- published: 07 Mar 2013
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Wang Huning (simplified Chinese: 王沪宁; traditional Chinese: 王滬寧; pinyin: Wáng Hùníng; born October 6, 1955) is a politician of the People's Republic of China. He currently serves as secretary of central secretariat of the Communist Party of China, and the director of Policy Research Office.
Born in Shanghai, Wang was recommended to enter East China Normal University in 1974 to study French. He was enrolled in department of international politics of Fudan University in 1977 to pursue his postgraduate degree, and his mentor was Chen Qiren and Wang Bangzuo. After graduation, Wang stayed at Fudan and became a youngest dean. In 1993, Wang led Fudan student debate team to participate in the international college debate contest in Chinese held in Singapore. The team won the champion, thus gained him great reputation.
From 1995, Wang started to take political posts. He was admitted into Policy Research Office of CPC, and served as chief of politics section, and later vice director of the office. He was promoted to director of the office in 2002. Wang was regarded as one of major brainpowers of Jiang Zemin.
The Gang of Four (simplified Chinese: 四人帮; traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sìrén bàng) was the name given to a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and were subsequently charged with a series of treasonous crimes. The members consisted of Mao Zedong's last wife Jiang Qing, the leading figure of the group, and her close associates Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.
The Gang of Four effectively controlled the power organs of the Communist Party of China through the latter stages of the Cultural Revolution, although it remains unclear which major decisions were made through Mao Zedong and carried out by the Gang, and which were the result of the Gang of Four's own planning.
The Gang of Four, together with disgraced Communist general Lin Biao, were labeled the two major "counter-revolutionary forces" of the Cultural Revolution and officially blamed by the Chinese government for the worst excesses of the societal chaos that ensued during the ten years of turmoil. Their downfall in a coup d'état on October 6, 1976, a mere month after Mao's death, brought about major celebrations on the streets of Beijing and marked the end of a turbulent political era in China.
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