The Natural History PLINY THE ELDER Audiobook Chapter Time 01 - Book 16, Chapters 1-7: Countries that have no trees; wonders connected with trees from the northern regions; the acorn oak; the civic crown; the origin of the presentation of crowns; persons presented with a crown of leaves; 13 varieties of the acorn; the beech 00:00:00 02 - Book 16, Chapters 8-15: The other acorns; wood for fuel; the gall-nut; other productions on these trees; cachrys; the kermes berry; agaric; trees of which the bark is used; shingles 00:14:41 03 - Book 16, Chapters 16-23: The pine; the pinaster; the peach-tree; the fir; the larch; the torch-tree; the yew; methods of making tar; methods by which thick pitch is prepared; how the resin called zopissa is prepared 00:32:32 04 - Book 16, Chapters 24-38: Trees the wood of which is highly valued; four varieties of the ash; two varieties of the linden tree; ten varieties of the maple; bruscum; molluscum; three varieties of the box-tree; the natures of the various trees according to their localities; trees which grow on dry soil; division of trees into various species; trees which do not lose their foliage; the nature of the leaves which wither and fall; trees which have leaves of various colours; leaves which turn round every year; the care bestowed on the leaves of the palm; remarkable facts connected with leaves 00:49:42 The Natural History Volume 4 PLINY THE ELDER (23 - 79) Naturalis Historia (Latin for "Natural History") is an encyclopedia published circa AD 77-79 by Pliny the Elder. It is one of the largest single works to have survived from the Roman empire to the modern day and purports to cover the entire field of ancient knowledge, based on the best authorities available to Pliny. The work became a model for all later encyclopedias in terms of the breadth of subject matter examined, the need to reference original authors, and a comprehensive index list of the contents. The scheme of his great work is vast and comprehensive, being nothing short of an encyclopedia of learning and of art so far as they are connected with nature or draw their materials from nature. The work divides neatly into the organic world of plants and animals, and the realm of inorganic matter, although there are frequent digressions in each section. He is especially interested in not just describing the occurrence of plants, animals and insects, but also their exploitation (or abuse) by man, especially Romans. The description of metals and minerals is particularly detailed, and valuable for the history of science as being the most extensive compilation still available from the ancient world. (Summary adapted from Wikipedia by Leni) This fourth volume includes books sixteen to twenty, covering the following subjects: Book 16 - The natural history of the forest trees Book 17 - The natural history of the cultivated trees Book 18 - The natural history of grain Book 19 - The nature and cultivation of flax and an account of various garden plants Book 20 - Remedies derived from the garden plants Volume 1 of this work can be found here Volume 2 of this work can be found here Volume 3 of this work can be found here Genre(s): Classics (Antiquity), *Non-fiction Language: English Group: The Natural History by Pliny

• published: 09 Apr 2015
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