Retroflex

A retroflex consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants, especially in Indology. Other terms occasionally encountered are domal and cacuminal.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, retroflex consonants are indicated with a hook in the bottom right, such as [ʂ ʐ ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ ɽ ɻ]. Alternatively, especially for those sounds with a relatively forward articulation (e.g. in the alveolar or postalveolar region rather than the hard palate), they can be indicated with a retracted diacritic (underbar); this occurs especially for [s̱ ẕ]. (Other sounds indicated this way, such as [ṉ ḻ ḏ], tend to refer to alveolo-palatal rather than retroflex consonants.)

Retroflex sounds need to be distinguished from other consonants made in the same parts of the mouth (postalveolar, alveolar, or palatal):

The first three types of sounds above have a convex tongue shape, which gives them an additional secondary articulation of palatalization. The last type has a groove running down the center line of the tongue, which gives it a strongly hissing quality. The retroflex sounds, however, have a flat or concave shape, with no associated palatalization, and no groove running down the tongue. The term "retroflex", in fact, literally means "bent back" (concave), although consonants with a flat tongue shape are commonly considered retroflex as well.

'Mass rape' video on social media shocks Brazil

Edit BBC News 27 May 2016

Brazilian police are hunting more than 30 men suspected of raping a teenage girl in Rio de Janeiro, and of putting video of the attack on social media. The girl is reported to have gone to her boyfriend's house on Saturday and to have regained consciousness later, surrounded by the men ... ....

photo: AP / Paul Sancya

Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., speaks during a campaign event, Monday, April 4, 2016, in Milwaukee.

It’s Game On for Sanders and Trump but Game Over for Hillary

Edit WorldNews.com 27 May 2016

Article by WNews.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. While it hasn’t been a good week for Democratic hopeful Hillary Clinton, the latest twist and turn in this surprising 2016 presidential race has just caused Donald Trump’s and Bernie Sanders’ poll numbers to surge. Indeed, on ABC’s “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” the presumptive Republican nominee was asked if he would consider debating with Sanders ... But it gets even worse ... Sanders....

photo: AP / Ivan Sekretarev

Putin Declares Russia an 'Ally' to Islamic World

Edit Newsweek 27 May 2016

Russian President Vladimir Putin has vowed that his country will always be a “reliable ally” to the “Islamic world” at a discussion event on the topic of Islam and Russia, state news agency RIA Novosti reported ... Try Newsweek. Subscription offers ... ....

photo: US DoS

The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park - including the Cenotaph, eternal flame, and remains of the former Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall - await U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and his counterparts before they arrive to commemorate the atomic bomb blast that ended the World War II Pacific campaign during a break in the G7 Ministerial Meetings in the city

Japanese pronunciation of Hiroshima has virtually no accent

Edit NZ Herald 27 May 2016

TOKYO (AP) " The way some Americans used to pronounce Hiroshima, the city where an atomic bomb was dropped in the closing days of World War II, "HEE-roh-SHEE-mah," sounds a bit foreign to the Japanese ear.The Japanese language generally... ....

photo: AP / Shuji Kajiyama

U.S. President Barack Obama lays a wreath at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima, western, Japan, Friday, May 27, 2016. Obama on Friday became the first sitting U.S. president to visit the site of the world's first atomic bomb attack, bringing global attention both to survivors and to his unfulfilled vision of a world without nuclear weapons.

'Death fell from the sky': Barack Obama pays moving tribute at Hiroshima

Edit Deccan Chronicle 27 May 2016

Hiroshima. Barack Obama on Friday paid moving tribute to victims of the world's first nuclear attack during a historic visit to Hiroshima ... The bomb "demonstrated that mankind possessed the means to destroy itself". Barack Obama lays a wreath during a visit to the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima. (Photo. AFP) ... ....

search tools

You can search using any combination of the items listed below.

Language:

Sort type:

Arrived Within:

Search Type:

Patents take the spotlight at high-tech hub (Beijing Municipal Government)

Edit Public Technologies 21 Oct 2015

(Source. Beijing Municipal Government). During a patent exhibition week held in Beijing's Haidian district, high-tech companies showcased patented products and thousands of patents were traded during the event to boost research and development in the technology hub ... The axle of the company's YOGA laptop can be retroflexed 360 degrees and can be used as a tablet, said Gao Fei, director of the patent department of Lenovo ... distributed by....

ClearWorld and MiaSole Enter Multi-MW, International Sole Supplier Agreement ClearWorld LLC, an alternative energy system solution provider, and MiaSolé have entered into an exclusive Multi-MW agreement in which MiaSolé will be the sole supplier of flexible, lightweight solar panels for ClearWorld's unique LED lighting system, RETROFLEX®.

Edit PR Newswire 24 Sep 2015

24, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- ClearWorld LLC, an alternative energy system solution provider, and MiaSolé have entered into an exclusive Multi-MW agreement in which MiaSolé will be the sole supplier of flexible, lightweight solar panels for ClearWorld's unique LED lighting system, RETROFLEX® ... The RETROFLEX unit supports wireless monitoring for faults as well as wireless programming including dimming capabilities....

New Colon Technologies: Help or Hype? (AGA - American Gastroenterological Association)

Edit Public Technologies 20 Jul 2015

(Source. AGA - American Gastroenterological Association). July 18, 2015. Quality indicators in colonoscopy have been established and are here to stay. Seth A. Gross, MD ... This article appears in the June/July 2015 issue of AGA Perspectives ... Several years ago the third-eye retroscope was a camera-based catheter, which went down the working channel of the scope and would come out retroflexed to view proximal folds ... Dr ... References. 1 ... 2 ... 3 ... et al ... 4....

Understanding the Consonant Chart

Edit About.com 29 Apr 2015

So, from left to right, bilabial represents sound stopped by just the lips (English ‘p’ and ‘b), labiodental is the lips and teeth (English ‘f’ and ‘v’), dental is the tongue and teeth (English ‘th’ in this and with), alveolar is the tongue and bumpy ridge right behind the teeth (English ‘s’ and ‘z’), post-alveolar is the tongue and near or the ......

How Languages and Genes Evolve Together

Edit Yahoo Daily News 03 Feb 2015

As human populations disperse, the separation leads to changes both in genes and in language. So if we look at human DNA and languages over time, we should find that they differ along similar geographic lines. It’s an intuitive theory, but difficult to prove ... View gallery. The data show where genetic and linguistic variation happen ... A gray circle marks the presence of a phoneme—/ʈ/, the voiceless retroflex stop—in that language....

Ultrasound Guides Tongue to Pronounce “R” Sounds (NYU - New York University)

Edit noodls 27 Oct 2014

(Source. NYU - New York University) ... The two primary strategies to create the "r" sound include a retroflex tongue shape, where the tongue tip is pointed up, and the bunched tongue shape, where the tongue tip is pointed down and body of tongue bunches up toward the top of the mouth ... However, while trying to create a bunched tongue, one child stumbled upon a retroflex tongue shape and was able to improve her "r" sound ... distributed by....

Olympus Launches New Hemostasis Clip with Advanced Control for GI Endoscopy (Olympus America Inc)

Edit noodls 09 Sep 2014

(Source. Olympus America Inc) < return="" to="" press="">. QuickClip Pro Delivers Both Rotational Control and Open and Close Capabilitiesfor Precise Handling and Predictable Performance ... Norio Fukami, Associate Professor of Medicine at University of Colorado. "In a retroflexed scope position, it can be inserted and rotated smoothly, and it is strong enough to close large defects ... Quality of care....

Olympus Launches New Hemostasis Clip with Advanced Control for GI Endoscopy (Gyrus ACMI Inc)

Edit noodls 08 Sep 2014

(Source. Gyrus ACMI Inc). QuickClip ProTM Delivers Both Rotational Control and Open and Close Capabilitiesfor Precise Handling and Predictable Performance ... "I have found the QuickClip Pro to be superior in some features to the other clips on the market," said Dr ... "In a retroflexed scope position, it can be inserted and rotated smoothly, and it is strong enough to close large defects ... Quality of care ... Decrease costs ... (Booth #727) ... (noodl....

Olympus Launches New Hemostasis Clip with Advanced Control for GI Endoscopy QuickClip Pro™ Delivers Both Rotational Control and Open and Close Capabilities for Precise Handling and Predictable Performance

Edit PR Newswire 08 Sep 2014

The Olympus QuickClip Pro offers new innovations for hemostatic clipping with rotational control and open and close capabilities, providing versatile, responsive and effective performance. (PRNewsFoto/Olympus) Facebook Twitter Pinterest. × ... (PRNewsFoto/Olympus). CENTER VALLEY, Pa., Sept ... "In a retroflexed scope position, it can be inserted and rotated smoothly, and it is strong enough to close large defects ... Quality of care ... i ... ii ... ....

Art for Afternoon Tea

Edit Scoop 10 Feb 2014

Monday, 10 February 2014, 5.30 pm. Press Release .. Put a little art in your day ... This week’s Art for Afternoon Tea schedule is. ... Retroflex by Derrick Cherrie ... ENDS.   ... ....

Retroflex

ALBUMS

The History of Suck Me Plasma

Feel the World E.P.

Edition For Ravers

Retroflex

ALBUMS

Soma

Spanning Time EP

Variations in Consciousness, Part 2

Soma Quality Recordings, Volume 6

'Mass rape' video on social media shocks Brazil

It’s Game On for Sanders and Trump but Game Over for Hillary

Putin Declares Russia an 'Ally' to Islamic World

Japanese pronunciation of Hiroshima has virtually no accent

'Death fell from the sky': Barack Obama pays moving tribute at Hiroshima

You can search using any combination of the items listed below.

Patents take the spotlight at high-tech hub (Beijing Municipal Government)

New Colon Technologies: Help or Hype? (AGA - American Gastroenterological Association)

Understanding the Consonant Chart

How Languages and Genes Evolve Together

Ultrasound Guides Tongue to Pronounce “R” Sounds (NYU - New York University)

Olympus Launches New Hemostasis Clip with Advanced Control for GI Endoscopy (Olympus America Inc)

Olympus Launches New Hemostasis Clip with Advanced Control for GI Endoscopy (Gyrus ACMI Inc)

Olympus Launches New Hemostasis Clip with Advanced Control for GI Endoscopy QuickClip Pro™ Delivers Both Rotational Control and Open and Close Capabilities for Precise Handling and Predictable Performance

Art for Afternoon Tea