Wendell Arthur Garrity Jr. (June 20, 1920 – September 16, 1999) was a United States federal judge.

Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, Garrity received an A.B. from The College of The Holy Cross in 1941, and was then a Sergeant in the United States Army during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. He received an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1946, and served as a law clerk to Francis J.W. Ford of the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts from 1946 to 1947. Garrity entered private practice in Boston, Massachusetts and Worcester, Massachusetts from 1947 to 1948. He was an assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts from 1948 to 1950, lecturing in federal jurisdiction and procedure at Boston College Law School from 1950 to 1951. He was in private practice in Boston, Massachusetts from 1951 to 1961. He was the U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts from 1961 to 1966.

On May 23, 1966, Garrity was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts created by 75 Stat. 80. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 24, 1966, and received his commission the same day.

As a federal judge, Garrity was at the center of a contentious battle over desegregation busing in Boston from the 1970s to the 1980s. He found a recurring pattern of racial discrimination in the operation of the Boston public schools in a 1974 ruling. Garrity's ruling found the schools were unconstitutionally segregated. As a remedy, he used a busing plan developed by the Massachusetts State Board of Education to implement the state's Racial Imbalance Law that had been passed by the Massachusetts state legislature a few years earlier, requiring any school with a student enrollment that was more than 50% white to be balanced according to race. The Boston School Committee consistently disobeyed orders from the state Board of Education. Garrity's ruling, upheld on appeal by conservative judges on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit and by the Supreme Court led by Warren Burger, required school children to be brought to different schools to end segregation and led to the Boston busing crisis of 1974-1988. By the final Garrity-decided court case in 1988, Garrity had assumed more control over a school system than any judge in American history.^[1]

Garrity assumed senior status on December 1, 1985, serving in that capacity until his death, in Wellesley, Massachusetts.

Sources[link]

• Wendell Arthur Garrity Jr. at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.

See also[link]

• Desegregation busing in the United States#Boston, Massachusetts

References[link]

1. ^ Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. pp. 252–264. ISBN 0-465-04195-7. 

This biography of a person who has held a non-elected position in the Federal government of the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Arthur Gilbert (19 December 1819 - 21 April 1895), born Arthur Gilbert Frederick Williams, was a British painter from the Victorian era.

Biography[link]

At the Waters Edge (1866)

Gilter's Point, Tenby, by Moonlight (c1873)

Arthur Gilbert was born in Stoke Newington, London in 1819, the fourth son of Edward Williams (1782-1855) and Ann Hildebrandt. He married Elizabeth Jane Williams, daughter of John Williams, on 23 January 1843 in St Martin in the Fields. From all accounts Arthur had a gentle disposition and was a most devoted husband and father. In 1848 he lost his first wife, Elizabeth, due to tuberculosis. He was left with their daughter, Kate Elizabeth Ellen Gilbert Williams, who had been born on 17 December 1843.

He married his second wife, Sarah Godfrey, the daughter of John Godfrey, a clerk, on 28 June 1854, at the Parish Church in Barnes. Their son Horace Walter Gilbert was born the following year on 6 April 1855. Both the children displayed artistic talent and later painted and exhibited. ^[1]

Arthur Gilbert had addresses in Weybridge and Hammersmith, but spent most of his years at Lonsdale Terrace in Barnes, close to his father and brothers.

He moved to Redhill in 1873 and then to De Tillens in Limpsfield, Surrey. This was his home for many years, to well after the marriage of his son, who produced some fine watercolours of the place. ^[2] Arthur Gilbert became known for painting moonlit and night scenes, many of which were exhibited in London. ^[3] Gilbert died in Croydon in 1895.

Related pages[link]

• Edward Williams
• Edward Charles Williams
• Henry John Boddington
• George Augustus Williams
• Sidney Richard Percy
• Alfred Walter Williams

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arthur Gilbert

This biographical article about a painter from the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Antoine Fuqua
Fuqua at the 2009 Venice Film Festival
Born	(1966-01-19) January 19, 1966 (age 46) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Occupation	Film director
Years active	1992–present
Spouse	Lela Rochon (1999–present)

Antoine Fuqua (born January 19, 1966) is an American film director. He directed the film Training Day as well as Tears of the Sun, King Arthur, Shooter and Brooklyn's Finest. He is currently slated to direct Southpaw in 2012,^[1] a boxing film described as a "metaphorical sequel to 8 Mile",^[2] penned by Sons of Anarchy creator Kurt Sutter and starring rapper Eminem.^[3]

Movie career[link]

After going to school for electrical engineering, with the hope of going on to fly jets in the military,^[4] Fuqua began his career directing music videos for popular artists like Toni Braxton and Prince, and then went on to become a successful film director. He is perhaps best known for the award-winning film Training Day. Fuqua was scheduled to direct Prisoners,^[5] based on a storybook from Aaron Guzikowski, but has left the project.^[6]

CBS Films has hired Antoine Fuqua to direct a new movie based on a Vince Flynn novel, Consent to Kill.^[7]

In March 2011, Fuqua signed on to direct a film featuring the romantic love story between Consort Yang Yuhuan and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty.^[8][9] The film is currently untitled and is scheduled to release in 2012.

He was slated to direct Tupac Shakur's official biopic.^[10] However, the project was postponed to allow Fuqua to direct rapper Eminem's second feature film, Southpaw.^[11]

Writing career[link]

He co-created After Dark with Wesley Snipes, which was written by Peter Milligan and illustrated by Jeff Nentrup.^[12]

Personal life[link]

Antoine Fuqua with Lela Rochon

Fuqua was born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, graduating from Taylor Allderdice High School in 1983. Fuqua attended West Virginia University and West Virginia State University but did not graduate. His uncle was singer, songwriter, record producer, and record label executive Harvey Fuqua.^[13]

He married popular actress Lela Rochon in April 1999. They have two children together, Asia and Brando. He also has a son, Zachary, from a previous relationship.^[14]

Filmography[link]

Music videos[link]

• "Love's Taken Over," Chante Moore (1992)
• "It's Alright," Chante Moore (1992)
• "Another Sad Love Song," Toni Braxton (1993)
• "Nobody Does It Betta," Mint Condition (1993)
• "Saving Forever for You," Shanice (1993)
• "The Morning After" Maze featuring Frankie Beverly (1993)
• "Ain't Nobody," Jaki Graham (1994)
• "I'm In The Mood," CeCe Peniston (1994)
• "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World," Prince (1994)
• "United Front" Arrested Development (1994)
• "For Your Love," Stevie Wonder (1995)
• "Freedom," Various Artists (1995)
• "Gangsta's Paradise," Coolio (1995)
• "Bedtime (Version 2)," Usher Raymond (1998)
• "Blue Angels," Pras (1999)
• "Citizen Soldier," 3 Doors Down (2007)

Commercials[link]

• Pirelli Tires – "The Call" (2006), featuring Naomi Campbell and John Malkovich

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Antoine Fuqua

• Antoine Fuqua at the Internet Movie Database
• Hollywood Reporter story on upcoming The Notorious B.I.G. film (from 2005)
• On Directing with Antoine Fuqua nthWORD Magazine Interview by Gina Ponce, April 2010

Paula Hiers Deen

Paula Hiers (left) in a public service announcement for Civitan International.
Born	(1947-01-19) January 19, 1947 (age 65) Albany, Georgia, U.S.
Cooking style	Southern
Current restaurant(s) The Lady & Sons Restaurant, Uncle Bubba's Oyster House, Owens Shepard's Finest
Television show(s) Paula's Home Cooking (2002–present) Paula's Party (2006–present) Paula's Best Dishes (2008–present)
Award(s) won 2007 Emmy for Outstanding Lifestyle Host
Official website
http://www.pauladeen.com/

Paula Hiers Deen (born January 19, 1947) is an American cook, cooking show host, restaurateur, author, actress and Emmy Award-winning television personality. Deen resides in Savannah, Georgia, where she owns and operates The Lady & Sons restaurant with her sons, Jamie and Bobby Deen. She has published five cookbooks. Though married in 2004 to Michael Groover,^[1] she uses the surname Deen from her first marriage.^[2]

Early life[link]

Deen was born in Albany, Georgia.^[3] Her parents died before she was 23, and an early marriage ended in divorce. In her 20s, Deen suffered from panic attacks and agoraphobia. She then focused on cooking for her family as something she could do without leaving her house.^[4] In 1986, she took a job as a bank teller, and later moved to Savannah, Georgia, with her sons. In 1989, she divorced her husband, Jimmy Deen, to whom she had been married since 1965.^[1] She was left with only $200.^[3] She then started a catering service,^[5] making sandwiches and meals, which her sons Jamie and Bobby delivered. She was recently revealed as a sufferer of type-2 diabetes.^[6]

Lady & Sons restaurant in Savannah, Georgia.

Restaurants[link]

Deen's home business, The Bag Lady, soon outgrew her kitchen. In January 1996 Deen opened her own restaurant, The Lady & Sons, in downtown Savannah, on West Congress Street. Within a few years, the restaurant moved to a larger building in Savannah's historic district. USA Today named The Lady & Sons the "International Meal of the Year," in 1999. The specialty is a buffet, which typically includes sweet potatoes, macaroni and cheese, deep-fried Twinkies, fried chicken, cheesy meatloaf, greens, beans, and creamed corn. Every meal is served with a garlic cheese biscuit and a hoecake. Her sons are also involved in managing the restaurant, which is popular with tourists to Savannah.^[7]

In 2008, Deen parlayed her fame into another restaurant, the "Paula Deen Buffet" at Harrah's Tunica Casino in Tunica, Mississippi.^[8] Its entrance facade is modeled on Deen's home in Savannah and features Southern cooking.^[9]

In September 2009, Deen announced a new dessert line to be sold at Walmart including signature pies Apple Crunch Top, Dark Rum Pecan, Old Fashioned Fudge and Gooey Butter Cake bars.^[10]

Books and magazines[link]

In 1997, Deen self-published The Lady & Sons Savannah Country Cooking and The Lady & Sons Savannah Country Cooking 2. Both cookbooks featured traditional Southern recipes.^[11] She has since published two more, written with Martha Nesbit. Deen has appeared on QVC and on The Oprah Winfrey Show (first in 2002, twice in 2007 and once in 2010). Her life story is featured in Extraordinary Comebacks: 201 Inspiring Stories of Courage, Triumph, and Success (2007, Sourcebooks).

In April 2007, Simon & Schuster published Deen's memoir, It Ain't All About the Cookin'. She launched a lifestyle magazine called Cooking with Paula Deen in November 2005.^[12] which claimed a circulation of 7.5 million in March, 2009.^[13]

Food Network[link]

Deen's relationship with Food Network began in 1999, when her friend Erin Lewis introduced her to Gordon Elliott, who then introduced her to her current agent, Artist's Agency owner Barry Weiner.^[14] Elliott took her through the city for a series of Doorknock Dinners episodes. She also appeared on Ready, Set, Cook!. Deen was invited to shoot a pilot named Afternoon Tea in early 2001. The network liked it, and eventually gave Deen her own show, Paula's Home Cooking, which premiered in November 2002. Paula's Home Cooking was originally taped in Millbrook, New York at the home of Gordon Elliott, the show's executive producer.^[15][16] Deen mentioned in an on the March 13, 2006, edition of The Daily Buzz that the next batch of episodes of her show would be taped at her home in Savannah, Georgia. According to the first of those episodes, actual production at her new Savannah home began in November 2005.

Deen throwing out the first pitch at a Washington Nationals baseball game in Washington, D.C.

Since then, Deen has been given two more Food Network shows, Paula's Party and Paula's Best Dishes.^[17] Paula's Party premiered on the Food Network in 2006 and Paula's Best Dishes debuted on June 8, 2008.^[18]

A televised biography of Deen was aired on an episode of the Food Network's Chefography program, in March 2006.^[19]

In December 2007, Deen teamed with Cat Cora and faced Chefs Tyler Florence and Robert Irvine in battle Sugar on the holiday special of Iron Chef America. At the end, Deen and Cora won.

Deen also helped Pat and Gina Neely get their first Food Network show, Down Home with the Neelys.^[20] During the summer of 2006, her sons, Bobby and Jamie Deen, featured the Neelys' Bar-B-Que Nashville location on their Food Network show Road Tasted. In September 2006, Paula ate at the Neelys' downtown Memphis restaurant and was impressed. In January 2007, the Neelys were invited to appear on Paula's Party,^[21] which eventually led to the Down Home show. In July 2008, the Neelys would also take over Road Tasted from the Deen brothers.

In May 2008, Deen announced at the Metropolitan Cooking and Entertaining Show that she had signed a deal to host a talk show beginning in September 2009.^[22]

Deen has appeared in public service announcements for Civitan International.^[23]

On February 23, 2011, Deen appeared on the show Top Chef, and sat at the Judges Table.^[24]

Personal life[link]

In 2004, Deen married Michael Groover (born 1956), a tugboat captain in the port of Savannah, Georgia.^[25] Groover has two children from a previous marriage. The wedding was featured in a Food Network show in 2004. Their wedding took place at the Bethesda Home for Boys in Savannah.^[26]

Deen is a supporter of the Bethesda Home for Boys, and asked Old Savannah Tours to donate $1 to the organization for each ticket purchased for the Paula Deen Store ticket sale.^[26] In January 2012, she announced she has had type 2 diabetes for the last three years.^[27]

Other work[link]

Deen made her film debut in Elizabethtown, starring Orlando Bloom and Kirsten Dunst in 2005. She played the aunt of Bloom's character, and her cooking was featured. A Food Network special, Paula Goes Hollywood, aired in conjunction with the film's premiere.^[28]

Awards and honors[link]

In June 2007, Deen won a Daytime Emmy Awards (Outstanding Lifestyle Host) for Paula's Home Cooking.^[29] In October 2010 she was selected as the Grand Marshal of the Tournament of Roses Parade, and presided over the 2011 Rose Parade before the Rose Bowl Game on January 1, 2011.^[30]

Criticism[link]

Deen has faced extensive criticism for the high amounts of fat, salt, and sugar in her recipes.^[31] She faced particularly strong objections with the release of Lunch-Box Set, a cookbook aimed at children, with Barbara Walters saying of the book, "You tell kids to have cheesecake for breakfast. You tell them to have chocolate cake and meatloaf for lunch. And french fries. Doesn't it bother you that you're adding to this?"^[32] Celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain commented in 2011 that he "would think twice before telling an already obese nation that it's OK to eat food that is killing us."^[33]

On January 17, 2012, Deen announced that she had been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes three years before, a disease for which a high calorie diet is a major risk factor.^[34][35] It was also disclosed that Deen is a paid spokesperson for the Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk.^[35] She was called a hypocrite for continuing to promote her high sugar diet while only disclosing her medical condition when it benefits her in representing the drug company to market their diabetes management program.^[36] Deen stated on the January 18, 2012 episode of The Chew that a portion of her compensation would be given to charities.^{[citation needed]}

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Paula Deen

• Official website
• The Lady & Sons restaurant
• Cooking with Paula Deen magazine
• Paula Deen at the Internet Movie Database
• Paula Deen at TV Guide
• Paula Deen ... Answers Your Questions Archive at People.com