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- Published: 27 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 29 Jul 2011
- Author: fatjud1
Name | George Stoneman, Jr. |
---|---|
Order | 15th |
Office | Governor of California |
Term start | 1883 |
Term end | 1887 |
Lieutenant | John Daggett |
Predecessor | George Clement Perkins |
Successor | Washington Bartlett |
Birth date | August 08, 1822 |
Birth place | Busti, New York |
Death date | September 05, 1894 |
Death place | Buffalo, New York |
Party | Democrat |
Allegiance | United States of AmericaUnion |
Branch | Union Army |
Rank | Brevet Major General |
Battles | American Civil War |
On November 22, 1861, Stoneman married Mary Oliver Hardisty of Baltimore. They eventually had four children.
After the Peninsula, Stoneman was an infantry commander, commanding a division in the II Corps and the III Corps. At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Stoneman commanded the III Corps. He was promoted to major general of volunteers on November 29, 1862. However, following Fredericksburg, a new commanding general took over the Army of the Potomac: Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker. Hooker had a better understanding of the strategic value of a centralized Cavalry Corps and he named Stoneman to lead it. The centralized corps could undertake long raids into enemy territory, destroying supplies, and gathering intelligence about the enemy forces. They were not subject to the commanders of small infantry units.
The plan for the Battle of Chancellorsville was strategically daring. Hooker assigned Stoneman a key role in which his Cavalry Corps would raid deeply into Robert E. Lee's rear areas and destroy vital railroad lines and supplies, distracting Lee from Hooker's main assaults. However, Stoneman was a disappointment in this strategic role. The Cavalry Corps got off to a good start in May 1863, but quickly bogged down after crossing the Rapidan River. During the entire battle, Stoneman accomplished little and Hooker considered him one of the principal reasons for the Union defeat at Chancellorsville. Hooker needed to deflect criticism from himself and relieved Stoneman from his cavalry command, sending him back to Washington, D.C., for medical treatment (chronic hemorrhoids, exacerbated by cavalry service), where in July he became a Chief of the U.S. Cavalry Bureau, a desk job. A large cavalry supply and training depot on the Potomac River was named Camp Stoneman in his honor.
In early 1864, Stoneman was impatient with garrison duty in Washington and requested another field command from his old friend Maj. Gen. John Schofield, who was in command of the Department of the Ohio. Although originally slated for an infantry corps, Stoneman assumed command of the Cavalry Corps of what would be known as the Army of the Ohio. As the army fought in the Atlanta Campaign under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, Stoneman and his aide, Myles Keogh, were captured by Confederate soldiers outside Macon, Georgia, becoming the highest ranking Union prisoner of war. He was a prisoner for three months.
Stoneman was exchanged relatively quickly based on the personal request of Sherman to the Confederates and he returned to duty. In December 1864, he led a raid from East Tennessee into southwestern Virginia. He led raids into Virginia and North Carolina in 1865, took Salem and other towns, destroyed Moratock Iron Furnace (a Confederate foundry) and at Salisbury attempted to free about 1,400 prisoners, but the prisoners had been dispursed by the time he arrived in Salisbury. In recognition of his service, he was brevetted major general in the regular army. His command nearly captured Confederate president Jefferson Davis during his flight from Richmond, Virginia. In June 1865, he was appointed commander of the Department of Tennessee and administered occupied Memphis. The Memphis riots broke out among the still rebellious citizens who were angry at the presence of black Federal soldiers in the military government. Stoneman was criticized for inaction and was investigated by a congressional committee, although he was exonerated.
Virgil Caine is the name, and I served on the Danville train, Till Stoneman's cavalry came and tore up the tracks again ...
Stoneman is not mentioned in several Joan Baez recordings of the song; her interpretation substitutes "so much" for "Stoneman's".
Stoneman Avenue in Alhambra, California, was named in his honor. Camp Stoneman, near Pittsburg, California, was the place from where many soldiers shipped out to the Pacific Theater in World War II and the Korean War, and is remembered by Stoneman Elementary School. Stoneman Elementary School in San Marino, California, is built on Stoneman's Los Robles Ranch Property. Stoneman Bridge, in Yosemite Valley, is named in his honor.
Category:1822 births Category:1894 deaths Category:American Civil War prisoners of war Category:American military personnel of the Mexican–American War Category:Deaths from stroke Category:Governors of California Category:Members of the Mormon Battalion Category:People from Chautauqua County, New York Category:People of New York in the American Civil War Category:United States Army generals Category:United States Military Academy alumni Category:Union Army generals
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