Ottoman Hungary

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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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RADIO STATION	GENRE	LOCATION
Tilos Rádió	Indie	Hungary
Baranya Rádió	Varied	Hungary
Gazdasagi Radio	Jazz,Blues,World	Hungary
Sunshine FM 99.4	Varied	Hungary
Rádió Pink	Dance	Hungary
Forrás Rádió	Varied	Hungary
Lánchíd Rádió	Varied	Hungary
Class FM (HU)	Varied	Hungary
Rockvilág Live!	Rock	Hungary
Picur Radio	Kids	Hungary
MixRadio 1	Dance	Hungary
Rádió 6 (HU)	90s	Hungary
MR4-Nemzetiségi adások	Varied	Hungary
XFM Magyarország	Ambient,Dance,Electronica	Hungary
CEU Medieval Radio	College	Hungary
MR1-Kossuth Rádió	Varied	Hungary
Nyugat Rádió FM 88.4	Varied	Hungary
Neston	Pop	Hungary
CSABA RADIO	Rock,90s,Pop	Hungary
Rockvilág Magyar Csatorna	Rock	Hungary
MR5-Parlamenti adások	Varied	Hungary
Kanizsa Rádió Nagykanizsa	80s	Hungary
Radio Max Debrecen 106.0	Pop	Hungary
Fehérvár Radio	Pop	Hungary
Rockvilág Metal	Rock	Hungary
Info Radio	News,Talk,Public	Hungary
Rádió 8 Körmend	Contemporary	Hungary
Tamási Rádió	Varied	Hungary
Lakihegy Radio	Pop	Hungary
Best of Rock FM	Rock	Hungary
EPER 97.0 Budapest	College	Hungary
Callisto Radio	90s,80s,70s	Hungary
LuxFunk Rádió	R&B;	Hungary
Duna World Radio	News,Public	Hungary
radióTOP Kazincbarcika	Unknown	Hungary
Radio Maria Hungary	Religious	Hungary
Rádió1	Pop	Hungary
MR7	Varied	Hungary
Kék Duna Rádió	90s,80s,Adult Contemporary	Hungary
Aqua Rádió Barcs	Varied	Hungary
Folkradio.hu	Folk,World Europe	Hungary
Rádió M	Pop	Hungary
MR2-Petőfi Rádió	Varied	Hungary
MixRadio 2	Dance	Hungary
Szolnok FM 90.4	Top 40	Hungary
MR3-Bartók Rádió	Classical	Hungary
Radio Q Hungary	Varied	Hungary
Golgota Radio	Gospel,Religious	Hungary
Rádió 35 Tiszaújváros	Pop	Hungary
Civil Rádió	Talk	Hungary
Ha-Jó Rádió	Varied	Hungary

Battle of Mohacs (Turko-Hungary War - 29 August 1526)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 11:58
Updated: 03 Sep 2014
author: AVPaylasim

This video is a scene from Turkish series the Muhteşem Yüzyıl (Magnificent Century): Ing: Battle of Mohács - Turkish: Mohaç Meydan Muharebesi Charles of Germ...

http://wn.com/Battle_of_Mohacs_(Turko-Hungary_War_-_29_August_1526)

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The History Of Ottoman Hungary

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Duration: 14:47
Updated: 26 May 2014
author: OttomanHarem

Ottoman Hungary refers to the parts of the Ottoman Empire situated in the territory of modern Hungary, in the period from 1541 to 1699. Ottoman rule covered ...

http://wn.com/The_History_Of_Ottoman_Hungary

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Empires before World War I

Order: Reorder
Duration: 7:37
Updated: 06 Sep 2014
author: Khan Academy

Austria-Hungary. Ottoman empire. British, German, French and Russian empires. More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=IyoUWRAharQ.

http://wn.com/Empires_before_World_War_I

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HUNGARIAN HEROISM: Siege of Eger 1552

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:34
Updated: 05 Jul 2009

Hungarian Kingdom, the Bastion of the Christianity stopped a big Ottoman invasion.

http://wn.com/HUNGARIAN_HEROISM_Siege_of_Eger_1552

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Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica: Hungary Pt 2 - Ottomans Intervene!

Order: Reorder
Duration: 23:23
Updated: 30 Aug 2014
author: BAStartGaming

Europa Universalis 4 Res Publica Let's Play/Gameplay of Hungary! Please subscribe to see more from this series http://www.youtube.com/user/bastartgaming?sub_...

http://wn.com/Europa_Universalis_IV_Res_Publica_Hungary_Pt_2_-_Ottomans_Intervene!

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The Wars Between Hungary And The Ottoman Empire

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Duration: 20:12
Updated: 17 Jun 2014
author: OttomanHarem

The Ottoman--Hungarian Wars were a series of battles between the Ottoman Empire and the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Following the Byzantine Civil War, the O...

http://wn.com/The_Wars_Between_Hungary_And_The_Ottoman_Empire

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Clash Of Clans Magyarul | HUNGARY | Clan War | OTTOMAN-ELITE

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Duration: 18:42
Updated: 25 Mar 2015

Szerezz ingyenesen gemet a Feature Point segítségével! Használd ezt a linket, featu.re/XXTHBS Vagy amikor először elkezded a Feature Pointsot akkor írjad be a MEGHÍVÓ kódomat! XXTHBS Köszöntelek a csatornámon! | A csatornán találhatóak base buildek | Bázis értékelő vidók | Clan War-ról videók | Különleges videók | és még megannyi érdekesség!  Gyere vissza minden nap a csatornára, újabb videókért! IRATKOZZ FEL: http://goo.gl/9Myq5R MÁSODIK CSATORNÁM: http://goo.gl/9DaWCb FACEBOOK: http://goo.gl/4Y0QSt INSTAGRAM: http://goo.gl/4FmQEm INTRO ZENE: http://goo.gl/KqcW6Q ╔═╦╗╔╦╗╔═╦═╦╦╦╦╗╔═╗ ║╚╣║║║╚╣╚╣╔╣╔╣║╚╣═╣ ╠╗║╚╝║║╠╗║╚╣║║║║║═╣ ╚═╩══╩═╩═╩═╩╝╚╩═╩═╝

http://wn.com/Clash_Of_Clans_Magyarul_|_HUNGARY_|_Clan_War_|_OTTOMAN-ELITE

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Hungarian Kingdom with Serbian defenders vs. Ottoman empire ~ 1521

Order: Reorder
Duration: 2:03
Updated: 04 Sep 2014
author: conor845

Video by CroPETROforever uploaded to my channel. 22/10/2011 ~ Changed title at repeated request.

http://wn.com/Hungarian_Kingdom_with_Serbian_defenders_vs._Ottoman_empire_~_1521

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Documentary Ottoman Empire The War Machine History Documenta

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Duration: 90:52
Updated: 22 Jun 2014
author: Quincy Panthea

Ottoman Empire: The War Machine - History Documentary This History Channel documentary traces the Ottoman Empire from its beginnings in the 14th century to i...

http://wn.com/Documentary_Ottoman_Empire_The_War_Machine_History_Documenta

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How The Ottoman Empire Lost Bosnia To The Austro-Hungarian Empire

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Duration: 6:21
Updated: 31 Oct 2014

The campaign to establish Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina lasted from 29 July to 20 October 1878 against the local resistance fighters supported by the Ottoman Empire. The Austro-Hungarians entered the country in two large movements: one from the north into Bosnia, and another from the south into Herzegovina. After a series of battles in August, culminating in the fall of Sarajevo on the 19th, after a day of street-to-street fighting. In the hilly countryside a guerrilla campaign continued until the last rebel stronghold fell after their leader was captured. Article 25 of the Treaty of Berlin of 13 July 1878 granted the Austro-Hungarian Empire authority to occupy the vilayet of Bosnia and Herzegovina indefinitely, taking on its military defence and civil administration. The Austro-Hungarians also received the right to indefinitely occupy strategic posts in the sanjak of Novi Pazar. Although the Ottomans protested the occuption of Novi Pazar, the Imperial and Royal (K.u.K.) Foreign Minister Gyula Andrássy secretly assured the former that the occupation in Novi Pazar was "to be regarded as provisional". This Austro-Hungarian expansion southward at the expense of the Ottoman Empire was designed to prevent the extension of Russian influence and the union of Serbia and Montenegro. The Austro-Hungarians expected no trouble in carrying out their occupation. It would be, in Andrassy's words, "a walk with a brass band" (Spaziergang mit einer Blasmusikkapelle). This opinion did not take into account that the Serbs had just fought a war for independence from Turkey, while Herzegovina had revolted. Resistance to the Austro-Hungarian takeover came mainly from the Serbian Orthodox element (43% of the population) and the Muslim Bosniak element (39%), barely at all from the Croatian Catholics (18%). The Muslim population stood to lose the most under the new Christian government. The resistors were characterised by the Austro-Hungarian government as "uncivilised" (unzivilisiert) and "treacherous" (verräterisch) The original occupying force, the 13th Corps under General Josip Filipović, crossed the river Sava near Kostajnica and Gradiška. The various Abteilungen assembled at Banja Luka and advanced down the road on the left side of the Vrbas river.[4] They encountered resistance by local Muslims under the dervish Hadži Loja, supported (almost openly) the evacuating Ottoman troops. On 3 August a troop of hussars was ambushed near Maglaj on the Bosna river, prompting Filipović to institute martial law. On 7 August a pitched battle was fought near Jajce and the Austro-Hungarian infantry lost 600 men. A second occupying force, the 18th Division of 9,000 men under General Stjepan Jovanović, advanced out of Austrian Dalmatia along the Neretva. On 5 August the division captured Mostar, the chief city of Herzegovina. On 13 August at Ravnice in Herzegovina more than 70 Hungarian officers and soldiers were killed in action. In response, the Empire mobilised the 3rd, 4th and 5th Corps. On 19 August the Bosnian capital, Sarajevo, a town of 50,000 inhabitants at the time, was captured only after the deployment of 52 guns and violent street fighting. A day earlier Filipović had arrested the former Ottoman governor, Hafiz Pasha.[3] A formal report of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff remarked "small windows and numerous roof gaps allowed the discharge of fire in different directions and the most sustainable defense" and "the accused insurgents, in the nearest houses, barricaded all entrances and kept up a destructive fire against the infantry."[a] According to Filipović's own account: "There ensued one of the most terrible battles conceivable. The troops were fired upon from every house, from every window, from each split door; and even women took part. Located at the western entrance to the city, the military hospital was full of sick and wounded insurgents. . ." The occupiers lost 57 killed and 314 wounded of the 13,000 soldiers employed in the operation. They estimated the insurgent fatalities at 300, but made no effort to estimate civilian casualties. In the days following there were many executions of accused rebels following summary trials.

http://wn.com/How_The_Ottoman_Empire_Lost_Bosnia_To_The_Austro-Hungarian_Empire

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Venice and the Ottoman Empire: Crash Course World History #19

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Duration: 10:12
Updated: 05 Sep 2014
author: CrashCourse

In which John Green discusses the strange and mutually beneficial relationship between a republic, the citystate of Venice, and an Empire, the Ottomans--and ...

http://wn.com/Venice_and_the_Ottoman_Empire_Crash_Course_World_History_19

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Mohaç Muharebesi Warband Ottoman Empire vs Hungary

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:23
Updated: 11 Aug 2014
author: KanDamLasi2

Oyunda çekmiş olduğum mohaç muharebesinin Muhteşem Yüzyıl seslendirmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Oyun adı Mount&Blade; Warband Ottoman Package. http://www.tamsurum...

http://wn.com/Mohaç_Muharebesi_Warband_Ottoman_Empire_vs_Hungary

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Hungarian archeologists close to finding heart of legendary Ottoman leader Suleiman the Magnificent

Order: Reorder
Duration: 0:50
Updated: 22 Sep 2013

Hungarian scientists have said they are a step closer to finding the long-sought-after heart of former Ottoman Empire leader Suleiman the Magnificent. Hopes have been raised after the archeologists found the remains of an Ottoman-era town in southern Hungary close to where the sultan died in 1566.

http://wn.com/Hungarian_archeologists_close_to_finding_heart_of_legendary_Ottoman_leader_Suleiman_the_Magnificent

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Mohaç Muharebesi | Ottoman vs Hungary | Mount And Blade Warband

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:17
Updated: 12 Mar 2014

Arkadaşlar seslendirmeleri Muhteşem Yüzyıldan Aldım Oynadığım Oyunun adı = Mount And Blade Warband Oynadığım Modun Adı= Osmanlı Balkanların Fethi Linkler = Mount and Blade Warband = http://www.taleworlds.com/en/Games/Warband/Download Osmanlı Balkanların Fethi = http://obfmod.10tl.net/showthread.php?tid=6 (üye olmanız gerekiyor)

http://wn.com/Mohaç_Muharebesi_|_Ottoman_vs_Hungary_|_Mount_And_Blade_Warband

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Ottoman culture revived in Hungary at festival

Order: Reorder
Duration: 1:46
Updated: 02 Aug 2015

The Ottoman-Hungarian Festival was held in the Hungarian county of Veszprem to display the lifestyle and culture of the Hungarian community under the Ottoman Empire. A reenactment also took place with Hungarian actors wearing Ottoman Janissary costumes impersonating Ottoman soldiers and fighting with the Hungarians in front of the Varpalota Fortress. Visitors were offered Turkish coffee as well as traditional Ottoman desserts. Speaking at the festival, the representative of the Turkish Cyprus in Budapest, Arif Altay, said that locals in Veszprem had the chance to get to know Turkish Cyprus better and continued: "By attending the Ottoman-Hungarian Festival in Veszprem, we also find a place to promote our country and culture as well. We handed out booklets informing people about the tourist activities in our country." He said they have witnessed how much the people of Veszprem admire Ottoman culture and the Ottomans. "It is good that people reenact one of the wars of the period. They are trying to pass their love for the Ottomans down to their children through this festival," he said. Peter Csepin, the coordinator of the festival, said that the Ottoman Empire ruled in the region for a very long time and added that their aim is to educate people about the lifestyle of the people who lived under Ottoman rule. He said: "There were not only wars and fights between the Ottomans and Hungarians. Hungarians met in the hamams, drank coffee, had tulips and many other new things for the first time during Ottoman rule. Through the festival we held today, we want to display to people two nations who have lived together for many years. Ottoman and Hungarian culture interacted with each other during those long years together."

http://wn.com/Ottoman_culture_revived_in_Hungary_at_festival

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The Graphic Rise And Fall Of The Ottoman Empire

Order: Reorder
Duration: 1:06
Updated: 20 Mar 2015

With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire controlled nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turkish-Mongolian leader Timur invaded Anatolia from the east. In the Battle of Ankara in 1402, Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner, throwing the empire into disorder. The ensuing civil war lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmet I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power, bringing an end to the Interregnum, also known as the Fetret Devri. Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of Hungary) and János Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, the final battle of the Crusade of Varna, although Albanians under Skanderbeg continued to resist. Four years later, János Hunyadi prepared another army (of Hungarian and Wallachian forces) to attack the Turks but was again defeated by Murad II at the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448 Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars, and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories. He then laid siege to Vienna in 1529, but failed to take the city. In 1532, he made another attack on Vienna, but was repulsed in the Siege of Güns. Transylvania, Wallachia and, intermittently, Moldavia, became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire. In the east, the Ottoman Turks took Baghdad from the Persians in 1535, gaining control of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf. France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. A month prior to the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the Ottoman conquest of Esztergom in 1543. After further advances by the Turks in 1543, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547. In 1559, after the first Ajuran-Portuguese war the Ottoman Empire would later absorb the weakened Adal Sultanate into its domain. This expansion furthered Ottoman rule in Somalia and the Horn of Africa. This also increased its influence in the Indian Ocean to compete with the Portuguese with its close ally the Ajuran Empire. By the end of Suleiman's reign, the Empire's population totaled about 15,000,000 people extending over three continents. In addition, the Empire became a dominant naval force, controlling much of the Mediterranean Sea. By this time, the Ottoman Empire was a major part of the European political sphere. The success of its political and military establishment has been compared to the Roman Empire, by the likes of Italian scholar Francesco Sansovino and the French political philosopher Jean Bodin The Arab Revolt which began in 1916 turned the tide against the Ottomans at the Middle Eastern front, where they initially seemed to have the upper hand during the first two years of the war. The Armistice of Mudros, signed on 30 October 1918, ended the hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre, and was followed with occupation of Constantinople and subsequent partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. Under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was solidified. The last quarter of the 19th and the early part of the 20th century saw some 7–9 million Turkish-Muslim refugees from the lost territories of the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands migrate to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace.[105] The occupation of Constantinople and İzmir led to the establishment of a Turkish national movement, which won the Turkish War of Independence (1919–22) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (later given the surname "Atatürk"). The sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922, and the last sultan, Mehmed VI (reigned 1918–22), left the country on 17 November 1922. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey declared the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923. The caliphate was abolished on 3 March 1924.

http://wn.com/The_Graphic_Rise_And_Fall_Of_The_Ottoman_Empire

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A Medieval II Siege - Hungary vs. the Ottoman Empire

Order: Reorder
Duration: 15:14
Updated: 26 Nov 2011
author: TheElderScroIIs

I know that I'm bad at this game. If anyone has any tips about strategy I would very much appreciate them! Always trying to improve.

http://wn.com/A_Medieval_II_Siege_-_Hungary_vs._the_Ottoman_Empire

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The Little War in Hungary Against The Ottoman Empire.

Order: Reorder
Duration: 5:06
Updated: 02 Jul 2014
author: OttomanHarem

The Little War (German: Kleinkrieg) is a name given to a series of conflicts between the Habsburgs and their allies and the Ottoman Empire between 1529 (afte...

http://wn.com/The_Little_War_in_Hungary_Against_The_Ottoman_Empire.

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Ottoman exhibition organized in Hungary

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Duration: 1:32
Updated: 12 Aug 2015

Inspired by Hungarian author Kalman Mikszath's work, the city of Kecskemet in Hungary has organized the exhibition "Speaking Kaftan," which sheds light on Ottoman-era Hungary. Speaking at the opening ceremony, Turkey's ambassador in Budapest, Şakir Fakılı, said that Kecskemet is one of the fastest growing and developing cities of Hungary, adding that the local people of the city used to live together with other people in the Ottoman Empire. "The city showed great progress in commerce, agriculture and industry under Ottoman rule. During that period people were able to perform their faith freely. Some historians claim that Kecskemet was once more prestigious than the former capital of Buda," Fakılı said. In a statement to Anadolu Agency (AA), the manager of the museum, Rosta Szabolcs, said they aim to "introduce Turkish people and the Ottoman Empire objectively." He said that Hungarian-Turkish relations are better than ever, and added: "Hungarians show great interest in Turkish culture. They are especially curious about the lifestyle of their ancestors under Ottoman rule. As Kecskemet was a peaceful city back then, it improved in various fields." The opening ceremony was overseen by Kecskemet Mayor Szeberenyi Gyula Tamas, Yunus Emre Institute Budapest Turkish Cultural Center Manager Yakup Gül, and a number of other guests. The exhibition will be open until March 2016.

http://wn.com/Ottoman_exhibition_organized_in_Hungary

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Ottoman Empire v.s Hungary

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:29
Updated: 26 Dec 2012
author: Ilkay seker

http://wn.com/Ottoman_Empire_v.s_Hungary

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The Ottoman Siege Of Vienna Of 1529.

Order: Reorder
Duration: 12:24
Updated: 29 Aug 2014
author: OttomanHarem

The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. The siege s...

http://wn.com/The_Ottoman_Siege_Of_Vienna_Of_1529.

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Ottoman–Hungarian Wars

Order: Reorder
Duration: 19:59
Updated: 05 Aug 2015

The Ottoman–Hungarian Wars were a series of battles between the Ottoman Empire and the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Following the Byzantine Civil War, the Ottoman capture of Gallipoli and the decisive Battle of Kosovo, the Ottoman Empire seemed poised to conquer the whole of the Balkans. However, the Ottoman invasion of Serbia drove Hungary to war against the Ottomans, competing for the vassalship of the states of Serbia, Wallachia and Moldavia. Initial Hungarian success culminated in the Crusade of Varna, though without significant outside support the Hungarians were defeated. Nonetheless the Ottomans suffered more defeats at Belgrade, even after the conquest of Constantinople. In particular, the infamous Vlad the Impaler who, with limited Hungarian help, resisted Ottoman rule until the Ottomans placed his brother, a man less feared and less hated by the populace, on the throne of Wallachia. Ottoman success was once again halted at Moldavia due to Hungarian intervention, but the Turks finally succeeded when Moldavia and then Belgrade fell to Bayezid II and Suleiman the Magnificent, respectively. In 1526 the Ottomans crushed the Hungarian army at Mohács with King Louis II of Hungary perishing along with 14,000 of his foot soldiers. Following this defeat, the eastern region of the Kingdom of Hungary (mainly Transylvania) became an Ottoman tributary state, constantly engaged in civil war with Royal Hungary. The war continued with the Habsburgs now asserting primacy in the conflict with Suleiman and his successors. The northern and western parts of Hungary managed to remain free from Ottoman rule, but the Kingdom of Hungary, the most powerful state east of Vienna under Matthias I, was now divided and at constant war with the Turks. Video is targeted to blind users Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA =======Image-Info======= Image is in public domain Artist-Info: Creator:Daroui Raid Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Varna_1444.PNG =======Image-Info========

http://wn.com/Ottoman–Hungarian_Wars

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Macaristan OSMANLI FESTİVALİ 15 08 2015-Magyarországon Oszmán Fesztivál-Hungary Ottoman Festival

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:48
Updated: 15 Aug 2015

HABERLER- SON-DAKİKA- BUGÜN-GÜNCEL-ÖNEMLİ-FLAŞ-YENİ-GÜNDEM-2015-TEMMUZ-DUYURU-BİLGİLER tsk.genelkurmay-çatışmalar-kürt-guruplar-suriye-halep-şam-kobani-ışıd-pyd-ypg-pkk-hdp.paralel-erbil-kerkük-musul-peşmerge-türkmenler-muhalifler-operasyon-savaş-esed-rejim-güçleri-silahlı-guruplar-askeri-yığınak-savunma-saldırı-işgal-özgür-ordusu-en-son-haberler-video-görüntüler-Diriliş.2015.akp.erdoğan.recep.tayyip.erdoğan.Akparti.Akp.Davudoğlu.Seçmen.Mehter.Rekor.seçim.şarkısı.türküsü.müziği.İcraatleri.faaliyetleri.hizmetleri.genel.çalışmaları.Teşkilatları.Merkez.Taşra.İl.İlçe.Dombra.Şiir.Kuran.Ezan.gitti.geldi.toplandı.topladı.miting.Türkiye.illeri.Yeni.Lider.Olağan.olağanüstü.Süpriz.Oy.oranı.Anket.Anketler.Anketleri.marşları.komple.flaş.haber.şok.Bakanı.Uğur.Işıldak.bölüm.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0.gönüllüleri.tekparça.HD.HQ.müziği.çekim.yeri.plato.meydanı.Türkü.Bayrağı.Flaması.Konvoyu.Koruması.Namazı.Cuma.bayram.Ezanı.Selası.Açıklama.yaptı.Açıkladı.Meclis.Bakanlar.Millet.Meclisi.Muhteşem.Kalabalık.Proğramı.proğramları.sevenleri.gönüllüleri.Bölüm.TRT.ankara.istanbul.bursa.kayseri.zikir.Tavsiye.Allah.mekke.medine.Kabe.muazzama.hac.Tavaf.umre.Esma.ayet.ayetler.sure.sureler.aşır.aşırlar.kuran.kuranı.Kerim.ezan.ezanlar.sela.sala.salavat.şerife.okuyor.okudu.kıraat.kıraatler.Tilavet.tilavetleri.kari.kariler.hafız.hafızlar.hafızlardan.hoca.hocalar.hocalardan.imam.imamı.imamlar.imamlardan.islam.islamın.islamda.müslim.müslüman.müslümanlar.muhammed.meal.meali.mealli.mealleri.anlamı.anlamları.açıklaması.sevap.ecir.günah.haram.olan.iyi.faziletleri.sesi.sesinden.sesiyle.ile.ve.ünlü.ünlülerden.muhteşem.harika.fantastik.hayret.şaşırıcı.en.fazla.çok.mükemmel.kaliteli.kısa.uzun.best.favori.psikolojik.manevi.iman.imanlı.inanç.inançlı.mümin.münafık.kafir.veli.derviş.evliya.tarikat.mürid.tasavvuf.ehli.keramet.kutsal.peygamber.peygamberler.nebi.nebiler.alim.alimler.mucize.mucizevi.ilginç.kutsal.meşhur.süper.seçme.seçilmiş.seçkin.nadir.popüler.star.birinci.birincisi.efendi.şeyh.dünyada.dünyaca.dünyanın.çok.en.güzel.duygulu.ihlaslı.Korkunç.türkiye.osmanlı.anadolu.osmanlıda.türkiyede.ülkeler.ülkelerde.ülkeleri.osmanlı.mehdi.deccal.isa.musa.mesih.kıyamet.ibadet.ibadetler.ibadetleri.tesbih.namaz.namazda.namazında.secde.dua.dualar.ölüm.anında.cenaze.cenazesinde.Beyti.tebliğ.irşad.cihad.cami.camiler.mescid.oruç.ramazan.ayı.ayında.yılı.yılında.anı.ananda.zamanı.zamanında.tanrı.tek.dinsiz.ataist.müşrik.münkir.ne.demek.nedir.nasıl.olur.türk.kürt.laz.çerkez.ermeni.rum.alevi.türkçe.ingilizce.arapça.cevabı.müzik.ilahi.ilahiler.kaside.kasideler.ibretlik.manzara.net.kesin.yasin.baraka.tebareke.fatiha.fetih.elif.be.mustafa.ismail.naina.ahmet.abdüssamed.minşevi.ayet.ayetler.hadis.hadisler.hadisi.insan.cin.şeytan.1080.yeni.son.ilk.nefis.derneği.devlet.başkanı.reisi.cumhur.kardeş.çözüm.savaş.savaşı.zulm.işgal.amerika.israil.azarbeycan.tekke.tekkesi.mevlevi.mevlana.ihh.bayram.bayramı.kutlaması.kutlanıyor.gönüllü.gönüllüleri.hatim.hatmi.evrad.ezkar.esma.nebi.nebevi.hüsna.beyt.münevvere.mükerreme.özgür.milli.ordusu.terörist.kanal.ümmet.millet.mehmed.akif.necip.fazıl.yunus.arabi.gezi.göç.saldırı.şaşırtıcı.muhammed.vaiz.hatip.usta.anma.tören.töreninde.konferans.toplantı.toplandı.çağrı.davet.ziyafet.iftar.sahur.Turkey.türkiye.Full.Tamamı.hepsi.bugün.recep.tayyip.erdoğan-ahmet davutoğlu.ak parti.

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Hungary Travel Video Guide • Great Destinations

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Duration: 58:59
Updated: 07 Apr 2015

Hungary is a small country in the heart of Europe carrying a thousand year old past. Beside one of the continent’s most beautiful capitals, Budapest, most of the tourists are curious about the Puszta and the traditions of horse keeping. But how much more can Hungary offer! There are the beaches of Balaton, the warm lake of Hévíz, the cave spa of Miskolctapolca. Then there is the Dunakanyar with Szentendre, Visegrád, and Esztergom with its many monuments, the castles of Keszthely, Gödöllő, Fertőd, the forts of Eger, Sárospatak, Sümeg. Vineyards in Tokaj, Villány or Badacsony, lovely cities like Pécs, Sopron, Kőszeg, Eger. Gentle hills, temples and lookout towers, forests, museums and rivers, fine cuisine and good programs.

http://wn.com/Hungary_Travel_Video_Guide_•_Great_Destinations

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Hungary Travel Video Guide

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Duration: 4:11
Updated: 04 May 2014

Hungary Travel Video Guide: Hungary has always marched to a different drummer -- speaking a language, preparing dishes and drinking wines like no others. It's Europe at its most exotic. Hungary Travel's scenery is more gentle than striking, more pretty than stunning. But you can't say the same thing about the built environment across the land. Architecturally Hungary is a treasure trove, with everything from Roman ruins and medieval town houses to baroque churches, neoclassical public buildings and Art Nouveau bathhouses and schools. And we're not just talking about Budapest here; walk through Szeged or Kecskemét, Debrecen or Sopron and you'll discover an architectural gem at virtually every turn. Some people (ourselves included) go out of their way for another glimpse of their 'hidden' favourites like the Reök Palace in Szeged, the buildings of Koszeg's Jurisics tér or the Mosque Church in Pécs. It is almost as if they're afraid these delightful structures will crumble and disappear unless they are regularly drenched in admiring glances. Enjoy your Hungary Travel Video Guide! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIsk325A7Bs

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Budapest: The Best of Hungary

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Duration: 26:09
Updated: 14 May 2014

We soak in elegance at the thermal Széchenyi Baths, stomp and slap with traditional dancers at a folk concert, visit the Communist All-Stars in Statue Park, remember Hungary's secret police at the House of Terror, sample some paprika in the Great Indoor Market Hall, and cruise under floodlit monuments on the Danube. © 2004 Rick Steves' Europe

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Budapest Travel Video Guide

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Duration: 25:36
Updated: 07 Sep 2014
author: Expoza Travel

Travel video about destination Budapest. Budapest, capital of Hungary, is the pearl of the Danube and a constantly changing metropolis. Hungary was once a ki...

http://wn.com/Budapest_Travel_Video_Guide

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Budapest, Hungary, The Sarcastic Travel Guide (Mark Christensen)

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Duration: 4:48
Updated: 07 Jul 2014
author: Mark Christensen

https://www.facebook.com/DevatMarkChristensen.

http://wn.com/Budapest,_Hungary,_The_Sarcastic_Travel_Guide_(Mark_Christensen)

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Budapest Travel Attractions - Hungary Travel Guide

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Duration: 1:05
Updated: 01 Sep 2014
author: geobeats

Take a tour of Top 5 Travel Attractions of Budapest, Hungary - part of the World's Greatest Attractions series by GeoBeats. Hi, it is your host, Naomi. I wou...

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Budapest Hungary Travel Guide Top 10 Must See Attraction YouTube

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Duration: 4:48
Updated: 29 Jun 2013

http://wn.com/Budapest_Hungary_Travel_Guide_Top_10_Must_See_Attraction_YouTube

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Travel Guide - Hungary

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Duration: 2:30
Updated: 14 Aug 2014
author: WatchMojo.com

http://www.WatchMojo.com looks at the amazing European country of Hungary and some of its most famous areas and attractions. Subscribe to our new dedicated W...

http://wn.com/Travel_Guide_-_Hungary

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Hungary Travel Guide

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Duration: 4:25
Updated: 20 May 2015

Travel video about destination Hungary Country in Europe. Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Its capital, Budapest, is bisected by the Danube River and famed for its dramatic cityscape studded with architectural landmarks from Buda’s medieval Castle Hill and the grand neoclassical buildings along Pest’s Andrássy Avenue to the 19th-century Chain Bridge. The country has a long, rich history, and its culture reflects Roman, Turkish, Slavic and Magyar influences. Thank you for watching. Please Rate and write a comment(respect each other in the comments). Travelling presents the best destinations in the world, in the form of pictures slideshow. Get inspiration and essentials with our travel guide videos and documentaries for your next trip, holiday, vacation or simply enjoy and get tips about all the beauty in the world... Thank you. Subscribe to Us Link: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLGtPz6MEXvikmWY0NQiCmQ?sub_confirmation=1

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Budapest Hungary travel guide sight seeing city tour visit tourist travel info

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Duration: 3:32
Updated: 12 Nov 2012

Site seeing city Budapest with the Great Hungarian Plain, public railway the "Millennium" (world's second oldest subway), big old trading houses, ancient churches, the Sint Stephen's Basilica, river Danube / Donau, old thermal baths, Buda Castle and Castle hill. On http://www.lifeisjoy.nl you can watch all our movies and read our travelstories. More than 25x round the world, mostly on motorcycles. Please leave a respons on this video on Youtube or on http://www.lifeisjoy.nl Thank you. tags: Site seeing city Budapest with the Great Hungarian Plain, public railway the "Millennium" world's second oldest subway, big old trading houses, ancient churches, the Sint Stephen's Basilica, river Danube / Donau, old thermal baths, Buda Castle and Castle hill discover explore around the world RTW coast to coast CTC reis om de wereld motorcycle motorbike motor motorfiets adventure avontuur extreme travel rally stunt holliday vakantie travel offroad off road crash accident Robert Pirsig Ted Simons Ewan McGregor Charley Boorman long way down around diaries Che Guevara Dakkar Baja 1000 himalaya the alps alpen dolomites dolomieten karpaten balkan gebergte sun rain snow monuments nature culture fun happy moviemaker free download gratis repair shop service maintenance troubleshooting manual book not a free download pdf or Haynes youtube zen art relex life is joy lifeisjoy www.lifeisjoy.nl enjoy amazing apologize bad weather torrent must see ghost rider ghostrider crazy madness highway Yamaha YZF R1 Kawasaki KLR650 BMW R1200GS R1200R R1200RS R1200RT R1200S R1150GS Adventure R1150R Rockster R1150RS R1150RT R1200C K1200R K1200S Honda Pan European Africa Twin XR650L XR600R Triump Tiger Ducatie Multistrada Aprilia tuono factory Harley Davidson HD Buell Suzuki V-strom SV1000 Europe Azia America USA Australia Middle East Great Britain Scotland England Isle of Man Netherlands Nederland Holland Germany Switserland Austria Italy Hungary Roemenia Bulgaria Turkey Iran Pakistan India Nepal Sri Lanka Egypt Tunis Malaysia Singapore Dubai Arabische Emiraten Thailand Indonesia Bali Malta Greece Spain Belgium France Monaco Portugal Luxemburg Amsterdam London Berlin Brussel Zurich Bern Rome Budapest Istanbull Tabriz Esfahan Bam Yazd Taftan Quetta Multan Amaritsar New Delhi Kathmandu Kualla Lumpur Chiang Mai Bangkok Kuta Sydney Alice Spring Brisbane California Los Angeles San francisco Las Vegas Phoenix Dallas New Orleans New York Miami Orlando Death Valley Dessert Spring Yoshua Tree National Park Grand Canyon parc Great Barrier Reef Coral Surfers Paradise NP point of interest TomTom Garmin Route66 Navigator Gadget Widget Camper Motorhome Tent Campground Campsite Camping Parking Fuell Empty Full Gas Petrol Fire Metro Subway Railway Train Station MPV Truck Bus NEW New Nieuw Next Fast Slow Foreign Book News Magazine Story Worldmap Google Earth Mapking Mapmanager Vito Flat Tyre Renault Mercedes Fiat 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 around the world RTW coast to coast CTC reis om de wereld motorcycle motorbike motor motorfiets adventure avontuur extreme travel rally stunt holliday vakantie travel offroad off road crash accident Robert Pirsig Ted Simons Ewan McGregor Charley Boorman long way down around diaries Che Guevara Dakkar Baja 1000 himalaya the alps alpen dolomites dolomieten karpaten balkan gebergte sun rain snow monuments nature culture fun happy moviemaker free download gratis repair shop service maintenance troubleshooting manual book not a free download pdf or Haynes youtube zen art relex life is joy lifeisjoy www.lifeisjoy.nl enjoy amazing apologize bad weather torrent must see ghost rider ghostrider crazy madness highway Yamaha YZF R1 Kawasaki KLR650 BMW R1200GS R1200R R1200RS R1200RT R1200S R1150GS Adventure R1150R Rockster R1150RS R1150RT R1200C K1200R K1200S Honda Pan European Africa Twin XR650L XR600R Triump Tiger Ducatie Multistrada Aprilia tuono factory Harley Davidson HD Buell Suzuki V-strom SV1000 circuit training circuittraining discover explore Site seeing city Budapest with the Great Hungarian Plain, public railway the "Millennium" world's second oldest subway, big old trading houses, ancient churches, the Sint Stephen's Basilica, river Danube / Donau, old thermal baths, Buda Castle and Castle hill

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BUDAPEST, Hungary (AMAZING Walking Tour!!!)

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Duration: 37:16
Updated: 06 Sep 2014
author: Greg Visits

Amazing walking tour around Budapest, Hungary. In this video you will get a complete travel guide of all the top Budapest attractions, so you will know what ...

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Hungary, Budapest Travel Guide - Shopping in Vaci Utca

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Duration: 1:40
Updated: 02 Jul 2014
author: geobeats

Hungary, Budapest Travel Guide - Shopping in Vaci Utca A pedestrian street with shops, cafes, and historic architecture. (Budapest, Hungary) Vaci Utca is a p...

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Budapest - Hungary Travel Guide, Tourism, Vacation

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Duration: 1:02
Updated: 15 Nov 2013
author: World Travel Guide

World Travel https://www.youtube.com/user/World1Tube Budapest - Hungary Travel Guide, Tourism http://bit.ly/1e46zIc Budapest - Hungary Travel Guide, Tourism,...

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Travel Guide to Budapest, Hungary

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Duration: 1:34
Updated: 08 Aug 2011

http://bestflights.co.za/europe/hungary/budapest - Visit for more information on Budapest, Hungary Budapest, the capital and largest city of Hungary, is divided into 23 districts. It is home to nearly 2 000 000 inhabitants and has the total territory of about 525 square kilometers. Budapest can almost be divided into two cities, Buda on the Western hilly side and Pest on the Eastern side, the modern commercial core of the city. What to see / do • Andrassy Avenue-Opera House & Museums • Buda Castle • Castle District • Central Synagogue • Chain Bridge • City Park • Danube Promenade • Gresham Palace Art Nouveau Splendor • Margaret Island • New York Palace • St. Stephen's Basilica and Square • Thermal Baths • Vaci Street Events • Buda Castle Beer Festival • Budafest • Budapest Dance Festival • Budapest Summer Festival • Budapest Opera Ball • Festival of Folk Arts • Jewish Summer Festival • JazzForum Budapest • Septemberfest • St. Stephen's Day • Sziget Festival

http://wn.com/Travel_Guide_to_Budapest,_Hungary

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Travel Guide to Budapest , Hungary

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Duration: 7:45
Updated: 25 Dec 2013
author: Popularvacationplaces

Learn infromation about Budapest , Hungary before travel. For more information about Country please visit our website www.popularvacationplaces.com . Find Ho...

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Explore Budapest, Hungary ! ; top 8 places to visit when you come Hungary

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Duration: 6:24
Updated: 29 Sep 2014

Samsung Global Story Teller First mission ! [NA YOUNG in Budapest ! :)] - These are top 8 tourist attractions you should visit when you come Budapest ! :)

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Budapest in 5 minutes | Travel guide | Must-sees for your city tour

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Duration: 5:31
Updated: 11 Apr 2015

A travel guide with Insider tips of the best attractions in the capital of Hungary | Sightseeing tour in Budapest city | Delicious food (!) | Documentary in English Songs: Silent Partner - Runner Jingle Punks - Do it right Gunnar Olsen - First to last Silent Partner - Accidents will happen The 126ers - Water lily Max Surla/Media Rig - Flicker Huma-Huma - Two step Bird Creek - Bitters at the Saloon All music in this video are free for download with permission for commercial use.

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Balatonboglar on the Shores of Lake Balaton - Hungary Travel Guide

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Duration: 1:13
Updated: 22 Nov 2013
author: World Travel Guide

World Travel https://www.youtube.com/user/World1Tube Balaton, Hungary Travel Guide http://bit.ly/17xMPIs Shepherd Entertainment takes you on a tour of Balato...

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Eger-city- Hungary-Money-Talks-Travel-Guide

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Duration: 0:58
Updated: 08 Feb 2014
author: Igor8163

Eger-city- Hungary-Money-Talks-Travel-Guide.

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Fort Ruins on the Shores of Lake Balaton - Hungary Travel Guide

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Duration: 6:17
Updated: 23 Nov 2013
author: World Travel Guide

World Travel https://www.youtube.com/user/World1Tube Budapest, Hungary Travel Guide http://bit.ly/1b0VBnE From the city limits of Balatongyorok, the road lea...

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DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Hungary PDF

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Duration: 0:26
Updated: 21 Aug 2015

DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Hungary PDF Download PDF/eBook: http://bit.ly/1LnPFb9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaGpmOq_eDw

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A Tourist's Guide to Budapest, Hungary

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Duration: 14:52
Updated: 24 Dec 2014

We stop in the Hungarian capital to experience its Christmas Market and tourist sites. Then we decided to catch a train to Sturovo, a border town in Slovakia.

http://wn.com/A_Tourist's_Guide_to_Budapest,_Hungary

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Download DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Hungary eBook

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Duration: 0:27
Updated: 19 Aug 2015

DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Hungary eBook Download PDF/eBook: http://bit.ly/1PzwbPg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VR-r5S6DFiE

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The Ottoman - Balkan Wars

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Duration: 28:11
Updated: 10 Aug 2015

The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of the four, Bulgaria, was defeated in the second war. The Ottoman Empire lost nearly all of its holdings in Europe. Austria-Hungary, although not a combatant, was weakened as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples. The war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and thus was a "prelude to the First World War." By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large elements of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule. In 1912, these countries formed the Balkan League. There were three main causes of the First Balkan War. The Ottoman Empire was unable to reform itself, govern satisfactorily, or deal with the rising ethnic nationalism of its diverse peoples. Secondly the Great Powers quarreled amongst themselves and failed to ensure that the Ottomans would carry out the needed reforms. This led the Balkan states to impose their own solution. Most important, the Balkan League had been formed, and its members were confident that it could defeat the Turks. The Ottoman Empire lost almost all its European territories to the west of the River Maritsa, drawing present day Turkey's western border. A large influx of Turks started to flee into the Ottoman heartland as a result of the lost lands. By 1914, the remaining core region of the Ottoman Empire had experienced a population increase of around 2.5 million because of the flood of immigration from the Balkans. In Turkey, it is considered a major disaster (Balkan harbi faciası) in the nation's history. The unexpected fall and sudden relinquishing of Turkish-dominated European territories created a psycho-traumatic event amongst the Turks that is said to have triggered the ultimate collapse of the empire itself within five years. Nazım Pasha, the chief of staff of the Ottoman army has been held responsible of the failure and was assassinated in 1913 by Young Turks. The First Balkan War broke out when the League attacked the Ottoman Empire on 8 October 1912 and was ended seven months later by the Treaty of London. After five centuries, the Ottoman Empire lost virtually all of its possessions in the Balkans. The Second Balkan War broke out on 16 June 1913. Bulgaria was dissatisfied over the division of the

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European slaves in the slave market of the Ottoman Empire

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Duration: 9:32
Updated: 09 Aug 2015

List of Countries who have suffered slavery under Ottoman tyranny: Russia, Ukraine, Greece, Cyprus, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Albania, Slovenia, , Austria, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Italy, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Iran. The Ottoman penetration into Europe in the 1350s and their capture of Constantinople later in 1453 opened new floodgates for slave-trade from the European front. In their last attempt to overrun Europe in 1683, the Ottoman army, although defeated, returned from the Gates of Vienna with 80,000 captives.874 An immense number of slaves flowed from the Crimea, the Balkans and the steppes of West Asia to Islamic markets. BD Davis laments that the ‘‘Tartars and other Black Sea peoples had sold millions of Ukrainians, Georgians, Circassians, Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Slavs and Turks,’’ which received little notice.875 Crimean Tatars enslaved and sold some 1,750,000 Ukrainians, Poles and Russian between 1468 and 1694. 876 According to another estimate, between 1450 and 1700, the Crimean Tatars exported some 10,000 slaves, including some Circassians, annually—that is, some 2,500,000 slaves in all, to the Ottoman Empire.877 The Tatar slave-raiding Khans returned with 18,000 slaves from Poland (1463), 100,000 from Lvov (1498), 60,000 from South Russia (1515), 50,000–100,000 from Galicia (1516), during the ‘harvesting of the steppe.’ Numbers from Moscow (1521), 800,000 were taken and from Valynia (1676), 400,000 were taken. 800,000 from Moscow (1521), 200,000 from South Russia (1555), 100,000 from Moscow (1571), 50,000 from Poland (1612), 60,000 from South Russia (1646), 100,000 from Poland (1648), 300,000 from Ukraine (1654), 400,000 from Valynia (1676) and thousands from Poland (1694). Besides these major catches, they made countless more Jihad raids during the same period, which yielded a few to tens of thousands of slaves.878 These figures of enslavement must be considered in the context that the population of the Tatar Khanate was only about 400,000 at the time. (1463-1694) while sources are incomplete, conservative tabulation of the slave raids against the Eastern European population indicate that at least 7 MILLION European people-men, women, children were enslaved by Muslims. Sources suggest that in the few years between 1436-1442, some 500,000 people were seized in the Balkans. Many of the captives died in forced marches towards Anatolia (Turkey). Contemporary chronicles note that the Ottomans reduced masses of the inhabitants of Greece, Romania, and the Balkans to slavery eg from Moree (1460)-70,000 and Transylvania (1438) - 60,000-70,000 and 300,000-600,000 from Hungary and 10,000 from Mytilene/Mitilini on Lesbos island (1462) (Bulgaru p 567) and so it continued. The vicious destruction of Constantinople in 1453 shows the religious zeal of the Muslims, their hatred of Christians, massacres, destruction and pillage and of course, the enslavement of 50,000-60,000 people! 1876: Ottomans’ massacre the Bulgarians: Historians estimate 30,000 murdered, with 3,000 orphaned children, thousands of Bulgarians imprisoned or exiled and 60-80 villages destroyed and another 200 hundred plundered and 300,000 livestock (cattle, sheep, goats) and countless personal goods taken as ‘booty’ from a defenceless population long exploited during centuries of oppressive Ottoman rule. Muslims terrorised ordinary, unarmed civilians. Reports (1876) note that girls and women were stripped, gang-raped and usually killed, people were burnt alive, children ‘spitted’ on bayonets, pregnant women ripped open and their unborn baby killed...... The Barbary Muslim pirates kidnapped Europeans from ships in North Africa’s coastal waters (Barbary Coast). They also attacked and pillaged the Atlantic coastal fishing villages and town in Europe, enslaving the inhabitants. Villages and towns on the coast of Italy, Spain, Portugal and France were the hardest hit. Muslim slave-raiders also seized people as far afield as Britain, Ireland and Iceland. 2 million Europeans were enslaved in Islamic North Africa between 1530 and 1780. Paul Baepler’s White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives lists a collection of essays by nine American captives held in North Africa. According to his book, there were more than 20,000 white Christian slaves by 1620 in Algiers alone; their number swelled to more than 30,000 men and 2,000 women by the 1630s. There were a minimum of 25,000 white slaves at any time in Sultan Moulay Ismail’s palace, records Ahmed ez-Zayyani; Algiers maintained a population of 25,000 white slaves between 1550 and 1730, and their numbers could double at certain times. During the same period, Tunis and Tripoli each maintained a white slave population of about 7,500.

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Ottoman Serbia

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Duration: 10:30
Updated: 06 Aug 2015

The territory of what is now the Republic of Serbia was part of the Ottoman Empire throughout the Early Modern period. Ottoman culture significantly influenced the region, in architecture, cuisine, linguistics, and dress, especially in arts, and Islam. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Serbian Despotate was subdued by the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. The Ottomans defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Maritsa in 1371, making vassals of the southern governors, soon thereafter, the Emperor died. As Uroš was childless and the nobility could not agree on the rightful heir, the Empire was ruled by semi-independent provincial lords, who often were in feuds with each other. The most powerful of these, Tsar Lazar, a Duke of present-day central Serbia (which had not yet come under Ottoman rule), stood against the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. The result was indecisive, but it resulted in the subsequent fall of Serbia. Stefan Lazarević, the son of Lazar, succeeded as ruler, but had by 1394 become an Ottoman vassal. In 1402 he renounced Ottoman rule and became an Hungarian ally, the years following are characterized by the Ottomans and Hungary battling over the territory of Serbia. In 1453, the Ottomans conquered Constantinople, and in 1458 Athens was taken. In 1459, Serbia was annexed, Greece as well, a year later. Several minor, unsuccessful and short-lived revolts were conducted against Ottoman rule mostly with the help of the Habsburgs; 1594, 1688–1691, 1718–1739 and 1788. In 1799, the dahia (jannissary leaders, high-status infantry in the provinces) took over the Sanjak of Smederevo, renouncing the Sultan and imposing higher taxes. In 1804, they murdered the most notable intellectuals and nobles, known as the Slaughter of the Dukes. In retaliation, the Serbs took arms and had by 1806 killed or driven out all of the dahia, but the fight did not stop, when the Sultan were to sent the new Pasha into the province, the Serbs killed him. The revolt continued, in what would be known as the First Serbian Uprising, with the Serbs under Karageorge defeating the Turks in several battles, liberating most of central Serbia - a fully working government was established. In 1813, Serbs suffered a huge defeat, an unsuccessful rebellion followed in 1814, and in 1815 the Second Serbian Uprising began. In 1817, Serbia was de facto independent (as Principality of Serbia). The article deals with the history, culture and structure of Serbs in the Ottoman Empire. Video is targeted to blind users Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA =======Image-Info======= Image is in public domain Author-Info: Bratislav Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:G2928.png =======Image-Info========

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Croatian–Ottoman wars

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Duration: 2:03
Updated: 05 Aug 2015

Croatian–Ottoman Wars (Turkish: Osmanlı-Hırvatistan Savaşları,Croatian: Hrvatsko-osmanski ratovi) can refer to one of the several conflicts between the Kingdom of Croatia (in Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia and in Habsburg Monarchy) and the Ottoman Empire: Long campaign (1443-1444) of the King Vladislas II of Hungary. Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War, War for Croatia - a period of near constant mostly low-intensity warfare ("Small War") approximately 1493-1593 (from the Battle of Krbava Field to the Battle of Sisak). Long War (1593-1606). Austro–Turkish War (1663–1664). Great Turkish War (1683–1699). Austro–Turkish War of 1716–1718. Austro–Turkish War (1787–1791). Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878). This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. The Kingdom of Croatia-Hungary gradually lost most of its territory on the eastern Adriatic coast to the Ottomans, leaving only the possessions of the Republic of Venice in Dalmatia, for whom the Croats took part in the Ottoman–Venetian Wars. Of particular note for the history of Dalmatia was the Morean War. Video is targeted to blind users Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA =======Image-Info======= Image is in public domain Author-Info: Aetheling1125 at English Wikipedia Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zvonimir.jpg =======Image-Info========

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List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire

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Duration: 17:57
Updated: 05 Aug 2015

The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), made up solely of the members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned from Hungary in the north to Somalia in the south, and from Algeria in the west to Iran in the east. Administered at first from the city of Bursa, the empire's capital was moved to Edirne in 1363 under Murad I, and then to Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) in 1453 following its conquest by Mehmed II. The Ottoman Empire's early years have been the subject of varying narratives due to the difficulty of discerning fact from legend; nevertheless, most modern scholars agree that the empire came into existence around 1299 and that its first ruler (and the namesake of the Empire) was Osman I Khan (leader) of the Kayı tribe of the Oghuz Turks. The eponymous Ottoman dynasty he founded endured for six centuries through the reigns of 36 sultans. The Ottoman Empire disappeared as a result of the defeat of the Central Powers with whom it had allied itself during World War I. The partitioning of the Empire by the victorious Allies and the ensuing Turkish War of Independence led to the abolition of the sultanate in 1922 and the birth of the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923. Video is targeted to blind users Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA =======Image-Info======= Image is in public domain Author-Info: Titian (1490–1576) Alternative names Tiziano Vecelli; Tiziano Vecellio Description Italian painter, fresco painter and draughtsman Date of birth/death between 1485 and 1490 27 August 1576 Location of birth/death Venice Work location Venice (1498),, Mantua, Padua (1511), Milan (1540), Rome (1545–1546), Florence (1546), Augsburg (1548, 1550–1551), Constantinople (today Istanbul) (1555-1557) ity control VIAF: 109266837 LCCN: n79074519 GND: 118622994 SELIBR: 97122 BnF: cb11940043z ULAN: 500031075 ISNI: 0000 0001 0787 9191 WorldCat Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg =======Image-Info========

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Ottoman–Habsburg wars

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Duration: 20:58
Updated: 05 Aug 2015

The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th through the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg (later Austrian) Empire, which was at times supported by the Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Hungary and Habsburg Spain. The wars were dominated by land campaigns in Hungary and Croatia. By the 16th century, the Ottomans had become a serious threat to the European powers, with Ottoman ships sweeping away Venetian possessions in the Aegean and Ionia and Ottoman-supported Barbary pirates seizing Spanish possessions in the Maghreb. The Protestant Reformation, the France–Habsburg rivalry and the numerous civil conflicts of the Holy Roman Empire served as distractions to the Christians from their conflict with the Ottomans. Meanwhile the Ottomans had to contend with the Persian Safavid Empire and to a lesser extent the Mamluk Sultanate, which was defeated and fully incorporated into the empire. Initially, Ottoman conquests in Europe made significant gains with a decisive victory at Mohács reducing around one third (central) part of Kingdom of Hungary to the status of an Ottoman tributary. Later, the Peace of Westphalia and the Spanish War of Succession in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively left the Austrian Empire as the sole firm possession of the House of Habsburg. By then, however, European advances in guns and military tactics outweighed the skill and resources of the Ottomans and their elite Janissaries, enabling the Habsburgs to retake Hungary. The Great Turkish War ended with three decisive Holy League victories at Vienna, Mohács and Zenta. The wars came to an end following Austria's participation in the war of 1787-1791, which Austria fought in alliance with Russia. Intermittent tension between Austria and the Ottoman Empire continued throughout the nineteenth century, but they never again fought each other in a war and ultimately found themselves allied in World War I, in the aftermath of which both empires were dissolved. Video is targeted to blind users Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA =======Image-Info======= Image is in public domain Artist-Info: Template:Yogesh Brahmbhatt Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg =======Image-Info========

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Ottoman Empire The War Machine documentary

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Duration: 157:11
Updated: 04 Aug 2015

Ottoman Empire The War Machine - History Documentary JOIN QUIZGROUP PARTNER PROGRAM: Ottoman Empire: The War Machine - History Documentary This History Channel documentary traces the Ottoman Empire from its beginnings in the 14th century . By 1536 the Ottomans had defeated the remaining warlords in Hungary, Austria, and Romania, and had turned their attention to the Mediterranean. Stunned by . Although the Austrians at first appear successful, they sustain heavy casualties and begin to starve. As the Ottomans wait, Suleiman constructs a small fort .

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Scientists discover Ottoman-era town where heart of Suleiman the Magnificent is thought to be burrie

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Duration: 1:40
Updated: 31 Jul 2015

Hungarian scientists said they are a step closer to finding the heart of Suleiman the Magnificent after discovering the remains of an Ottoman-era town in the area in southern Hungary where the sultan died in 1566. He died while his troops besieged the fortress of Szigetvar, defended by locals led by Croatian-Hungarian nobleman Miklos Zrinyi. Their leader's death was kept a secret from his troops for some 48 days. Historians believe Suleiman's heart and internal organs were buried near Szigetvar, and his body taken back to Constantinople, as Istanbul was then known. The mayor of Szigetvar, Janos Kolovics, said the find would help expand relations between Hungary and Turkey, which has provided financial support for several projects meant to highlight the Turks' historical presence in the region. Norbert Pap, a member of the research and excavation team, said the discovery of the Ottoman town should offer clues that will help them narrow down their search for the tomb containing the sultan's heart. "We have discovered a medieval town called Turbek. It was founded by the Ottomans after the death of Sultan Suleiman," he said. Pap said the settlement was destroyed in the 1680s after the Turks were driven out of Hungary. Until his death at age 71, Suleiman was the Ottoman Empire's longest-ruling sultan, and the Turks greatly expanded their dominance in the Balkans, the Middle East and northern Africa during his 46-year reign. Pap said the objects found in the area so far, including luxury goods such as Chinese porcelain, Persian ceramics and glass, indicate that the town's population was wealthy. The discovery is also considered extraordinary because the Turks rarely built their own cities in the areas they occupied, preferring instead to inhabit already existing settlements. Pap said the bricks-and-mortar town was most probably built with commemorative, spiritual and political purposes around or near the tomb said to contain Suleiman's heart. Historical sources indicate that a mosque, a dervish cloister and military barracks were built near the tomb, later expanded with a tavern, a madrasa and an inn for pilgrims journeying to the resting place of Suleiman's heart. "We are closer and closer to the tomb and the buildings," Pap said, adding that the area expected to be explored is now covered by vineyards and orchards, and belongs to around 12 different owners. You can license this story through AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/f5981d4f7a6617b495ec2f4dff26f910 Find out more about AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/HowWeWork

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The Ottoman Siege of Jajce In 1463

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Duration: 8:21
Updated: 22 May 2015

The Siege of Jajce was a siege in 1463 and was part of the Ottoman--Hungarian Wars. The Hungarian victory meant the maintenance of Christiandom in Bosnia and -- with the repulse of Ottoman forces -- the protection of Hungarian territories for the 15th century. Beginning from the diet of Buda of 1462 some Bosnian-Hungarian borderline fortresses were already guarded by the Kingdom of Hungary and King Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia was accepted as a vassal to her. The Bosnian King refused to pay tribute to the Porte thereafter. As a consequence both Ottoman and Christian sides began the war preparations. Travnik fortress Sultan Mehmed II gathered an army of 150,000 soldiers in Adrianopolis and departed for the Lower Danube area in April 1463. As a part of a diversion attack he commanded Ali Bey Mihaloğlu to invade southern parts of the Kingdom of Hungary. The bey crossed to Syrmia, but was pushed back by Andrew Pongrácz high cup-bearer of Hungary. He suddenly made a flanking move to the heart of Hungary until he reached Temesvár, where he ran into John Pongrácz Voivode of Transylvania and was defeated in a fierce battle. Meanwhile Mehmet II advanced to Travnik, which he besieged. Then moved to the capital city Bobovac that fell within three days. Stephen Tomašević was advised to entrench himself in the high mountains although he chose to withdraw to Jajce and later to Ključ and burnt the bridges of the roads along. Remnants of Bobovac fortress Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey pursued his trail taking Jajce without a fight and pushed to Ključ through the Sava river and the surrounding mountains despite the marshy ground and the general inaccessibility to the town. Seeing himself in a dead-end situation Tomašević set his wife and mother to a journey through Raguse to Hungary to find refuge. He fortified himself in Ključ fortress. After their arrival the Ottomans set fire around the city thus forcing the inhabitants to surrender in despair. Mahmud Pasha Angelović granted the Bosnian King. He swore an oath to the sultan and capitulated when he was promised safe retreat in return. He had to spread this agreement to the remaining fort captains in 8 days and as a result 70 places and one million florins were handed to the Porte. Discontent with this agreement Mehmet rebuke Mahmud and instructed him to transport the Bosnian King to his court. Stephen Tomašević was double crossed and despite his oath to the Sultan the last ruler of Bosnia was beheaded at Carevo Polje near Jajce. The sultan divided his expeditionary army into three, one led by him, one by Ömer Bey and one by Mahmud Pasha, respectively, and raided the surrounding countries as well as completed the conquest of Bosnia. Ömer Bey surged in the direction of the Kingdom of Croatia, while Mehmet moved towards the Duchy of Saint Sava. In Croatia Ömer Bey confronted and slew Paulus de Speranchich Ban of Croatia and his entourage of 800 men. With the help of the Bogumils, Stjepan Vukčić Kosača was able to withstand the intrusion of Mehmet for a short time, before sending his youngest son as a hostage to Istanbul, and ceding all of his lands to the north of Blagaj Fort to the Empire. Premise Mehmet II chose not to engage in winter operations and retreated bringing 100,000 prisoners and leaving Mimert (Minnet) Bey in charge in Bosnia. He also didn't have other choice as their horses were exhausted and the supply lines were inefficient. King Matthias Corvinus sent a couple thousand ecclesiastic army to the Lower Sava Valley and the Black Army of Hungary led by John Pongrácz de Dengeleg and supplemented by the Szeklers to the village of Keve. He also envoyed a garrison to his Adriatic subject, the Republic of Ragusa as a preventive measure. He also commissioned ambassadors to the Signoria of Venice and Pope Pius II. Both of them promised financial aid, the Holy See granted a sum sufficient for the military service payment of 1000 cavalry for an year. Venice offered 20,000 ducats for the Anti-Ottoman defense. Matthias ordered all dispensable transport points to sail to the enlist point at Petrovaradin. Matthias sought a long-term alliance with Venice. In 12 September just before the launch of the attack Matthias and Venetian orator John Emo in the camp in Petrovaradin. The terms were: They form a mutual protective and offensive alliance against the Turks They don't conclude peace unbeknownst to the other The Republic of Venice provides 40 galleys and puts all of her Dalmatian and Peloponnese captains on a war footing The parties involved won't violate each other's territorial integrity

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The Ottoman Fought Battle of Breadfield In 1479

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Duration: 5:22
Updated: 22 May 2015

The Battle of Breadfield (Hungarian: Kenyérmezei csata, Romanian: Bătălia de la Câmpul Pâinii, Turkish: Ekmek Otlak Savaşı) was the most tremendous conflict fought in Transylvania up to that time in the Hungarian-Turkish Wars taking place on October 13, 1479, on the Breadfield Zsibód (Şibot) near the Mureş River. The Hungarian army was led by Pál Kinizsi, István Báthory, Vuk Branković, and Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân. The result of the battle was an important victory for the Kingdom of Hungary. Turkish marauders attacked Transylvania and Vojvodina several times between 1474 and 1475. The attacks led to the depopulation of some areas with a number of villages abandoned by their inhabitants. After the Ottoman--Venetian War (1463--79) in the spring of 1479, a major Turkish army convened under Szendrő, above all Akıncıs. When King Matthias was alerted, he ordered Stephen Báthory, the Voivode of Transylvania and his general Pál Kinizsi to mobilize. The Turkish army entered Transylvania on October 9, near Kelnek (Câlnic), led by Ali Kodsha bey. The Akıncıs attacked a few villages, homesteads and market towns, taking a number of Hungarians, Vlachs and Saxons captive. On October 13, Kodsha bey set up his camp in the Breadfield (Kenyérmező), near Zsibót. Kodsha bey was obliged into the campaign by the insistence of Basarab cel Tânăr, a Wallachian prince, who himself brought 1,000--2,000 footmen to the cause. The Turks continued pillaging and taking prisoners, while Báthory and Kinizsi made preparations to set forth against the Turks. The Hungarian and the Ottoman army The numerical strength of the Turkish army is under debate; one estimate judged them to be a 60,000, while Hungarian sources placed them closer to 30,000. Jan Długosz, the famous Polish chronicler, estimated the Ottoman forces to have been 100 thousand men-at-arms, but Matthias Corvinus estimated there were 43-45,000 Ottoman and Wallachian soldiers in his letters. A more probable number for Ottoman forces was between 6-20 thousand soldiers, and 1,000-2,000 Wallachians. The Ottoman army was almost entirely made up of Akıncıs, rumelian Spakhs and Azaps, with some Janissaries and possibly some cannon. The Turkish enterprise was not full-fledged war effort, but rather a very substantial raiding one - the largest expedition Transylvania encountered during a century's worth of Hungarian-Turkish conflicts. Kinizsi's army consisted of Hungarian, Szekler, Serbian, Transylvanian Saxon forces, and some Vlach volunteers. The latter were commanded by Basarab cel Bătrân, quondam ruler of Wallachia and archrival to cel Tânăr. Accordingly, cel Tânăr insisted on equality with cel Bătrân, with only one being tenable to the Wallachian throne. The combined Christian forces totaled approximated 12,000 to 15,000 men. In the judgement of some, Poles, Moldavians, Russians, Lithuanians, Germans and Bohemians were privy in part to the battle, but rather difficult to substantiate. Both armies were composed of three columns. The right flank of the Hungarian army was led by Kinizsi, the left was the Serbian light cavalry under Vuk Branković and Demeter Jakšić with the Saxons and Báthory's forces in the center. On the Ottoman side, Kodsha bey took the left flank, Isa bey the center and Malkoch Oglu the right flank. The battle commenced in the afternoon, Báthory fell from his horse and the Ottomans nearly captured him, but a valiant Antal Nagy whisked the voivode away. Having joined battle, the Ottomans were in ascendancy early on, but Kinizsi charged against the Turks with the Hungarian heavy cavalry and 900 Serbs under a Jakšić assisted by "numerous courtiers of the king". Ali bey was forced to retreat. Kinizsi moved laterally to vigorously smash the Turkish center and before long Isa bey also withdrew. The few Turks who survived the massacre fled into the mountains, where the majority were killed by the local population. The hero of the battle was Pál Kinizsi, the legendary Hungarian general and a man of Herculean bodily strength in the service of Matthias Corvinus' Black Army of Hungary. Aftermath Turkish casualties were extremely high with several thousand men killed, among them Malkoçoğlu and Isa bey along with together with two beys and a thousand of their Wallachian allies. Hungarian forces lost approximately 3,000 men in the battle. A few prisoners were liberated and their ransom was immense.

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The Ottoman Siege of Belgrade In 1456

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Duration: 15:05
Updated: 22 May 2015

The Siege of Belgrade or Battle of Belgrade or Siege of Nándorfehérvár occurred from July 4 to July 22, 1456. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II rallied his resources in order to subjugate the Kingdom of Hungary. His immediate objective was the border fort of the town of Belgrade (in old Hungarian Nándorfehérvár). John Hunyadi, a Hungarian nobleman and warlord who had fought many battles against the Ottomans in the previous two decades, prepared the defenses of the fortress. The siege eventually escalated into a major battle, during which Hunyadi led a sudden counterattack that overran the Ottoman camp, ultimately compelling the wounded Sultan Mehmed II to lift the siege and retreat. The battle had significant consequences, as it stabilized the southern frontiers of the Kingdom of Hungary for more than half a century and thus considerably delayed the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. The Pope celebrated the victory as well, and he previously ordered all Catholic kingdoms to pray for the victory of the defenders of Belgrade. This led to the noon bell ritual that is still undertaken in Catholic and old Protestant churches to this day. Since 2011, the date 22 July, when Christian forces led by John Hunyadi defeated the Ottoman Turks besieging Belgrade in 1456, has been a national memorial day in Hungary At the end of 1455, after a public reconciliation with all his enemies, Hunyadi began preparations. At his own expense, he provisioned and armed the fortress. Leaving in it a strong garrison under the command of his brother-in-law Mihály Szilágyi and his own eldest son László. Hunyadi then proceeded to form a relief army and an additional fleet of two hundred corvettes. The barons feared Hunyadi's growing power more than the Ottoman threat, and left Hunyadi entirely to his own resources. A Franciscan friar allied with Hunyadi, Giovanni da Capistrano, preached a crusade to attract peasants and yeomanry to Hunyadi's cause. The recruits were ill-armed (many with only slings and scythes) but full of enthusiasm. The recruits flocked to the standard of Hunyadi, the core of which consisted of a small band of seasoned mercenaries and a few banderia of noble horsemen. All in all, Hunyadi managed to build a force of 25--30,000 men. Siege However, before these forces could be assembled, Mehmed II's invasion army (160,000 men in early accounts, 60-70,000 according to newer research) arrived at Belgrade. On July 4, 1456, the siege began. Szilágyi could rely on a force of only 5,000-7,000 men in the castle. Mehmed set up his siege on the neck of the headland and started firing on the walls on June 29. He arrayed his men in three sections. The Rumelian (that is, European) corps had the majority of his 300 cannons, and his fleet of 200 or so river vessels had the rest. The Rumelians were arrayed on the right wing and the Anatolian corps was arrayed on the left. In the middle were the sultan's personal guards, the janissaries, and his command post. The Anatolian corps and the janissaries were both heavy infantry troops. Mehmed posted his river vessels mainly to the northwest of the city to patrol the marshes and ensure that the fortress was not reinforced. They also kept an eye on the Sava to the southwest to avoid the infantry's being outflanked by Hunyadi's army. The Danube to the east was guarded by the spahi, the sultan's light cavalry corps, to avoid being outflanked on the right. When word of this reached Hunyadi, he was in the south of Hungary recruiting additional light cavalry troops for the army with which he intended to lift the siege. Although relatively few of his fellow nobles were willing to provide manpower, the peasants were more than willing to do so. Cardinal Giovanni Capistrano had been sent to Hungary by the Vatican both to preach against heretics, and to preach the Crusade against the Ottomans. Capistrano managed to raise a large, albeit poorly trained and equipped, peasant army, with which he left for Belgrade. Capistrano and Hunyadi traveled together, but commanded separately. Between the two of them, they had roughly 40,000-50,000 men.

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The Second Ottoman Battle of Kosovo In 1448

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Duration: 6:59
Updated: 22 May 2015

The Second Battle of Kosovo (Hungarian: második rigómezei csata, Turkish: İkinci Kosova savaşı) (17 October--20 October 1448) was fought at Kosovo Polje between a coalition of the Kingdom of Hungary and Wallachia led by John Hunyadi, against an Ottoman-led coalition under Sultan Murad II. In 1448, John Hunyadi saw the right moment to lead a campaign against the Ottoman Empire. After the Defeat of Varna (1444), he raised another army to attack the Ottomans. His strategy was based on an expected revolt of the Balkan people, a surprise attack, and destroying the main force of the Ottomans in a single battle. Hunyadi was totally immodest and led his forces without leaving any escort behind. In September 1448 Hunyadi led the Hungarian forces across the Danube river and camped them in Serbia next to Kovin, just outside the Serbian capital of Smederevo. For a full month the Hungarians were encamped there awaiting the German crusaders, the Wallachian Duke as well as the Bohemian and Albanian army. The Albanian army under Skanderbeg did not participate in this battle as he was prevented from linking with the Hunyadi's army by the Ottomans and their allies. It is believed that he was delayed by Đurađ Branković, then allied with Sultan Murad II, although Brankovic's exact role is disputed. As a result Skanderbeg ravaged Branković's domains as a punishment for the desertion of Christian cause. The Serbian Despot Đurađ Branković reacted ambiguously at the trespassing and negotiated the terms of joining the Crusade against the Ottomans over that period of time. Hunyadi had told Brankovic that he had brought 20,000 of his own men, awaiting additional reinforcements, and that he [Brankovic] with his light cavalry was the only ally necessary to make this a decisive victory. Brankovic was weary, having had his realm restored after a full-scale Ottoman occupation only in 1444, and, fully aware of the strength of the Ottoman military force, wanting to keep his throne. Despot Brankovic was also unwilling to set himself under Hunyadi's command under any condition, as he personally disliked him, considering him of lower stature. The central point of the dispute between Hunyadi and Brankovic was their personal quarrel. After the Peace of Szeged in 1444 which restored the Serbian Despotate and Brankovic's reign in it, the Serbian despot had worked on achieving a peace in the region hoping to remove his country from jeopardy. This had included gifting Hunyadi the Serbian despot's possessions in the Hungarian Kingdom in favor of a pacifist approach. After Hunyadi eventually joined the warmongering side, Brankovic had asked for the return of his properties, which Hunyadi rejected. This led to Brankovic's straining away from Hungary and getting into a closer relationship with the Ottoman Empire, in an effort to protect his realm, as well as to a strong hostility towards Hunyadi and the negotiations ended as a failure. The Serbian rejection and positioning as a neutral side had led to Hunyadi's fury and the Crusaders' decision to treat Serbia as hostile territory. At the end of the negotiations, Hunyadi had threatened to kill Brankovic in person after his country was occupied. In late September 1448, Hunyadi had amassed 30,000 men and moved southwards. The Crusaders pillaged and burned across Serbia, but the Serb Despot gave an explicit order of free passage, refusing to mount a reaction. However, he not only informed Sultan Murad II of the Crusaders' advance, out of both personal interest of friendship with the sultan and anger towards Hunyadi, but also gave him tactical strategic advice regarding the best way to defeat the Crusaders, a plan which the Ottomans followed. The idea included letting the Europeans advance deep into Serbian territory, far away from their homeland and then cut off their supply routes, effectively closing them in from all sides and trapping them. Battle The Crusaders arrived at the Kosovo Field, the same place the most famous battle in Kosovo in 1389, between Serbs and Ottomans, had occurred, facing an Ottoman army of up to 60,000. Sultan Murad personally commanded a large section of cannons and janissaries, while his son and successor Mehmed, who faced battle for the first time, led the Anatolian troops at the right wing. Hunyadi commanded the center of his army at the battle, while the Crusaders right wing was under the Wallachians. The Hungarians had long barrage cannons.

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The Ottoman Empire - The Conquest of The Ottoman Turks

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Duration: 89:06
Updated: 18 May 2015

The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I. As sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (today named Istanbul) in 1453, the state grew into a mighty empire. The Empire reached its apex under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century when it stretched from the Persian Gulf in the east to Hungary in the northwest; and from Egypt in the south to the Caucasus in the north. After its defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, however, the empire began a slow decline, culminating in the defeat of the empire by the Allies in World War I. The empire was dismantled by the Allies after the war ended in 1918. The empire comprised all or majority population centers of 37 modern independent nations, though all not at the same time: Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Cyprus, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary and Turkey as well as disputed nations that declared independence such as Kosovo, Palestine and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Ottoman military forces occupied temporarily parts of the modern nations of Iran, Russia, Italy, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Djibouti, Somalia and Malta. Several nations, such as Morocco, which never received Ottoman forces acknowledged its supremacy. With the demise of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (c. 1300), Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent states, the so-called Ghazi emirates. By 1300, a weakened Byzantine Empire had lost most of its Anatolian provinces to ten Ghazi principalities. One of the Ghazi emirates was led by Osman I (1258 – 1326), from which the name Ottoman is derived, son of Ertuğrul, around Eskişehir in western Anatolia. In the foundation myth expressed in the medieval Turkish story known as "Osman's Dream", the young Osman was inspired to conquest by a prescient vision of empire (according to his dream, the empire is a big tree whose roots spread through three continents and whose branches cover the sky). According to his dream the tree, which was Osman's Empire, issued four rivers from its roots, the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Nile and the Danube. Additionally, the tree shaded four mountain ranges, the Caucasus, the Taurus, the Atlas and the Balkan ranges. During his reign as Sultan, Osman I extended the frontiers of Turkish settlement toward the edge of the Byzantine Empire. In this period, a formal Ottoman government was created whose institutions would change drastically over the life of the empire. The government used the legal entity known as the millet system, under which religious and ethnic minorities were allowed to manage their own affairs with substantial independence from central control. In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the city of Bursa in 1324 and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. The fall of Bursa meant the loss of Byzantine control over Northwestern Anatolia. The important city of Thessaloniki was captured from the Venetians in 1387. The Ottoman victory at Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe. The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottoman Turks. With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The Empire controlled nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when Timur invaded Anatolia in the Battle of Ankara in 1402. He took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner. The capture of Bayezid I threw the Turks into disorder. The state fell into a civil war that lasted from 1402 to 1413, as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power, bringing an end to the Interregnum. The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II cemented the status of the Empire as the preeminent power in southeastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. After taking Constantinople, Mehmed met with the Orthodox patriarch, Gennadios and worked out an arrangement in which the Orthodox Church, in exchange for being able to maintain its autonomy and land, accepted Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the latter Byzantine Empire and the states of western Europe as epitomized by Loukas Notaras's famous remark "Better the Sultan's turban than the Cardinal's Hat", the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule.

http://wn.com/The_Ottoman_Empire_-_The_Conquest_of_The_Ottoman_Turks

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The Fourth Austro-Ottoman War Fought In 1663-64

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Duration: 6:13
Updated: 02 May 2015

The Austro--Turkish War (1663--1664) or fourth Austro--Turkish War was a short war between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. The Habsburg army under Raimondo Montecuccoli succeeded to halt the Ottoman army on its way to Vienna in the Battle of Saint Gotthard. Despite this Ottoman defeat, the war ended for them with the favourable Peace of Vasvár. The cause of this war was the invasion of Poland in 1658, by Prince George Rákóczy II of Transylvania without the permission of the Porte. Transylvania had after the Battle of Mohács in 1526 recognized Ottoman suzerainty and paid a tribute to the Porte and were given political and religious autonomy in return. On hearing about Rákóczy's unauthorized war, the Ottomans declared war on their vassal. It was not long before Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (Vizier 1656--1661) defeated Rákóczy and conquered Transylvania. The new Transylvanian prince, János Kemény, fled to Vienna, seeking Austrian support. Emperor Leopold I, not wishing to see Transylvania fall under direct Ottoman control, sent Montecuccoli into Hungary with a small army. Montecuccoli was severely outnumbered by the Ottomans. Meanwhile, in order to liberate Croatia and Hungary, Nikola Zrinski, the Ban of Croatia, was since 1661 doing his best to start a new Austro--Ottoman conflict by organizing raids into Ottoman territory from his stronghold Novi Zrin (Hung.: Zrínyiújvár). These raids and the presence of Montecuccoli's army made the Ottomans end the status-quo with Vienna, which existed between them since 1606. 1663 campaign In the summer of 1663, an Ottoman army of more than 100,000 strong under Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed entered Habsburg Hungary and in September conquered the town of Érsekújvár. The Habsburg commander Raimondo Montecuccoli had only his 12,000 men and the 15,000 Hungarian-Croatian troops of Nikola Zrinski to oppose the Turks. Emperor Leopold I summoned the Imperial Diet in January 1663, to ask the German and European Kings for help, with success. An army of 30,000 Bavarian, Brandenburg and Saxon troops was raised. Even arch-enemy Louis XIV of France sent an Army Corps of 6,000 under Jean de Coligny-Saligny in support. 1664 campaign At the beginning of 1664, the Imperial Army was divided into 3 Corps: In the south 17,000 Hungarian-Croatian troops under command of Nikola Zrinski. In the center the main army of Montecuccoli which was 28,500 men strong and in the north some 8,500 men under general Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches. There were some 12,500 men in reserve to defend the fortresses. This army of 66,500 men was not a unity, as the differences of opinion between the commanders were very strong, especially with Zrinski. As a preparation for campaigns planned for 1664, Zrinski set out to destroy the strongly fortified Ottoman bridge (the Osijek (Hung.:Eszék) bridge) which, since 1566, had linked Darda (Hung.:Dárda) to Osijek across the Drava and the marshes of Baranya. Destruction of the bridge would cut off the retreat of the Ottoman Army and make any Turkish reinforcement impossible for several months. Re-capturing strong fortresses (Berzence, Babócsa, the town of Pécs, etc.) on his way, Zrinski advanced 240 kilometers on enemy territory and destroyed the bridge on February 1, 1664. He didn't succeed in conquering Nagykanizsa, the main objective. The siege had to be lifted when in June the main army of Köprülü approached. The Turks besieged and conquered Zrinski's stronghold Novi Zrin, which had to be abandoned when Montecuccoli refused to come to its rescue. Zrinski would never forgive this, which would eventually lead to the Magnate conspiracy ("Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy" (Croatian: Zrinsko-frankopanska urota) in Croatia, and "Wesselényi conspiracy" (Hungarian: Wesselényi-összeesküvés) in Hungary). After the conquest of Novi Zrin, the Ottoman main army marched towards Vienna, but was stopped at the Rába river between Mogersdorf and the Szentgotthárd Abbey by Montecuccolis army. The Ottomans lost 16,000 to 22,000 of their best troops.

http://wn.com/The_Fourth_Austro-Ottoman_War_Fought_In_1663-64

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The Ottoman War Fought In Nagykanizsa

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Duration: 6:52
Updated: 02 May 2015

During the Siege of Naģykanizsa (Turkish: Kanije Savunması) in 1601, a small Ottoman force held the fortress of Naģykanizsa in western Hungary against a much larger coalition army of the Habsburg Monarchy, while inflicting heavy losses on its besiegers. This battle was part of the Long War between the Ottoman Empire and the House of Habsburg, lasting from 1593 to 1606. The April 21, 1521 gift from Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to his brother, Ferdinand I, of his Austrian territories created a Spanish branch of the Habsburgs as well as an Austrian branch who held the kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary and also the title of Holy Roman Emperor after the death of Charles in 1558. The decisive defeat by Suleiman the Magnificent of King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia at the Battle of Mohács in 1526 brought about the fall of the Jagiellon dynasty. Louis, the adopted son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, was killed in this battle and died childless at nineteen. Rival kings ruled for a time during the civil war that followed. John Zápolya (Hungarian:János Szapolyai) had not participated in Mohács and therefore was the only Hungarian aristocrat left with an army.[3] The rival claimaint was Louis' brother-in-law, Ferdinand I. After the Ottoman capture in 1541 of central Buda, which eventually merged with nearby Pest to become Budapest, the Kingdom of Hungary broke in three. Royal Hungary in the west came under Habsburg control and the Principality of Transylvania, or Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, became an Ottoman vassal state under János and later his son, who fled to Lippa with his mother after the fall of Buda. A period known as the fortress wars began. The Habsburgs built 100-120 forts they called the Bastion of Christianity, with the most important at Croatia, Slavonia, Kanizsa, Győr, Bányavidék and Upper Hungary. A fleet of sloops based in Komárom defended the Danube. The Ottomans also had 100-130 fortresses, at Buda-Pest, Esztergom and Temesvár. The long war After 1597, initial Ottoman victory looked more like stalemate. The imperial army took Győr in 1598 and Székesfehérvár in 1601; the Turkish army Nagykanizsa in 1600 and Székesfehérvárin in 1602. Ottoman tacticians complained that they were outgunned, but they were also better organized and did not have to rely on Habsburgs. When the war turned into the Bocskai revolt in 1604, both parties welcomed the 1606 Zsitvatorok peace, weary of destruction and the toll on their treasuries. Before the siege Naģykanizsa fell to Tiryaki Hasan Pasha in 1600, and the Ottoman Pasha took command of the fort with a garrison of seven thousand men. The captured town became the capital of Kanije Eyalet, an administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire that lasted until the empire's collapse at the end of the century. Kanije Eyalet combined the territory around Nagykanizsa with Zigetvar Eyalet, established in 1596 from parts of Bosnia and another province. This new Ottoman province was only twenty miles from the Austrian duchy of Styria and "caused consternation at the imperial court and at the Holy See."[4] Clement VIII decreed a third invasion of Hungary, this time under his nephew Gian Francesco Aldobrandini. The Ottoman army pulled most of its soldiers from the region after these conquests. Ferdinand II, commander of the Habsburg coalition army, saw an opportunity and laid siege to Nagykanizsa on 9 September 1601 with an army of 35000 men, cutting all supply routes to the fortress. The siege of Naģykanizsa The Habsburg coalition had 35,000 men and 40 cannon, as well as soldiers from Italy, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Malta and Walloon and Italian mercenaries of Vatican.[citation needed] The Ottoman forces of just 9,000 janissaries and 100 small cannons had only limited food and weapons, so Tiryaki Hasan Pasha initially ordered his troops to use their rifles only. Ferdinand ordered an attack, thinking that the Ottomans only had rifles. This mistake led the coalition army into a trap. The 100 cannons caused heavy losses; coalition forces redoubled their efforts and saw even more losses. Tiryaki Hasan Pasha used psychological warfare, pretending he had enough food and arms to resist coalition attacks for a long time. He also sent messages that the Ottoman army in Belgrade was on its way to lift the siege on Naģykanizsa. All these things were written on notes and placed in the pockets of dead soldiers, lying outside the fortress. This news angered[citation needed] Ferdinand II even more and resulted in even more and severe attacks on the fortress. To keep its own the morale high and make it seem that the Ottomans were feasting daily, Hasan ordered the military band to play every day.

http://wn.com/The_Ottoman_War_Fought_In_Nagykanizsa

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The Ottoman War Fought In Keresztes

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Duration: 6:41
Updated: 02 May 2015

The Battle of Keresztes (Also known as the Battle of Mezőkeresztes) (Turkish: Haçova Muharebesi) took place on 24--26 October 1596. The battle was fought between a combined Habsburg-Transylvanian force and the Ottoman Empire near the village of Mezőkeresztes (Turkish: Haçova) in northern Hungary. The battle ended with a victory by the Ottoman Empire. Lord Kinross, a early 20th-century historian, said that if the Ottoman Empire had been defeated, they would have lost Hungary and part of Bulgaria. On 23 June 1596, an Ottoman Army marched from the city of Constantinople. Commanded by Sultan Mehmed III, the army marched through Edirne, Filibe (now known as Plovdiv), Sofia and Niš to arrive at Belgrade on 9 August. On 20 August, the army crossed the River Sava by bridge and entered the Austrian territory of Siren. A war council was called at Slankamen Castle, and it was decided that they would begin a siege on the Hungarian fort of Eger (Erlau). The fort controlled the communication routes between Habsburg Austria and Transylvania, all of whom were in revolt against the Ottoman suzerainty. However, news soon arrived that the Austrians had besieged and succeeded in taking over the Castle of Hatvan and had killed all the Ottomans housed there, including the women and children. The Ottoman Army started a siege on the fort of Eger on 21 September 1596, and by 12 October the castle had capitulated. As a retaliation to the Hatvan castle massacre, the defenders of this castle were all executed. Not long after, Ottoman command received the report that a mixed army of Austrians and Transylvanians were advancing towards the Ottoman expeditionary force. A war council was conducted under Grand Vizier Damat Ibrahim Pasha. It was decided that the Ottoman Army should march out of the Erlau castle so as to meet the Austrians at a suitable battle terrain. The Sultan thought that the Ottoman army should disengage and return to Constantinople; it was with great difficulty that he was persuaded to engage the enemy forces. Battle The Ottoman army marched through several passageways of marshy terrain and reached Haçova (Turkish meaning: Plain of the Cross), exhausted after a long siege and a hard, long march. The two armies faced each other on the plains of Haçova (Hungarian: Mezőkeresztes). The Austrian-Transylvanian army, under the joint command of Archduke Maximillian III of Austria and prince Sigismund Bathory of Transylvania, was in position in fortified trenches. When the Ottoman army attacked the Austrian trenches, the Battle of Haçova commenced and continued for two days, from 25--26 October 1596. Early firearms (cannons, rifles) were used extensively in the battle. The Austrians, being entrenched around the old ruined church, succeeded in driving back the Ottoman assaults with a barrage of cannon and musket fire. By the second day of battle the Ottoman Army appeared to have been defeated. According to the 17th Century Ottoman historian İbrahim Peçevi: "The Christians broke through the Ottoman army, but the soldiers of the Islam had not yet felt the defeat. Then, they started to plunder and taking of booty at the command headquarters of the Ottomans. Under a few flags, a large group of Christian soldiers attacked the tent where the chests of gold money of the Ottoman Exchequer were kept. They killed and otherwise eliminated the Janissary and household cavalry soldiers guarding the State Treasury. The Christian soldiers got on the Treasury chests of gold coin and put up their flags of cross over them and started to dance around them." Commander Sultan Mehmed III wanted to flee from the battlefield. However, first he asked for the opinion of his tutor, the high cleric Hoca Sadeddin Efendi, Efendi told the Sultan that he should continue the battle till the end. Heeding this advice, Sultan Mehmed III ordered that the battle should continue. On the second day of the battle, the fighting intensified. Troops from the Austrian army had reached the Sultan's tent, which was surrounded by the viziers and the teachers at the Palace Pages School for protection. While some troops were trying to enter the Sultan's tent, the other Austrian army's soldiers disengaged, in search of booty and plunder instead of continuing the engagement. The Ottoman horse groomers, cooks, tent makers, camels minders retaliated against the plunderers with whatever arms they could find, including cooks' spoons, blocks of wood, hammers for tent making, adzes, and axes for cutting wood. The Austrians were surprised and retreated in confusion. The cries of "the Christian enemy is fleeing" were heard by the Ottoman troops still fighting what seemed like a losing battle on the frontline. The boost of morale allowed them to recover the battle. With a major action from the artillery, the Ottoman forces started another attack on the Austrians across the front and outflanked the Austrian-Transylvanian army, routing them.

http://wn.com/The_Ottoman_War_Fought_In_Keresztes

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How The Ottoman Empire Captured Eger

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Duration: 10:12
Updated: 02 May 2015

The Siege of Eger occurred during the 16th century Ottoman Wars in Europe. In 1552 the forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Kara Ahmed Pasha laid siege on the Castle of Eger, located in the northern part of the Kingdom of Hungary, but the defenders led by István Dobó repelled the attacks and defended the castle. Later, the siege has become an emblem of national defense and patriotic heroism in Hungary. The Ottoman Sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, commenced his expansion of the empire in 1520 after the reign of Selim I. He began assaults against Hungarian and Austrian influenced territories, invading Hungarian soil in 1526. The Hungarian Army was crushed at the Battle of Mohács and the way was paved for an attack on the Danube Basin. The battle also brought about the death of the King of Hungary and Bohemia, Louis II, leading to a disputed claim for the throne. The Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I succeeded to the Bohemian throne but was challenged to the Hungarian throne by the pretender John Zápolya whose claim was backed by nobles and the Sultan. The power struggle continued beyond John's death in 1540 when his son, John II Sigismund Zápolya succeeded to the throne. It was not resolved until he renounced the throne in 1570 when he was succeeded by Maximilian I. The Ottomans met resistance during the Siege of Güns (Kőszeg) in 1532, where a force of 800 men under Miklós Jurisich managed to hold back the Ottoman armies. However, this only delayed their campaign by 25 days, and they continued to close in on Buda, finally occupying the capital in 1541. Buda became the seat of Ottoman rule in the area, with the Ottoman supported John II governing the occupied territories. The loss of Christian forts at Temesvár and Szolnok in 1552 were blamed on mercenary soldiers within the Hungarian ranks. When the Turks turned their attention to the northern Hungarian town of Eger in the same year few expected the defenders to put up much resistance, particularly as the two great armies of the Ottoman lords Ahmed and Ali, which had crushed all opposition previously, united before Eger. Eger was an important stronghold and key to the defense of the remainder of Hungarian soil. North of Eger lay the poorly reinforced city of Kassa (present day Košice), the centre of an important region of mines and associated mints, which provided the Hungarian Kingdom with large amounts of quality silver and gold coinage. Besides allowing a take-over of that revenue source, the fall of Eger would also enable the Ottoman Empire to secure an alternative logistic and troop route for further west-ward military expansion, possibly allowing the Turks to lay sieges on Vienna more frequently. The Castle of Eger is located east of the town on a hillside. Its actual location was not ideal from a military point of view - the castle overlooks only the southern and western parts of the walled town - however, it had the advantage over the Ottoman forces as it provided excellent locations for gun positions. The castle comprised an inner and outer fortress with a gate tower to the southeast and 6 bastions on the walls - the Earth Bastion and Prison Bastion to the northwest, Sándor Bastion on the north wall, Bolyky Bastion on the northeast corner, Bebek Bastion on the eastern corner of the outer fortress and the Dobó Bastion on the western wall. The Varkoch gate sat on the southern wall of the inner fortress while a further bastion, Church Bastion, lay at the centre of the wall separating the two parts of the fortress. The fortress of Eger was built on the ruins of an earlier stone fort, which replaced an ancient earthen encampment, possibly erected by the Huns. This made Eger's foundations stronger than usual and greatly hindered the work of Ottoman miners. As was usual during sieges at that time, both the attackers and the defenders tried to dig tunnels under the walls and plant gunpowder charges to either open gaps into the fortress or destroy the attacker's trenches. None of these attempts were successful during the siege of Eger. Siege The old Hungarian data and Gárdonyi's value of the size of the Ottoman Army (150-200,000 men) are romantic exaggeration. In reality the Ottoman army numbered 35-40,000 men from the Rumelian army (and an Anatolian contingent) and the troops of Ahmed Pasha from Buda. The Ottomans had 16 zarbuzans (very large siege cannons) as well as 150 medium and smaller pieces of artillery and a fleet of two thousand camels, which proved to be highly useful in the collection and transportation of wood to the site used for the construction of temporary siege platforms. The defenders had 6 large and about a dozen smaller cannons and about 300 trench guns with ample supplies of ammunition.

http://wn.com/How_The_Ottoman_Empire_Captured_Eger

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The Ottoman Attack On Gorjani

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Duration: 2:17
Updated: 02 May 2015

The Battle of Gorjani (Croatian: Bitka kod Gorjana; Hungarian: Diakovári csata, German: Schlacht bei Gorjani) was a battle fought on 9 October 1537 at Gorjani, a place in Slavonia between Đakovo and Valpovo, as part of the Little War in Hungary as well as the Hundred Years' Croatian--Ottoman War. After seven years of war and the failed Siege of Vienna in 1529, the Treaty of Constantinople was signed, in which John Szapolyai was recognized by the Austrians as King of Hungary as an Ottoman vassal, and the Ottomans recognized Habsburg rule over Royal Hungary. This treaty satisfied neither John Szapolyai nor Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, whose armies began to skirmish along the borders. Ferdinand decided to strike a decisive blow in 1537 at John, thereby violating the treaty. Battle Ferdinand sent an army of 24,000 men (Austrians, Hungarians, Germans, Bohemians, Italians, Croats) under command of Johann Katzianer to take Osijek. Very badly prepared, the siege came to nothing, because the allied army was decimated by disease and starvation before it could even besiege the city. The army had to withdraw, and got stuck in the swamps of Gorjani, near Đakovo and Valpovo on the Drava river, and their entire heavy armament was lost. Katzianer fled with the cavalry and abandoned his army. Count Ludwig Lodron remained to engage the Ottoman relief army that had pursued them (led by border commanders), but the entire force was annihilated. A reported 20,000 men were killed, including generals Ludwig Lodron and Pavle Bakić. Aftermath This campaign was a disaster of similar magnitude to that of Mohács and therefore nicknamed the Austrian Mohacs. The news of the defeat came as a shock in Vienna and a new Treaty of Nagyvárad was signed in 1538. Katzianer was arrested, and Nikola Jurišić took his place as the commander of Croatian defence. Some time later, Katzianer escaped the Vienna prison and hid at the Zrinski estates, before he lost favor with them, and was executed.

http://wn.com/The_Ottoman_Attack_On_Gorjani

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Ferdinand's Hungarian campaign of 1527-28 Against The Ottoman Empire

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Duration: 1:12
Updated: 02 May 2015

The Hungarian campaign of 1527--1528 was launched by Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria and King of Hungary and Bohemia against the Ottoman Turks. Following the Battle of Mohács, the Ottomans were forced to withdraw as events elsewhere in their now massive Empire required the Sultan's attention. Seizing upon their absence, Ferdinand I attempted to enforce his claim as King of Hungary. In 1527 he drove back the Ottoman vassal John Zápolya and captured Buda, Győr, Komárno, Esztergom, and Székesfehérvár by 1528. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, took no action at this stage despite the pleas of his vassal. Aftermath For the Austrians, the victory here would be a very disappointing one. On 10 May 1529, Suleiman the Magnificent launched his own counter-attack negating all of Ferdinand's gains. Of greater disappointment was the fact that many of the recently captured forts surrendered without resistance, greatly speeding up the advance. As a result, Suleiman was able to reach and besiege Vienna.

http://wn.com/Ferdinand's_Hungarian_campaign_of_1527-28_Against_The_Ottoman_Empire

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Brief Introduction To The Ottoman-Habsburg Fought Wars.

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Duration: 27:45
Updated: 27 Aug 2014
author: OttomanHarem

The Ottoman--Habsburg wars were fought from 16th through 18th century between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg (later Austrian) Empire, which was at times...

http://wn.com/Brief_Introduction_To_The_Ottoman-Habsburg_Fought_Wars.

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The Ottoman - Balkan Wars

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Duration: 28:11
Updated: 04 Sep 2014
author: MagnificentCentury

The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman ...

http://wn.com/The_Ottoman_-_Balkan_Wars

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TKR: Darkest Hour Kaiserreich Ottoman Empire Part 77 Invasion of Hungary

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Duration: 21:24
Updated: 13 Jul 2014
author: KingIvar

Invasion of Hungary In this Let's Play of the Kaiserreich mod for Darkest Hour I try to restore the Ottoman Empire. If you want to play with the mod: http://...

http://wn.com/TKR_Darkest_Hour_Kaiserreich_Ottoman_Empire_Part_77_Invasion_of_Hungary

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TKR: Darkest Hour Kaiserreich Ottoman Empire Part 81 Annexing Hungary

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Duration: 21:13
Updated: 12 Jul 2014

Hungary hungry Ottoman In this Let's Play of the Kaiserreich mod for Darkest Hour I try to restore the Ottoman Empire. If you want to play with the mod: http://bit.ly/Kaiserbrot If you want to buy Darkest Hour: http://bit.ly/darkestminute If you want to watch more videos like the one you just watched then subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/TheKingIvar And if you like my rambling you should follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/King_Ivar Hi, so you are one of a rare speacies who reads the description, I like you. So this channel is primarily focused of strategy games and games set in history. I cover from indie to AAA strategy games and give my opinion of them in a series I call Kings Opinion. You can compare it to Total Biscuits WTF or Northernlions Let's look at but for strategy games. I also do let's plays but I brand them as The King Rules and I do/will do let's plays of all sorts of strategy games, from indie to AAA, from city builders to grand strategy... I release 35 videos a week and each one is about 20 minutes long so about 12 hours of video content a week. I would love to do more but for the time being that is how much content I can put up. If this sounds appealing Subscribe, I would gratefully appreciate if you do.

http://wn.com/TKR_Darkest_Hour_Kaiserreich_Ottoman_Empire_Part_81_Annexing_Hungary

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Let's Play DarthMod Empire - Ottoman Empire Part 8

Order: Reorder
Duration: 42:53
Updated: 10 Jul 2014
author: Dragon Marshall

LIKE, COMMENT, SUBSCRIBE! Hungary is Ottoman, now is time to switch our attention to the East.

http://wn.com/Let's_Play_DarthMod_Empire_-_Ottoman_Empire_Part_8

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Europa Universalis IV - Bosnia Part 7 - Ottoman Invasion

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Duration: 28:40
Updated: 01 Sep 2014
author: Dragon Marshall

Ottomans and Hungary invade, everything I built is in danger.

http://wn.com/Europa_Universalis_IV_-_Bosnia_Part_7_-_Ottoman_Invasion

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NUTSHELL OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND EUROPEAN TRADING DURING 1600-1700

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Duration: 50:39
Updated: 15 Nov 2013

DIPLOMACY HAVE TO DO WITH RELATION WITH OTHER EXTERNAL AND ADMINISTRATION IS INTERNAL ISSUE.FRANCE AND HUNGARY INFLUENCED OTTOMAN EMPIRE THE MOST.OTTOMAN WERE FIGHTING WITH HUNGARY AND GETTING CULTURAL EXCHANGE.IN TRADE IT IS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES.IN OTTOMAN EMPIRE YOU HAD LOCAL MERCHANCT WHO WERE ARAB,GREEK,TURKS,ARMENIAN,SERBS,MOSTLY ARABS,JEWS AND GREEK WHO WERE WIDE SPREAD 6 GROUPS EMERGED.ALL 6 GROUPS COULD TRADE WITH EACH OTHER.MAKE CONTRACT EACH OTHER.UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER BUSINESS.THEY TRADED WITH EACH OTHER.THEY UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER BUSINESS WITH EACH OTHER.OWN GROUP IS THE BEST WAY THAT YOU ARE NOT EXPECULATIVE.THE MODERN ECONOMY AND TRADE IS A BIGGER AREA OF THE ECONOMY.THEY HAD SOCIAL NETWORKING.THEY MADE FAMILY OR INTER FAMILY ALLIANCE.THEY CREATED NETWORK OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITY.PARTNERSHIP WERE CREATED,ASSOCIATE AND ALSO COULD BE ASSOCIATE AS FRIENDS."FRIEND" IS A WORD USED THE PERSON WHO WAS TRUSTED.ECONOMY STARTED WITH GROUP OF BUSINESS.EUROPEAN ALL OF THEM WITH EACH OTHER. THEY TRADED WITH DIFFERENT ORGANIZATION WAYS. 1ST THROW EXTERNAL FAMILY RELATIONSHIP EXAMPLE IN ARAB FAMILY 5 OR 7 SONS AND THEY WERE SPREAD AROUND TO DO BUSINESS. 2ND THROW MARRY YOUR DAUGHTER MARRY TO ONE OF HER TRUSTED COUSIN. SON-IN-LAW OR NEPHEW OR COUSIN COULD BE USED FOR TRADE TO HAVE SEPERATED BUSINESS. NO BODY WANTED TO DO BUSINESS A HUGE INVESMENT. SHARE RISK AND PROFIT FROM DIFFERENT SECTOR. THEY TRADED THROW FAMILY NETWORK LINKED THROW KINGSHIP OR BLOOD RELATIONSHIPS.YOU HAVE GROUP OF FRIENDS.ALL OVER WORLD LIKE ITALY OR DAMUSCUS HAD THE SAME NOTION TRDING BY NETWORK OF KINGSHIP(FAMILY BOND OR BLOOD RELATED) AND FRIENDSHIP.THEY HAD TO TRUST EACH OTHER A IMPORTANT FACTOR OF BUSINESS. NETWORK OF TRUST IS VERY IMPORTANT.PEOPLE SENT THEIR REPRESENTITIVE FAR AWAY. THEIR WERE MULTI NATION TERRITORY BUSINESSES.DOCUMANTIATION WAS DONE IN TRADE NETWORK AND THEY USED TO WRITE BOOKS.DUTCH DIPLOMAT WRITE ABOUT OTHER DIPLOMAT AND THEY SENT INFORMATION. THEY HAD A COMMON LANGUAGE IN TRADING WHICH IS WHAT IS ACCPETABLE OR WHAT IS NOT. ONE HABERMAS GERMAN WROTE HOW INTERNATION TRADE STRATED FROM 1600 LET TO THE ESTABLISHMENT LET TO A COMMON BODY OF KNOWLEDGE WHICH RELATE TO TRADING .ARBITRAGE(WHEN A PRICE OF DOLLAR OR EURO GOES UP OR DOWN WHEN THE CURRENCY LOW AND SELL IT WHEN IT HIGH.HE BOUGHT ONE CURRENCY AGAINST OTHER BY SELLING.THIS CURRENCY WILL VALUE IN 9 MONTHS TIME AND YOU WILL GET A HUGE VALUE OF MONEY). IDEA MAKE A BETTER BUSINESS.HORIZENTAL CONNECTION WHICH DEVELOP SIMILR VALUE IN TRADING.TRADE BETWEEN MIDDLE-EAST OR EUROPE ALL TRADING TOOK UPTO 2 YEARS.FOR EXAMPLE A EUROPEAN BUSINESS SENT CLOTH TO IZMIR IT GO THROW MANY PEOPLE.A BRITISH LEE MERCHANT CONTACT A MANUFACTURER OR BUSSINES COLLEGUE SAMUEL IN MANCESTER .HE SEE SAMPLE OF CLOTHS AND SAMPLE WILL BE SENT TO ALEPPO THROW SHIP AND LEE JUNIOR GO TO HIS BROKEN WHO IS LOCAL ARAB,JEW IN ALEPPO.HE WILL SAY THEM IF THE SAMPLE CAN BE SOLD IN LOCAL MARKET OR NOT. SO THE BROKER WILL HAVE A PARTNER.ALSO A BROKER WILL BE PAYED A COMMISION FEE.WHEN THE SAMPLE IS APPROVED THEN A LETTER OR SHIP TOOK 4-6 MONTHS SENT TO LONDON AND ONCE IT GO TO LONDON IT BUYED AND A SENT A PACKAGE FROM MANSCESTER TO LONDON AND ONCE IT GO TO ALEPPO LEE JUNIOR WILL CONTRACT WITH BROKER IF A CARAVAN IS COMMING IN SILK TRADE AND WHEN CARAVAN COME PRICE GOES UP FOR EVERYTHING AND YOU.LEE JUNIOR SALES IT AND HE IS BUYING SILK.TRUST,KNOWLEDGE WAS CALLED SOCIAL CAPITAL AS ECONOMY DIDN'T MOVED THAT FAST DURING THAT TIME.AS TIME PASSED INTESTEST IS PAYED AND CURRENCY IS USED.EVERYBODY USED TO BUY CREDIT. IN CONCLUSION THIS CHANGES HELPING INDIVIDUAL TO DO BETTER. MERCHANT BIGGEST OR UPPER CLASS OF JANNISARRIES AND LOWER LEVEL MIDDLE LEVEL LOW LEVEL MERCHANT NON-MUSLIM OTTOMAN WERE HELPED.OFTEN START WITH BROKER AND BECOME MERCHANT. MUSLIM FOUND IN TRADING WERE ARABS OLD FAMILY COFFEE TRADE,TURKS,JANISSARIES.IN THE REST OF THE BALKAN AND ANATOLIA LAND OWNERS.

http://wn.com/NUTSHELL_OF_OTTOMAN_EMPIRE_AND_EUROPEAN_TRADING_DURING_1600-1700

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Supreme Ruler 2020 - The Ottoman Empire - Part 4

Order: Reorder
Duration: 35:31
Updated: 13 Aug 2014
author: InfinitumGamer

The Turkish military makes heavy gains in the Balkans, attacking Bosnia, Serbia and Hungary in quick succession. Now that the Ottomans have a stranglehold on...

http://wn.com/Supreme_Ruler_2020_-_The_Ottoman_Empire_-_Part_4

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The Ottoman Battle of Vaslui In 1475

Order: Reorder
Duration: 23:29
Updated: 02 May 2015

The Battle of Vaslui (also referred to as the Battle of Podul Înalt or the Battle of Racova) was fought on January 10, 1475 between Stephen III of Moldavia and the Ottoman Beylerbey of Rumelia, Hadân Suleiman Pasha. The battle took place at Podul Înalt (the High Bridge), near the town of Vaslui, in Moldavia (now part of eastern Romania). The Ottoman troops numbered up to 120,000, facing about 40,000 Moldavian troops, plus smaller numbers of allied and mercenary troops. Stephen inflicted a decisive defeat on the Ottomans, described as "the greatest ever secured by the Cross against Islam," with casualties, according to Venetian and Polish records, reaching beyond 40,000 on the Ottoman side. Mara Brankovic (Mara Hatun), the former younger wife of Murad II, told a Venetian envoy that the invasion had been worst ever defeat for the Ottomans. Stephen was later awarded the title "Athleta Christi" (Champion of Christ) by Pope Sixtus IV, who referred to him as "Verus christiane fidei aletha" (The true defender of the Christian faith). According to the Polish chronicler Jan Długosz, Stephen did not celebrate his victory; instead, he fasted for forty days on bread and water and forbade anyone to attribute the victory to him, insisting that credit be given only to "The Lord." The conflict between Stephen and Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II worsened when both laid their claims to the historical region of Bessarabia, now known under the name of Budjak. The region had belonged to Wallachia, but later succumbed to Moldavian influence under Petru I of Moldavia and was possibly annexed to Moldavia in the late 14th century by Roman I of Moldavia. Under Alexandru cel Bun, it had become an integral part of Moldavia and was successfully defended in 1420 against the first Ottoman attempt to capture castle Chilia. The ports of Chilia and Akkerman (Romanian: Cetatea Albā) were essential for Moldavian commerce. The old trade route from Caffa, Akkerman, and Chilia passed through Suceava in Moldavia and Lwow in Poland (now in Ukraine). Both Poland and Hungary had previously made attempts to control the region, but had failed; and for the Ottomans, "the control of these two ports and of Caffa was as much an economic as a political necessity," as it would also give them a better grip on Moldavia and serve as a valuable strategic point from which naval attacks could be launched against the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania. This is confirmed by a German chronicle which explains that Mehmet wanted to turn Moldavia into "some kind of fortress," and from there, to launch attacks against Poland and Hungary. The Ottomans also feared the strategic position of Moldavia, from whence it would only take 15 to 20 days to reach Constantinople. In 1448, Petru II of Moldavia awarded Chilia to John Hunyadi, the governor of Transylvania; and in effect, it gave Hungary control of the strategic area on the Danube, with access to the Black Sea. With the assassination of Bogdan II of Moldavia in 1451 by his brother Petru Aron, the country fell into civil war, as two pretenders fought for the throne: Aron and Alexăndrel. Bogdan's son, Stephen, fled Moldavia together with his cousin, Vlad Dracula — who had sought protection at the Moldavian court -- to Transylvania, at the court of Hunyadi. Even though Hungary had made peace with the Turks in 1451, Hunyadi wanted to transform Wallachia and Moldavia into a barrier that would protect the kingdom from Ottoman expansion. In the fall of 1453, after the Ottoman capture of Constantinople, Moldavia received an ultimatum to start paying tribute to the Porte; two years later, on October 5, 1455, Aron sent the first Moldavian tribute to the Porte: a payment of 2,000 ducats. With both Wallachia and Moldavia conducting a pro-Ottoman policy, the plan to install Vlad Țepeș as prince of Wallachia began to take shape. Sometime between April to July 1456, with the support of a few Hungarian troops and Wallachian boyars, Prince Vladislav II was dethroned and slain, as Vlad Țepeș took possession of the Wallachian throne; and as such, Chilia became a shared Wallachian-Hungarian possession. In April 1457, Vlad Țepeș supported Stephen with 6,000 horsemen, which the latter used to invade Moldavia and occupy the Moldavian throne, ending the civil war as Aron fled to Poland. The new prince continued sending the tribute that his uncle and Mehmed had agreed upon, and in such way, avoided any premature confrontation with his enemy. His first priority was to strengthen the country and to retrieve its lost territory. Because Aron resided in Poland, Stephen made a few incursions in southern Poland.

http://wn.com/The_Ottoman_Battle_of_Vaslui_In_1475

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Hearts of Iron 3- World War 1 Mod- Ottoman Empire Part 1

Order: Reorder
Duration: 34:57
Updated: 16 Aug 2014
author: EmpireErwinRommel

Rommel's Facebook Page!- http://www.facebook.com/RommelsPage Link to mod- http://www.moddb.com/mods/world-war-1-mod Tags: Hearts of Iron 3 Their Finest Hour,...

http://wn.com/Hearts_of_Iron_3-_World_War_1_Mod-_Ottoman_Empire_Part_1

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The Ottoman Russian War Of 1877--78.

Order: Reorder
Duration: 43:35
Updated: 10 Jul 2014
author: OttomanHarem

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877--78 (Russian: Русско-турецкая война (1877--1878 гг.); Ottoman Turkish: ۹۳ حربی, Doksan Üç Harbi ('93 Harbi, "93 War"); Turkish:...

http://wn.com/The_Ottoman_Russian_War_Of_1877--78.

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Ottoman - European Alliance - Protestantism And Islam

Order: Reorder
Duration: 30:25
Updated: 23 Aug 2014
author: MagnificentCentury

Protestantism and Islam entered into contact during the 16th century, at a time when Protestant movements in northern Europe coincided with the expansion of ...

http://wn.com/Ottoman_-_European_Alliance_-_Protestantism_And_Islam

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Commander The Great War - Central Powers Campaign - Episode 1

Order: Reorder
Duration: 22:38
Updated: 26 Aug 2014
author: RiotHouseLP

Developed by The Lordz Games Studio, Commander the Great War is a strategy game that focuses on World War I. We will be playing as the Central Powers (German...

http://wn.com/Commander_The_Great_War_-_Central_Powers_Campaign_-_Episode_1

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Lets Play Europa Universalis IV Ottomans (Invasion Of Hungary) Part 12

Order: Reorder
Duration: 47:29
Updated: 09 Jun 2014
author: The Slothful Samurai

So we are back and we now invade a nation we shattered early on in the game who still have not learnt even after Crusade's and Major Revolts we are the great...

http://wn.com/Lets_Play_Europa_Universalis_IV_Ottomans_(Invasion_Of_Hungary)_Part_12

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The Battle Of Vienna In 1683 - Turning Point For The Ottoman Empire

Order: Reorder
Duration: 23:52
Updated: 05 Sep 2014
author: MagnificentCentury

The Battle of Vienna (German: Schlacht am Kahlen Berge, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci Viyana Kuşatması) is a battle that t...

http://wn.com/The_Battle_Of_Vienna_In_1683_-_Turning_Point_For_The_Ottoman_Empire

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Video Dokumenter Sejarah Islam - Sejarah Kerajaan Ottoman & Negara Turki

Order: Reorder
Duration: 121:52
Updated: 02 Jun 2015

Video Sejarah Islam Terbaru dan Kisah Para Nabi dan Rasul. Silahkan Share, Like atau Comment Video Ini. https://youtu.be/rnXgNstOqz4 ottoman,empire documentary,music,movie,war,song,army,anthem,archery,armenia,battle,bulgaria,cannon,cavalry,documentary,empire,sultan suleiman,empire map,film,folk music,fight,food,fall,greece,genocide,greeks,guns,national geographic ,history,harem documentary,history documentary,hymn,heretic,hungary,history channel,instrumental tasavvuf music,imperial anthem,istanbul,invasion,invasion of europe,islam,jews,john ottman,empire,khilafah,knows,kerajaan ,language,legacy,turkish language,sultan,music sufi,military march,navy,nasheed,new ,neo ,history of ,fall of ,rise of ,decline of ,palace,parade,palestine,persian wars,princess,royal family,russian war,rifle,rule,sufi music,sword,soldiers,turkey,total war,turk,dracula untold ,vs europe,russia,persian,christian,war,world conquest,weapons,zikr,wiki,runtuhnya ,kekuasaan ,perang ,pasukan ,kehancuran ,kekalahan ,raja ,indonesia,adalah,didirikan oleh,mesir,dinasti ,turki,kerajaan ,kejayaan ,kekhalifahan ,kekejaman ,lambang ,raja,sejarah,abangan,abad modern,aboge,pdf,arab saudi,islam putihan,islam banten,bani umayah,banjarmasin,bosnia,bani abbasiyah,bani umayyah,banjar,belanda,barus,cirebon,cordoba,cordova,candi borobudur,spanyol,chechnya,china,cianjur,champa,eropa,jawa,dunia,india,ethiopia,eropa timur,enrekang,era modern,ekonomi islam,filipina,dakwah sirriyah,film,habasyah,fundamental,fathu makkah,garut,gerhana bulan,garis keras,granada,gorontalo,gibraltar,genghis khan,gresik,gowa,georgia,hari ini,hatuhaha,hamka,hajar aswad,hindun,hari jumat,hamzah,isra mi'raj,iran,irak,jamaah,jepang,jawa barat,jambi,zaman rasulullah,jawa tengah,jaman dulu,jakarta,klasik,kalimantan,kejawen,kuno,kamboja,kerajaan banten,kerajaan demak,kerajaan mataram,engkap,lombok,laut hitam,laut merah,lampung,modern,nabi muhammad,nabi musa,nabi adam,nabi ibrahim,nabi sulaiman,nepal,ottoman,online,ortodok,periode madinah,masa bani umayyah,mekah,masa rasulullah,masa abbasiyah,perang salib,qatar,qarun,kurban islam,sejarah islam di qatar,syeh abdul qodir jaelani,uwais al qarni,syekh abdul qodir jaelani,rusia,riau,raja sulaiman,rohingya,ratu balqis,romawi,rabiah al adawiyah,syiah,sunni,setelah nabi muhammad wafat,setelah khulafaur rasyidin,sebelum nabi muhammad saw,sepeninggal rasulullah,tanah jawa,wakaf,turki usmani,thailand,timur tengah,usman bin affan,umar bin khattab,uzbekistan,umum,umayyah,umar bin abdul aziz,video,yahudi,vietnam,romawi,mongol,wahabi,wiki,walisongo,wiwitan,wamena,wong fei hung,di xinjiang,youtube,yang menarik,disembunyikan barat,terlupakan,yaman,ditutupi dunia,zaman jahiliyah,zaman dahulu,zaman khalifah,zaman pertengahan,1 muharram,10 muharram,peradaban islam ,25 nabi,kekhalifahan ,3gp,kerajaan besar,3 periode,asia tenggara,5 benua,nota ,trans7,ahli ,wali 9,sejarah islam,masuk ke indonesia,yang disembunyikan,di dunia,di spanyol,di eropa,nusantara,di andalusia,abad pertengahan,asia tenggara,amerika,aceh,asia,film ,tahun baru ,ceramah ,di china,cordoba,turki,jawa,eropa,peradaban ,empayar ,pemikiran ekonomi ,peninggalan sejarah ,full movie,subtitle indonesia,movie ,gerakan ,yang hilang,sejarah islam indonesia,kerajaan islam ,penyebaran ,perjuangan ,negara ,india,nabi nuh as ,kartun,kebudayaan islam,mataram islam,khalifah islam,lagu ,masa kini,modern,manusia ,mataram islam,abad pertengahan,periode klasik,peradaban islam,peperangan islam,islam spanyol,sebenarnya,sejarah islam stpm,arab sebelum islam,trans tv,trans7,tamadun islam,tahun baru islam,tanah melayu,turki,kedatangan ,umat islam,yahudi,video,yang hilang

http://wn.com/Video_Dokumenter_Sejarah_Islam_-_Sejarah_Kerajaan_Ottoman_&_Negara_Turki

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The 1396 Ottoman Battle of Nicopolis

Order: Reorder
Duration: 41:05
Updated: 02 May 2015

The Battle of Nicopolis took place on 25 September 1396 and resulted in the rout of an allied army of Hungarian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, French, Burgundian, German and assorted troops (assisted by the Venetian navy) at the hands of an Ottoman force, raising of the siege of the Danubian fortress of Nicopolis and leading to the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. It is often referred to as the Crusade of Nicopolis and was the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages. There were many minor crusades in the 14th century, undertaken by individual kings or knights. Most recently there had been a failed crusade against Tunisia in 1390, and there was ongoing warfare in northern Europe along the Baltic coast. After their victory at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the Ottomans had conquered most of the Balkans, and had reduced the Byzantine Empire to the area immediately surrounding Constantinople, which they later proceeded to besiege (in 1390, 1395, 1397, 1400, 1411, 1422 and finally conquering the Byzantine capital in 1453). In 1393 the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman had lost Nicopolis — his temporary capital — to the Ottomans, while his brother, Ivan Stratsimir, still held Vidin but had been reduced to an Ottoman vassal. In the eyes of the Bulgarian boyars, despots and other independent Balkan rulers, this was a great chance to reverse the course of the Ottoman conquest and free the Balkans from Islamic rule. In addition, the frontline between Islam and Christianity had been moving slowly towards the Kingdom of Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary was now the frontier between the two religions in Eastern Europe, and the Hungarians were in danger of being attacked themselves. The Republic of Venice feared that an Ottoman control of the Balkan peninsula, which included Venetian territories like parts of Morea and Dalmatia, would reduce their influence over the Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea and Aegean Sea. The Republic of Genoa, on the other hand, feared that if the Ottomans would gain control over River Danube and the Turkish Straits, they would eventually obtain a monopoly over the trade routes between Europe and the Black Sea, where the Genoese had many important colonies like Caffa, Sinop and Amasra. The Genoese also owned the citadel of Galata, located at the north of the Golden Horn in Constantinople, to which Bayezid had laid siege in 1395. In 1394, Pope Boniface IX proclaimed a new crusade against the Turks, although the Western Schism had split the papacy in two, with rival popes at Avignon and Rome, and the days when a pope had the authority to call a crusade were long past. The two decisive factors in the formation of the last crusade were the ongoing Hundred Years' War between Richard II's England and Charles VI's France and the support of Philip II, Duke of Burgundy. In 1389, the war had ground to one of its periodic truces. Further, in March 1395, Richard II proposed a marriage between himself and Charles VI's daughter Isabella in the interests of peace and the two kings met in October 1396 on the borders of Calais to agree to the union and agree to lengthen the Truce of Leulinghem. The support of Burgundy, among the most powerful of the French nobles was also vital. In 1391, Burgundy, trying to decide between sending a crusade to either Prussia or Hungary, sent his envoy Guy de La Trémoille to Venice and Hungary to evaluate the situation. Burgundy originally envisioned a crusade led by himself and the Dukes of Orléans and Lancaster, though none would join the eventual crusade. It was very unlikely that defense against the Turks was considered a particularly important goal of the crusade. Burgundy's interest in sponsoring the crusade was in increasing his and his house's prestige and power and, historian Barbara Tuchman notes, "since he was the prince of self-magnification, the result was that opulent display became the dominant theme; plans, logistics, intelligence about the enemy came second, if at all." In 1394, Burgundy extracted 120,000 livres from Flanders, sufficient to begin preparations for a crusade, and in January 1395 sent word to Sigismund, the King of Hungary that an official request to the King of France would be accepted. (Sigismund became Holy Roman Emperor in 1433). In August, Sigismund's delegation of four knights and a bishop arrived in the court of Paris to paint a description of how "40,000" Turks were despoiling and imperiling Christian lands and beg, on Sigismund of Hungary's behalf, for help. Charles VI, having secured a peace with England through the marriage of his daughter, was able to reply that "as chief of the Christian kings" it was his responsibility to protect Christianity and punish Sultan Bayezid. French nobility responded enthusiastically to the declaration; Philip of Artois, Count of Eu, the Constable of France, and Jean Le Maingre, the Marshal of France, declared participation in the crusade the duty of every "man of valor"

http://wn.com/The_1396_Ottoman_Battle_of_Nicopolis

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Europa Universalis III Ottoman LP:EP39 English Dogs!

Order: Reorder
Duration: 30:18
Updated: 21 Jul 2013
author: Antiscamp

As we are fighting Castille and Hungary, the English Dogs come barking again, and they pose a far greater threat than the two aforementioned nations put toge...

http://wn.com/Europa_Universalis_III_Ottoman_LP_EP39_English_Dogs!

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photo: AP / Ted S. Warren

File - Amanda Knox, left, walks with her mother, Edda Mellas, right, to talk to the media outside Mellas' home, Friday, March 27, 2015, in Seattle.

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Amanda Knox acquitted because of 'stunning flaws' in investigation

The Guardian

07 Sep 2015

Release of judges’ legal reasoning says case against Knox and her former boyfriend, Raffaele Sollecito, lacked evidence to prove wrongdoing. Italy’s highest court acquitted Amanda Knox and her former boyfriend, Raffaele Sollecito, of the 2007 murder of the British university student Meredith Kercher, because there were “stunning flaws” in the investigation that led to their convictions, according to judges’ legal reasoning ... Related ... ....

photo: WN / Priya Dashini

Obese teenagers were seen playing video game at a shop in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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World of Warcraft turns fatal: Russian boy dies after gaming marathon

DNA India

07 Sep 2015

Image Credit. wikimedia.org ... The tragic death happened in the town of Uchaly in southern Russia's Republic of Bashkortostan ... ....

photo: WN / Yolanda Leyba

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Four charts that explain why the iPhone is so important to Apple

Sydney Morning Herald

07 Sep 2015

Return to video Video settings. Please Log in to update your video settings. Video will begin in 5 seconds. Don't play Play now. More video Recommended. 5 things to expect from the new iPhone. Robot to destroy starfish on Great Barrier Reef. Cars with smartphone integration go mainstream ... Replay video....

photo: AP / Santi Palacios

Migrants and refugees wait to be registered by police at the port of Mytilene, on the Greek island of Lesbos, early Sunday, Sept. 6, 2015.

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Migrant crisis: Germany to release funds to help regions cope

BBC News

07 Sep 2015

About 18,000 migrants arrived over the weekend after an agreement with Austria and Hungary to relax asylum rules ... Hungary had previously blocked migrants travelling to Western Europe, but dropped restrictions on Friday and shuttled people to the Austrian border ... But while Ms Merkel has become a hero to many migrants and their supporters, conservative allies said she sent a "totally wrong signal" by allowing in the intake from Hungary....

photo: AP / Ann Heisenfelt

Protestors gather outside Dr. Walter James Palmer's dental office in Bloomington, Minn., Wednesday, July 29, 2015. Palmer reportedly paid $50,000 to track and kill Cecil, a black-maned lion, just outside Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe. (AP Photo/Ann Heisenfelt)

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Report: Dentist Walter Palmer, who killed Cecil the lion, to return to his practice

CNN

07 Sep 2015

(CNN)Walter Palmer, the American dentist vilified worldwide for killing a prized Africa lion, broke his silence Sunday in an interview with the Associated Press and the Minneapolis Star Tribune. The 55-year-old dentist will return to his Bloomington, Minnesota, practice on Tuesday, he said. His practice reopened several weeks ago without him ... "And I'm a health professional ... That's why I'm back.". JUST WATCHED ... Palmer. Replay. More Videos ......

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Hungary warns over migrant travel restrictions

BBC News

07 Sep 2015

Thousands of migrants - many of whom initially fled conflict in Syria - have made their way through Austria since Hungary removed restrictions on transit on Friday ... But Hungary has warned about implementing travel restrictions on the movement of migrants ... Activist convoy drives to Hungary....

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Roundup: Over 10,000 refugees cross over from Hungary to Austria, Germany: media

Xinhua

07 Sep 2015

6 (Xinhua) -- Well over 10,000 refugees crossed over from Hungary to Austria and Germany, the Internet portal Index.hu reported on Sunday, while wire service MTI said 1,459 people had crossed into the country from outside the EU and been apprehended since Sunday midnight ... Levrat called for freezing financial aid to Hungary and banning Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban from entering Switzerland....

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The refugees are not seeking political asylum (Government of the Republic of Hungary)

Public Technologies

07 Sep 2015

Government of the Republic of Hungary) ... Orbán said, stressing that he is concentrating on the protection of Hungary's southern border. "Hungary is adhering to international regulations. The authorities are attempting to make every immigrant register in Hungary using the force of law - as is required by international law ... "The problem isn't here in Hungary", Mr....

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Hungary’s Orban Vows Rigor to Seal Off Border Against Migrants

Bloomberg

07 Sep 2015

Laws passed last week will allow Hungary to imprison migrants who attempt to enter outside designated areas from Sept ... “I’m therefore asking those who want to cross into Europe through Hungary ... “Even though the situation won’t change overnight, we will gradually achieve results and the time will come when we can tell our Austrian and German friends that Hungary’s southern borders are hermetically sealed.”....

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Hungarian Gripens fly their first mission in Baltic Airspace (Ministry of Defence of Hungary)

Public Technologies

07 Sep 2015

Ministry of Defence of Hungary) ... As it is known, Hungary and Germany are guarding the airspace of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania for four months in the NATO Baltic Air Policing (BAP) Mission ... According to NATO's plans, after the completion of the current tasks, Hungary will guard the airspace of the three countries again in May-August 2019....

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Hungarian Gripens fly their first mission in Baltic Airspace (Government of the Republic of Hungary) ...

Public Technologies

07 Sep 2015

Government of the Republic of Hungary) ... As it is known, Hungary and Germany are guarding the airspace of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania for four months in the NATO Baltic Air Policing (BAP) Mission ... According to NATO's plans, after the completion of the current tasks, Hungary will guard the airspace of the three countries again in May-August 2019....

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Refugees face chaos and harsh conditions at Serbia-Hungary border (Amnesty International USA)

Public Technologies

07 Sep 2015

Hungary should urgently provide refugees and migrants crossing the border from Serbia more humane reception conditions, transport and clarity about where they are being sent, Amnesty International said ... "While Europe rejoiced in happy images from Austria and Germany yesterday, refugees crossing into Hungary right now see a very different picture....

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Hungary won't shoot at migrants crossing fence: Orban

Yahoo Daily News

07 Sep 2015

VIENNA (Reuters) - Hungary has no plans to shoot at migrants trying to cross its new southern border fence and is open to talks about European quotas for taking in refugees once the frontier is sealed off, Prime Minister Viktor Orban said ... Construction crews are completing a 3.5-metre-(11.5-foot) high fence along the length of Hungary’s boundary with Serbia to keep further migrants out....

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Austria to revoke measures that let migrants cross from Hungary

China Daily

07 Sep 2015

VIENNA/MUNICH - Austria said on Sunday it planned to end emergency measures that have allowed thousands of refugees stranded in Hungary into Austria and Germany since Saturday morning ... After 71 people suffocated in the back of a truck abandoned on an Austrian highway en route from Hungary, and as thousands headed from Budapest towards Austria on ......

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Austria to Lift Measures That Let Migrants Cross From Hungary

NDTV

07 Sep 2015

Austria said on Sunday it planned to end emergency measures that have allowed thousands of refugees stranded in Hungary to stream into Austria and Germany since Saturday morning . ....

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Hungary won't shoot at migrants crossing fence, says PM Viktor Orban - live

The Daily Telegraph

07 Sep 2015

Hungary is open to discussing quotas, the country's prime minister says as a refugee shelter in Germany is set ablaze. Follow the latest developments here. ....

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Hungary Tells Germany To Stop Taking Refugees

Skynews

07 Sep 2015

Hungary's Prime Minister is calling on Germany to state they will not accept any more of the refugees travelling through Europe .... ....

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'So Hard, So Cold': Hundreds of Migrants Camp in Field in Roszke, Hungary

WPXI

07 Sep 2015

Several hundred migrants, mostly ......

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