- published: 20 Jan 2016
- views: 8620
Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Charcoal and anthracite have also been used as fuel. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.5–4.5%, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.
The traditional shape of the molds used for these ingots was a branching structure formed in sand, with many individual ingots at right angles to a central channel or runner. Such a configuration is similar in appearance to a litter of piglets suckling on a sow. When the metal had cooled and hardened, the smaller ingots (the pigs) were simply broken from the much thinner runner (the sow), hence the name pig iron. As pig iron is intended for remelting, the uneven size of the ingots and the inclusion of small amounts of sand caused only insignificant problems considering the ease of casting and handling them.
The Chinese were making pig iron by the later Zhou Dynasty (1122–256 BC). In Europe, the process was not invented until the Late Middle Ages (1350–1500). Actually the phase transition of the iron into liquid phase in the furnace was an avoided phenomenon, as decarburizing the pig iron into steel was an extremely tedious process with medieval technology.
A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig, its ancestor the wild boar, and several other wild relatives. Pigs are omnivores and are highly social and intelligent animals.[citation needed]
A typical pig has a large head with a long snout which is strengthened by a special prenasal bone and by a disk of cartilage at the tip. The snout is used to dig into the soil to find food and is a very acute sense organ. There are four hoofed toes on each foot, with the two larger central toes bearing most of the weight, but the outer two also being used in soft ground.
The dental formula of adult pigs is Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \tfrac{ 3.1.4.3}{ 3.1.4.3} , giving a total of 44 teeth. The rear teeth are adapted for crushing. In the male the canine teeth form tusks, which grow continuously and are sharpened by constantly being ground against each other.
With around 1 billion individuals alive at any time, the domesticated pig is one of the most numerous large mammals on the planet.
Iron (/ˈaɪərn/ EYE-ər-n) is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element (by mass) forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust. Iron's very common presence in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production as a result of fusion in high-mass stars, where the production of nickel-56 (which decays to the most common isotope of iron) is the last nuclear fusion reaction that is exothermic. This causes radioactive nickel to become the last element to be produced before collapse of a supernova leads to the explosive events that scatter this precursor radionuclide of iron abundantly into space.
Like other group 8 elements, iron exists in a wide range of oxidation states, −2 to +8, although +2 and +3 are the most common. Elemental iron occurs in meteoroids and other low oxygen environments, but is reactive to oxygen and water. Fresh iron surfaces appear lustrous silvery-gray, but oxidize in normal air to give iron oxides, also known as rust. Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than iron metal, and thus iron oxides flake off and expose fresh surfaces for corrosion.
Actors: John Carradine (actor), Al Adamson (director), John Durren (actor), Ron Moler (editor), Harry Hope (producer), Tony DiDio (producer), Kenneth Yates (producer), Burr Smidt (actor), Erwin Fuller (actor), Maria Dillon (miscellaneous crew), Jane Ralston (actress), Steven Fisher (actor), Will Walker (actor), Joseph R. Laird Jr. (producer), Bruce Stewart (actor),
Genres: Comedy,I have no fear...the new age is here
Plastic age...road rage
We got videos, stereos, radios and telephones
Nubile contractors, nuclear reactors
Sex scenes in magazines, laser beams
And war machines
I have no fear, the new age is here...Pig Iron
Technology, it's all just shit to me...Pig Iron
Satellites and motorbikes
We got smog counts and head counts
Silicon chips and breakdowns
Virtual reality is breeding insanity
Fuck this rat race...shoot me off
Into cyberspace
I have no fear, the new age is here...Pig Iron
Technology, it's all just shit to me...Pig Iron
Don't touch me...
I'm dirty...
Don't push me...
I'm evil...
Listen...
Test tube families
We got ecstasy, heroin, crack, cocaine, amphetamine
Sniff it up, jack it up, blow your fucking brains out
We got Star Wars, race wars, HIV and BSE
I have no fear, the new age is here...Pig Iron
Let's fire up the oven, we'll burn the atmosphere
I have no fear, the new age is here...Pig Iron
Pig Iron
Pig Iron
Pig Iron