- published: 12 Jul 2012
- views: 613
The 1993 Tour de France was the 80th Tour de France, taking place July 3 to July 25, 1993. It consisted of 20 stages, over 3714.3 km, ridden at an average speed of 38.709 km/h.
The winner of the previous two years, Miguel Indurain, successfully defended his title. The points classification was won by Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, while the mountains classification was won by Tony Rominger.
There were 20 teams in the 1993 Tour de France, each composed of 9 cyclists.
There were several classifications in the 1993 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.
The Tour de France (French pronunciation: [tuʁ də fʁɑ̃s]) is an annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race covers more than 3,600 kilometres (2,200 mi) and lasts three weeks. As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours", the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world. The race is broken into day-long segments, called stages. Individual times to finish each stage are aggregated to determine the overall winner at the end of the race. The rider with the lowest aggregate time at the end of each day wears the leader's yellow jersey on the next day of racing. The course changes every year, but the race has always finished in Paris. Since 1975, the climax of the final stage has been along the Champs-Élysées.
The tour typically has 21 days of racing and covers 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi). The shortest Tour was in 1904 at 2,420 kilometres (1,500 mi), the longest in 1926 at 5,745 kilometres (3,570 mi). The three weeks usually include two rest days, sometimes used to transport riders from a finish in one town to the start in another. The race alternates between clockwise and anticlockwise circuits of France. The first anticlockwise circuit was in 1913. The New York Times said the "Tour de France is arguably the most physiologically demanding of athletic events." The effort was compared to "running a marathon several days a week for nearly three weeks", while the total elevation of the climbs was compared to "climbing three Everests."
France (English i/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
Dix ans que Papa est parti, dix ans qu'il a quitté la place
Et chacun, dans tous les partis, prétend qu'il était de sa race
Même ses anciens détracteurs s'abritent à l'ombre de son chêne
Et la droite, et la gauche en chœur arborent la croix de Lorraine
Il s'appelait De France, un chanteur l'avait dit
Avec quinze ans d'avance "Ce sera la zizanie quand Papa sera parti!"
Dix ans et je n'ai su de lui que ce qu'a dit la voix publique
Dès qu'un groupe se réunit, voilà son ombre qui rapplique
À tort à raison c'est comme ça, dans les salons, dans les tavernes
Et depuis que s'est tue sa voix, c'est son fantôme qui gouverne
Il s'appelait De France, un chanteur l'avait dit
Avec quinze ans d'avance "Ce sera la zizanie quand Papa sera parti!"
Qui donc parmi tous ces bavards, ces loups bavants qui s'invectivent
Ralliera sous son étendard, moutons bêlants, brebis craintives?
Qui donc, parmi ses héritiers, se dressera dans le tumulte
Pour nous gueuler qu'être français, c'est pas forcément une insulte?
Il s'appelait De France, un chanteur l'avait dit
Avec quinze ans d'avance "Ce sera la zizanie quand Papa sera parti!"
On me dit "Mon fils, allez-y, sur quel bord penchent vos médailles?
Dites-nous non, dites-nous oui, ouvrez-nous enfin vos entrailles."
Dix ans, dix ans et j'ai vieilli et si vous me voyez me taire
C'est d'être au-dessus des partis comme mon illustre grand-père
Qui s'appelait De France et Bécaud l'avait dit
Avec quinze ans d'avance "Ce sera la zizanie, pour pas dire la chienlit