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From today's featured article Oerip Soemohardjo (1893–1948) was an Indonesian general and the first chief of staff of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He trained in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to become a lieutenant in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, and after almost 25 years of service was the highest-ranking Native Indonesian officer in the country. He resigned in 1938, but was recalled to active duty after Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940. When the Empire of Japan occupied Indonesia less than two years later, he was detained in a prisoner-of-war camp for three and a half months. Indonesia proclaimed its independence from the Netherlands in 1945; several months later, he was declared the chief of staff and interim leader of the newly formed army. Working to build a united force from the fractured former military groups in the country, he oversaw army development during the Indonesian National Revolution along with General Sudirman, the leader of the armed forces. He has received several awards from the Indonesian government, including the title National Hero of Indonesia. (Full article...) Recently featured: Arthur Sifton Three-cent silver Debora Green Did you know... Alberto Contador ... that Alberto Contador (pictured) won the 2015 Giro d'Italia, without winning any stage victories? ... that prior to working on Star Trek, Gene Roddenberry was a combat pilot for the US Army Air Force and an LAPD officer? ... that Haute-Loire was the birthplace of Claude-Jean Allouez, 17th-century missionary and explorer in North America? ... that the music video for Adele's song "Hello" was the first to be filmed using IMAX cameras? ... that Deborah Saunt was cited as one of "London's top architects" in 2012? ... that an estimated 67,500 South American tern nests containing 112,500 eggs were found on a single 150-yard (140 m) stretch of beach in Argentina? ... that the Huawei Watch is the company's first smartwatch? ... that Douglas Lambert scored a record five tries on his international rugby union debut?

In the news Lewis Hamilton A 7.5-magnitude earthquake strikes Afghanistan and Pakistan, killing at least 280 people and injuring more than 800 others. In motorsport, Lewis Hamilton (pictured) wins the Formula One World Drivers' Championship and Mercedes secures the Constructors' Championship. Jimmy Morales is elected President of Guatemala in a run-off vote. Hurricane Patricia, the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere, makes landfall in Mexico. Scientists describe a new species of giant tortoise, Chelonoidis donfaustoi, in the Galápagos Islands. Ongoing events: Russian military intervention in Syria European migrant crisis Recent deaths: Maureen O'Hara On this day... October 27 Ayub Khan 1644 – English Civil War: The combined armies of Parliament inflicted a tactical defeat on the Royalists, but failed to gain any strategic advantage in the Second Battle of Newbury. 1838 – Governor of Missouri Lilburn Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44, ordering all Mormons to leave the state or be killed. 1958 – General Ayub Khan (pictured) deposed Iskander Mirza in a bloodless coup d'état to become the second President of Pakistan, less than three weeks after Mirza had appointed him the enforcer of martial law. 1981 – Cold War: Soviet Whiskey-class submarine U 137 ran aground near Sweden's Karlskrona naval base, sparking an international incident termed "Whiskey on the rocks". 2005 – The deaths of two Muslim youths in the Clichy-sous-Bois suburb of Paris triggered four months of rioting by mostly youths of North African origins in various parts of France. More anniversaries: October 26 October 27 October 28

Today's featured picture A cordwainer making shoes in Capri, Italy. Cordwainers are shoemakers who make shoes from new leather. They are distinct from cobblers, who repair shoes or make shoes out of old leather. Photograph: Jorge Royan Recently featured: Sainte-Geneviève Library The Last Day of Pompeii Red-legged partridge

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