The Ottoman penetration into
Europe in the 1350s and their capture of
Constantinople later in 1453 opened new floodgates for slave-trade from the
European front. In their last attempt to overrun Europe in 1683, the
Ottoman army, although defeated, returned from the
Gates of
Vienna with 80,
000 captives.874 An immense number of slaves flowed from the
Crimea, the
Balkans and the steppes of
West Asia to Islamic markets. BD
Davis laments that the ‘‘Tartars and other
Black Sea peoples had sold millions of
Ukrainians,
Georgians,
Circassians,
Greeks,
Armenians,
Bulgarians,
Slavs and
Turks,’’ which received little notice.875
Crimean Tatars enslaved and sold some 1,750,000 Ukrainians,
Poles and
Russian between 1468 and 1694. 876 According to another estimate, between 1450 and
1700, the Crimean Tatars exported some 10,000 slaves, including some Circassians, annually—that is, some 2,
500,000 slaves in all, to the
Ottoman Empire.877 The
Tatar slave-raiding Khans returned with 18,000 slaves from
Poland (1463),
100,000 from
Lvov (1498), 60,000 from
South Russia (1515), 50,000–100,000 from
Galicia (1516), during the ‘harvesting of the steppe.’
Numbers from
Moscow (1521), 800,000 were taken and from Valynia (1676), 400,000 were taken. 800,000 from Moscow (1521),
200,000 from South Russia (1555), 100,000 from Moscow (1571), 50,000 from Poland (
1612), 60,000 from South Russia (1646), 100,000 from Poland (1648),
300,000 from
Ukraine (1654), 400,000 from Valynia (1676) and thousands from Poland (1694).
Besides these major catches, they made countless more
Jihad raids during the same period, which yielded a few to tens of thousands of slaves.878 These figures of enslavement must be considered in the context that the population of the Tatar
Khanate was only about 400,000 at the time. (1463-1694) while sources are incomplete, conservative tabulation of the slave raids against the
Eastern European population indicate that at least 7
Million European people-men, women, children were enslaved by Muslims.
Sources suggest that in the few years between 1436-1442, some 500,000 people were seized in the Balkans. Many of the captives died in forced marches towards
Anatolia (
Turkey).
Contemporary chronicles note that the
Ottomans reduced masses of the inhabitants of
Greece,
Romania, and the Balkans to slavery eg from
Moree (1460)-70,000 and
Transylvania (1438) - 60,000-70,000 and 300,000-600,000 from
Hungary and 10,000 from Mytilene/Mitilini on
Lesbos island (1462) (Bulgaru p 567) and so it continued.
The vicious destruction of Constantinople in 1453 shows the religious zeal of the Muslims, their hatred of Christians, massacres, destruction and pillage and of course, the enslavement of 50,000-60,000 people!
Turkoman
Archer massacre, enslavement, exile, destruction of farming, destruction of trade, depopulation, reduced productivity, and destruction of the normal exchange of knowledge around the
Mediterranean and through
Christian and
Jewish societies, plus colonisation by Muslims---as also occurred in the conquest of
Asia Minor.
The states of
Byzantium,
Bulgaria,
Serbia...had reached a high level of economic and cultural development before the Muslim attacks.
The conquest of the
Balkan peoples was disastrous and for centuries trammelled their normal economic and social development. Yet its described as a blessing for the population (they had the chance to become Muslim) and we are fed lies of
peace and economic unity. The Turks didnt have a higher culture or better civic organisationthey were semibarbarian tribes bent of pillage and war, enriching themselves with booty.(estates, slaves, money, jewels) and rendered fanatical by the dogmas of
Islam
Even a brief look at the date list in the slavery series, shows the violence and oppression by the Muslims!
Byzantine historian
Georgius Pachymeres, a contemporary of the events in the 1262-82 invasion north of the meander, (
Paphlagonia,
Caria in Asia Minor) described the ruination of towns and monasteries, the fleeing population and the conversion of land into a
Scythian desert. He notes indiscriminate massacres, large scale enslavement, the merciless crushing of any resistance and the death of the entire male population where people refused to surrender.
The
14th century Ottoman state had only a rudimentary economy with underdeveloped commerce and trades and money was rare. Enslavement served to weaken nations as populations were depleted and moved.
Mass enslavements are documented.
The remaining populations were severely exploited peasants who laboured for others and were subjected to excessive taxes and fines. Similarly artisans were needed so, despite the routine massacres and deportations, the military was used to stop people fleeing and force them to remain.
- published: 13 Nov 2015
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