode of the anime Code Geass.

Track listing

Disambiguation

Reason (Selah Sue album)

Reason is the second studio album by the Belgian recording artist Selah Sue. Distributed by Warner Music Group, it was released by Because Music on March 26, 2015.

Track listing

^{^[A]} denotes co-producer

Charts

References

External links

Give (Balkan Beat Box album)

Give is the fourth studio album by the Israeli electronica-world fusion trio Balkan Beat Box.

Critical reception

Give received generally favorable reviews from critics, with the exception of a D- from Consequence of Sound's Alex Young. Young wrote that on the album, "the band is able to put checkmarks in all the Balkan Beat Box boxes but fail to meet the standards they set previously in any of them."

Track listing

Charts

Personnel

References

Cold (Cold album)

Cold is the debut album by American alternative metal band Cold. The album produced two singles: "Go Away" and "Give."

Track listing

All tracks written by Scooter Ward.

Reception

Allmusic gave the album four out of five stars stating "Cold's songwriting isn't always great and they're too concerned with adolescent angst and horror ("Everyone Dies," "Insane," "Serial Killer," etc.), but the band's sound is fully formed, resulting in a strong debut."

Although the album didn't have excellent sales and lacked heavy promotion, it was ranked the 9th best album of 1998 by Kerrang!

Personnel

Production