Index

An index is an indirect shortcut derived from and pointing into a greater volume of values, data, information or knowledge. Index may refer to:

Business

Publishing

Database index

A database index is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of additional writes and storage space to maintain the index data structure. Indexes are used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a database table every time a database table is accessed. Indexes can be created using one or more columns of a database table, providing the basis for both rapid random lookups and efficient access of ordered records.

An index is a copy of select columns of data from a table that can be searched very efficiently that also includes a low-level disk block address or direct link to the complete row of data it was copied from. Some databases extend the power of indexing by letting developers create indices on functions or expressions. For example, an index could be created on upper(last_name), which would only store the upper case versions of the last_name field in the index. Another option sometimes supported is the use of partial indices, where index entries are created only for those records that satisfy some conditional expression. A further aspect of flexibility is to permit indexing on user-defined functions, as well as expressions formed from an assortment of built-in functions.

Index (statistics)

In statistics and research design, an index is a composite statistic – a measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points, or in other words, a compound measure that aggregates multiple indicators. Indexes summarize and rank specific observations.

Much data in the field of social sciences is represented in various indices such as Gender Gap Index, Human Development Index or the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Item in indexes are usually weighted equally, unless there are some reasons against it (for example, if two items reflect essentially the same aspect of a variable, they could have a weight of 0.5 each).

Constructing the items involves four steps. First, items should be selected based on their face validity, unidimensionality, the degree of specificity in which a dimension is to be measured, and their amount of variance. Items should be empirically related to one another, which leads to the second step of examining their multivariate relationships. Third, indexes scores are designed, which involves determining their score ranges and weights for the items. Finally, indexes should be validateds, which involves testing whether they can predict indicators related to the measured variable not used in their construction.

Introduction

Introduction, The Introduction, Intro, or The Intro may refer to:

Intro (R&B group)

Intro is an American R&B trio from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. The trio consisted of members Jeff Sanders, Clinton "Buddy" Wike and lead singer/songwriter Kenny Greene. Intro released two albums (for Atlantic Records): 1993's Intro and their second album, 1995's New Life. The group had a string of US hits in the 1990s. The hits included the singles "Let Me Be The One", the Stevie Wonder cover "Ribbon in the Sky", "Funny How Time Flies" and their highest charting hit, "Come Inside".

Intro's Kenny Greene died from complications of AIDS in 2001. Intro recently emerged as a quintet consisting of Clinton "Buddy" Wike, Jeff Sanders, Ramon Adams and Eric Pruitt. Adams departed in 2014, with the group back down to its lineup as a trio. They are currently recording a new album to be released in 2015. The group released a new single in 2013 called "I Didn't Sleep With Her" and a new single "Lucky" in October 2014.

Discography

Albums

Singles

References

Ich Troje

Ich Troje ("The Three of Them") is a Polish pop band. Former members are Magdalena Pokora (aka Magda Femme, 1996–2000), Justyna Majkowska (2000–2003), Elli Mücke (2003) and Ania Wisniewska (2003–2010).

Ich Troje was founded in 1996 by songwriter Michał Wiśniewski and composer Jacek Łągwa.

Despite this, the group had five members when taking part in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, with German rapper O-Jay (Olaf Jeglitza) as the fifth member.

Their music is castigated by critics, and Michal Wisniewski has said himself that he can't actually sing.

Nevertheless, since 2000, Ich Troje has been one of the most successful Polish groups. They have sold more than 1.5 million records since June 2001. For the past two years, Ich Troje have given over 300 concerts. Their songs are typically about love, betrayal and break-ups.

On 25 January 2003, Polish TV viewers chose Ich Troje to represent them in 2003 Eurovision Song Contest by televoting. They performed a song called Keine Grenzen-Żadnych granic, which was sung in three languages: (Polish, German, and Russian). The song finished seventh. A fully German version of the song was recorded as well.

Mundus (general)

Mundo (Greek: Μοῦνδος; Moundos; died 536), commonly referred to in the latinized form Mundus, was an Germanic general of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Justinian I.

Origin and early life

According to Theophanes, Mundus was the son of Γιέσμ (Giesmus), a ruler of the East Germanic tribe Gepids, and nephew to another Gepid ruler, Trapstila. Giesmus name root *gesm <*gésəm derives from Turkic-Mongolian root kes/käs (protector, bestower of favor, blessing, good-fortune). His father was killed in battle against the Ostrogoths of Theoderic in 488, after which Mundus accepted the latter's invitation to join him. He remained in Italy until Theodoric's death in 526, at which point he returned to his homeland.

The exact date of Mundus's birth is unknown. According to Jordanes, Theophanes and John Malalas, Mundus had Hunnic Attilanic descent. His name has same etymology like Attila's father Mundzuk, from Turkic *munʒu (jewel, pearl; flag).

In Roman service

In 529, Mundus sent envoys to Justinian, offering his allegiance. His offer was accepted, and Mundo was appointed magister militum per Illyricum, head of all military forces in Illyria and along the Danubian frontier. During the next two years, he defeated incursions of Slavs and Bulgars into the Balkans and sent much booty to Constantinople.