Die Kämpfe (The Battle of Gaugamela)
(Deu)
Alexander dem Großen (
Alexander of Macedon) - Der Feldzug von Alexander dem Großen, seiner Reise, die Schlachten, in wenigen Worten die Eroberung Asiens.
Im zweiten Teil stehen wir vor der unwiderstehlichen
Marsch der mazedonischen Armee in einer
Zeit der Biblio und
Sidon,
Tyrus und unterstützen die Belagerung von
Gaza, der Abstieg in Ägypten, wo Alexander wurde
Pharao.
Doch der größte Teil der
Schlacht von
Gaugamela gewidmet ist, wo König
Darius wurde schwer geschlagen und verließ
Babylon auf die
Gnade der Mazedoniens.
(Ang) At
Tyre, Alexander received reinforcements from
Europe, reorganized his forces, and started for Babylon. He conquered the lands between rivers
Tigris and Euphrates and found the
Persian army at the plains of Gaugamela, near modern
Irbil in
Iraq, which according to the exaggerated accounts of antiquity was said to number a million men. The
Macedonians spotted the lights from the
Persian campfires and encouraged Alexander to lead his attack under cover of darkness. But he refused to take advantage of the situation because he wanted to defeat Darius in an equally matched battle so that the
Persian king would never again dare to raise an army against him.
The two armies met on the battlefield the next morning,
October 1, 331 BC. On the Persian side were numerous Asiatic nations - Bactrians,
Indians, Medians,
Sogdians, even
Albanians from the
Caucasus, the ancestors of the modern Albanians who many centuries later migrated to Europe and are now northern neighbors to the modern
Greeks (hellens) and western neighbors to the modern Macedonians. The survivors of the 50,
000 Ionians and athinians which Darius had on his side at the beginning of the war were also among the Persian ranks.
At the beginning of the battle the Persian forces split and separated the two Macedonians wings. The wing of general
Parmenio appeared to be backing down, but Alexander's cavalry rode straight after Darius and forced again his flight like he did at
Issus. Darius fled to
Ecbatana in
Media, and Alexander occupied Babylon, the imperial capital
Susa, and the Persian capital
Persepolis, and was henceforth proclaimed king of
Asia. Four months later, the Macedonians burned the royal palace in Persepolis, completing the end of the ancient
Persian Empire.
- Suppression of the Athinian and
Spartan rebellion,
Discharge of the athinians , and the
Death of
Darius III
Meanwhile in Athina , under the leadership of
Sparta rose to a rebellion against the
Macedonian occupation.
Antipater was in
Thrace at the time and the hellens took the opportunity to push back the Macedonian forces. But their initial victory did not last for long as Antipater returned with a large army, defeated the rebels, and regained Athina and Sparta. 5,
300 athino-spartans , including the
Spartan king Agis III were killed, while the Macedonians lost 3,
500 men.
In Asia, the news of the beginning of the helenic rebellion had Alexander so deeply worried, that he immediately sent money to Antipater to counter it. And when he learned that the hellens were defeated, Alexandroy Makedonon discharged all soldiers of the
League of Corinth forces in his army. He no longer needed these hostages and potential troublemakers.