Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. Trenitalia is owned by Ferrovie dello Stato, itself owned by the Italian Government. It was created in the year 2000 following the EU directive on the deregulation of rail transport.

Trenitalia offers national rail transport in Italy and international connections to Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Spain, and Switzerland. The company operates both local (regional) and long-distance trains.

Regional trains travel within a region or between neighboring regions. Trains usually stop at all stations, thus connecting small centers to big cities. Regionale veloce (fast regional) are trains stopping at fewer stations.

Local train rolling stock comprises about 4500 carriages, 850 locomotives and more than 2600 other light rail cars. This includes over 600 E464 class locomotives.

Trenitalia is responsible for the operation of regional passenger trains (co-financed by regions) in all railway lines managed by RFI^{[not in citation given]} (also fully owned by Ferrovie dello Stato), except in Lombardy, where Trenord (50% Trenitalia and 50% Ferrovie Nord Milano) operates all regional passenger trains.