- published: 08 Dec 2015
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An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. While generally reserved for professional space travelers, the terms are sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists.
Until 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military, or by civilian space agencies. With the sub-orbital flight of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.
The criteria for what constitutes human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) Sporting Code for astronautics recognizes only flights that exceed an altitude of 100 kilometers (62 mi). In the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 km) are awarded astronaut wings.
As of June 20, 2011, a total of 523 people from 38 countries have reached 100 km (62 mi) or more in altitude, of which 520 reached low Earth orbit or beyond. Of these, 24 people have traveled beyond Low Earth orbit, to either lunar or trans-lunar orbit or to the surface of the moon; three of the 24 did so twice: Jim Lovell, John Young and Eugene Cernan. The three astronauts who have not reached low Earth orbit are Joe Walker, Mike Melvill and Brian Binnie.
Actors: Alexander Laird (editor), Alexander Laird (miscellaneous crew), Alexander Laird (director), Alexander Laird (miscellaneous crew), Alexander Laird (producer), Alexander Laird (writer), Alexander Laird (writer), Jason Szimmer (actor), Taylor Craig (actor), Alex Swift (miscellaneous crew), Aiden Bokrossy (producer), Robert Laird (composer),
Genres: Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi, Short,Actors: Jack Feldstein (producer), Peter Haas (director), Peter Haas (editor), Justin Schultz (actor), Lawrence McGovern (producer), Sean R. Smith (miscellaneous crew), George Wallace (writer), Roxanne Palmer (actor),
Genres: Animation, Comedy, Sci-Fi, Short,Actors: Ravil Isyanov (actor), Ian Edward Weir (editor), Ian Edward Weir (composer), Su Hyun Kim (producer), Clayton Hable (writer), Clayton Hable (director), Patrick Keckler (actor), Anne Keckler (actress),
Plot: Orbiting earth in Space Station Mir, a Lone Cosmonaut is unable to see the fall of the iron Curtain. Silent calls of the haclyon blue orb emphasize his disconnection with the entirety of human existence, while only thin layers of terrestrially forged metal separate life from the deadly vacuum of space. Devoid of all communication, dwindling supplies and failing equipment push his body and mind to unenviable extremes as time stretches into the outer Cosmos. What was once an orderly and harmonious system reveals itself as a chaotic nebula, a clouded assembly of disparate elements. With the promise of contact never realized, hope of rescue freezes to absolute zero. Childhood images unite past with present, and earth with the universe, which facilitates an otherwise impossible homecoming, a reunion between communist and community. This attempt to control the course of the future ensures the direction of the past. With life's orbit fully realized, the harmonious order of the Cosmos is restored.
Keywords: one-word-titleActors: Shole Hejazi (director), Jean Ziegler (actor), Muhammad Yunus (actor), Jaime Estrada Torres (editor), Antonio Pozueco (producer), Trilok Gurtu (actor), Federico Mayor Zaragoza (actor), Ramón Tamames (actor), Victor Andresco (writer), Matilde Cuadro (miscellaneous crew), Amin Maalouf (actor), Silvia Pizarro (editor), John Woodhill (actor), Mauricio Sotelo (composer), Pedram Yazdani (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A walking girl innocently observes the evolution of humankind alongside her own. Learning, real understanding, war, poverty, mass media, and what the future has in store for us. These are some of the issues she reflects upon with the experienced help in the form of insights provided by: philosophers (Rafael Argullol), doctors (Sir John Woodhall), writers (Amin Maalouf), musicians (Trilok Gurtu), professors (Ramón Tamames, Federico Mayor Zaragoza), social workers (Bani Dugal, Linda Kavelin-Popov, Gustavo Correa, Alberto Pérez), promoters of new economic systems (Muhammad Yunus, Jean Ziegler). She finally arrives at the conclusion that "the future, contrary to certain theories, does not write itself. We write the future."
Keywords: essay, human-rightsActors: Todd A. Robinson (actor), David F. Walker (producer), Michael J. Prosser (actor), C.K. Lichenstein II (producer), C.K. Lichenstein II (miscellaneous crew), C.K. Lichenstein II (actor), K. Adithya Ashok (miscellaneous crew), K. Adithya Ashok (actor), Vincent Caldoni (actor), David Emerson Jackson (actor), Drew Barrios (actor), Susan Moen (actress), Gray Eubank (actor), Haley Talbot (actress), Jamie Pulliam (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: The French isn't your ordinary band. Their lead guitarist is an accountant obsessed with breath mints. The bassist talks to his leg and lives by the train tracks. The drummer works to smash the state. They have no fans, no fame, and no future, but try telling that to lead singer Christian. Monday Night Gig is a comedy for anyone who's followed their dreams, no matter where they lead. And for anyone who just pulled up their skirts... and played.
Keywords: bad-breath, bong-hits, christian, dream, female-drummer, folk-music, french, hooker, rock-bandActors: Vladimir Divljan (composer), Vladimir Divljan (actor), Vladimir Divljan (actor), Melanie Coombs (producer), Michael James Rowland (director), Michael James Rowland (writer), Jeff Allan (actor), Ben McIvor (actor), Adam Cahill (actor), Guy Chapman (actor), Luke Quinton (actor), Jennifer Cloher (actress), Serge Golikov (actor), Chris Nolletamby (actor), Nancy Muqing Wu (editor),
Genres: Drama, Short,Actors: Petr Mrkous (editor), Benjamin Tucek (writer), Benjamin Tucek (director), Lenka Vychodilová (actress), Jirí Burda (actor), Kamil Svejda (actor), Jirí Malek (writer),
Genres: Short,Actors: Igor Tolstunov (producer), Lev Durov (actor), Valentin Gaft (actor), Viktor Pavlov (actor), Oleg Tabakov (actor), Vladimir Mashkov (director), Vladimir Mashkov (actor), Nikolay Fomenko (actor), Lyudmila Davydova (actress), Elena Shevchenko (actress), Vera Kruglova (editor), Sergey Kozlov (producer), Fyodor Valikov (actor), Oleg Antonov (writer), Mikhail Filipchuk (actor),
Plot: A Christmas story, almost a fairy tale. An ordinary Russian girl brought up without a father could not even think that one fine day she would find him. And who could suppose that three "fathers" at once would pretend to the role?
Genres: Comedy, Romance,Actors: Gene Hackman (actor), Christopher Reeve (actor), Derek Lyons (actor), Gene Hackman (actor), William Hootkins (actor), Mac McDonald (actor), Eugene Lipinski (actor), Jackie Cooper (actor), Robert Beatty (actor), Jon Cryer (actor), Esmond Knight (actor), Jim Broadbent (actor), Marc McClure (actor), Kerry Shale (actor), Christopher Reeve (actor),
Plot: Superman does a lot in his newest adventure. Archvillain Lex Luthor, determined to make the world safe for nuclear arms merchants, creates a new being to challenge the Man of Steel: the radiation-charged Nuclear Man. The two super-powered foes clash in an explosive screen extranvaganza that sees Superman save the Statue of Liberty, repulse a volcanic eruption of Mount Etna, rebuild the demolished Great Wall of China and perform many more spetactular feats.
Keywords: 1980s, action-hero, action-violence, adapted-score, adidas-clothing, aerobics, aerobics-class, air-force-base, airforce-one, alter-egoActors: Mel Blanc (actor), Mel Blanc (actor), Mel Blanc (actor), Mel Blanc (actor), David H. DePatie (producer), Friz Freleng (producer), David Detiege (writer), William Lava (composer), Robert McKimson (director), Lee Gunther (editor),
Plot: Daffy Duck goes to a forest on a gold hunt, and his treasure map indicates the presence of gold in a hole occupied by two polite twin gophers, who must fight back when Daffy violently tries to remove them from their home.
Keywords: cartoon-duck, cartoon-gopher, gold, gold-prospector, goofy-gophers, looney-tunes, reference-to-daffy-duck, surrealism, treasure-mapYoung girl can you tell me what you're looking for?
Down this never ending highway
Wipe your, your tears away
Listen, hear what I say
Sitting here with nothing on my mind
Could you possibly afford the time?
Are we looking for the only cosmonaut?
The only cosmonaut
Young girl can you tell me where do you go?
Delirious, the only way that you know
Sitting here with nothing on my mind
Could you possibly afford the time?
Are we looking for the only cosmonaut?
The only cosmonaut
The only cosmonaut
The only cosmonaut
We traveled far off into space
No longer part of any race
All worldly pleasures left behind
No longer part of our own kind
The only cosmonaut
The only cosmonaut
The only cosmonaut