- published: 04 Nov 2012
- views: 30105
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni . Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.
Some definitions and pictorial demonstration of auto- and allo-polyploidy.
Polyploidy leads to speciation (IB Biology)
Lectures for Evolution (BIO111) at Keene State College
Explore Research at the University of Florida: Pam and Doug Soltis, distinguished professors with the Florida Museum of Natural History, discuss the importance of Tragopogon, a flowering plant in the sunflower family, and its role in helping understand more about the polyploids. Polyploids are organisms with more than two sets of chromosomes and represent a large number of agricultural crops. The Soltises are analyzing Tragopogon to gain a better understanding of the process of genome change and evolution in polyploidy organisms.
008 - Reproductive Isolation and Speciation Paul Andersen explains how reproductive isolation can eventually lead to speciation. Three main barriers to gene flow are included: geographic, pre-zygotic and post-zygotic. Both allopatric and sympatric speciation are discussed. A brief discussing of polyploidy and punctuated equilibrium are also included. Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos: http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/ All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing: Davison, Angus; Chiba, Satoshi; Barton, Nicholas; Clarke, Bryan. "Speciation and Gene Flow Between Snails of Opposite Chirality." PLOS Biology, September 2005. "File:Drosophila Speciation.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/...
It's been a blue blue day I feel like running away
I feel like running away from it all
My love has been untrue she's found somebody new
It's been a blue blue day for me
I feel like crying dying what can I do
I feel like praying saying I'm glad we're through
It's been a blue blue day I feel like running away
I feel like running away from the blues
[ guitar - piano ]
How can I make believe that I don't sit and grieve
It's been a blue blue day for me
I can't pretend and say that I don't love her anyway
It's been a blue blue day for me
I feel like crying dying...