Visit: http://academyofone.org Forum: http://www.academyofone.org/forums/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/user/Academyofone1 Article: http://www.academyofone.org/protists-kingdoms-of-eukaryota-introduction-to-biology-11-6/ Royalty free music licensed by http://www.stockmusic.net Royalty free photos licensed by http://www.bigstockphoto.com Script: Now that we got the comedians of the eukaryota world let’s talk about the dwarfs of the land. Of course I am talking about protists. What’s going on everybody! My name is Jack Jenkins and this is Academy of One. Today we are talking about protists, the second kingdom of eukaryota. Protists are the smallest eukaryotes. They are usually the single celled organism that we ignore in our everyday lives. But if when I flash pictures of protists like so we are able to see the beauty of them. By the way, just cause they are single celled does not mean that they’re invisible to the human eye. Xenophyophore is a class of protists found in the water. These guys can get up to twenty centimeters in diameter... that’s a single celled organism by the way. These protists, while single celled, can get rather massive. Another awesome thing about protists is how they are able to eat. Most predator protists are able to project there cell membrane at food and wrap them in it. The protists then engulfs it and gets all that nutrition. Any cell that is able to do this is called an ameobolds. Another way protists get good is by creating currents in the area. The currents then sweep up the food particles into the food vacuole where the food will be digested. Lastly, some protists are able to do photosynthesis and receive energy that way. Algae is such protists that does this. And now it’s time to look at the diversity of these wonderful protists. We have six different types of protists: Excavates, euglenozoans, heterokont, alveolates, rhizaria, and amoebozoans. Let’s explore the different groups in more detail. The first group of protists are the excavates. These excavates are special because they don’t have a mitochondria. In fact you may hear excavates be referred to as amitochondriates. What they lack in a mitochondria they make up in other features. For instance most excavates have two to four to six flagella. They also have a ventral feeding groove to devour food fast. The second group of protists is the euglenozoans. These protists have a very distinctly shape mitochondria. Theirs are disked shaped while most are this pool shaped. Most euglenozoans have flagella which are parallel to one another. Most of them are photosynthetic and cause diseases... Trypanosoma for example will cause African sleeping sickness which causes fever, swollenness and death if not cured. The third group of protists is the heterokont. This is the biggest group of eukaryotes containing more than a hundred thousand species. Most of them are different types of algae such as kelp. Stonewort, and the single celled chlorella. Algae lack a lot of the plant like structures that we come to know such as leaves and roots. A lot of people think that algae’s are plants but actually they are closer to cyanobacteria then they are to traditional land plants. While most are algae the rest are usually phytophthora or water molds. Some examples are infestans which is infamous for the cause of the great Irish famine. Another is capsici which infects cucurbitaceae fruits such as squash. Water molds have long filaments that form cottony balls. This got water molds confused as a fungi until pretty recent. Just shows you that you can’t judge an organism by its appearance. Next are the alveolates. Alveolates are all single-celled organisms that have flattened vesicles that support the membrane. Alveolates can be split into four distinct phylum. Apicomplexa are the parasite one that produces spores that have flagella. Chromerida are photosynthetic and have an internal flagellum. The third phylum of alveolates is the ciliates. These have little hair like organelles called a cilium that act as a sensory mean. We have cilia in our trachea that get all the dirt out of our lungs. Don’t know what trachea is then go watch the anatomy and physiology series. Plug. The fourth and last phylum of alveolates are the dinoflagellates. These guys have two flagella’s that move them around. A prime example of these guys are plankton... no not the SpongeBob version. Yeah... there we go. The fifth group of protists is the rhizaria. These are the group of protists that use the pseudopods. The rhizaria also have shells or skeletons around them to help against dangers. These shells turn into the fossils that help prove or evolutionary timeline... watch that unit for more information.

• published: 16 Jul 2015
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