- published: 24 Mar 2015
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The Chouannerie was a royalist uprising in twelve of the western departements of France, particularly in the provinces of Brittany and Maine, against the French Revolution, the First French Republic, and even, with its headquarters in London rather than France, for a time, under the Empire. It played out in three phases and lasted from the spring of 1794 until 1800.
Its members, known as Chouans, were motivated by their opposition to conscription and their support of the Catholic Church. They engaged in what would later be called guerrilla warfare. One of their leaders was Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouerie, and another was the namesake of the insurrection, Jean Chouan.
From 1791, the rejection of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy caused the peasants around Vannes to rise in defence of their bishop against the patriots of Lorient who wished to impose the oath on him. The following spring, in the area around Quimper, a justice of the peace led several parishes in a rising in the king's name against the local authorities.
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