{{infobox Imams |name = Ja‘far al-Sādiq |given name = Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Alī |rank = Sixth Twelver/Musta‘lī ImāmFifth Nizārī Imām |subtitle = Abū ‘Abdillāh |birth = 17th Rabī‘ al-Awwal 83 AH≈ 20 April 702 C.E. |death = 15th Shawwāl 148 AH≈ 14 December 765 C.E. |birthplace = Medina |buried = Jannatul Baqī‘, Medina |duration = Before Imāmate: 31 years (83 - 114 AH)- 12 years with his grandfather Imām as-Sajjād- 19 years with his father Imām al-BāqirImāmate: 34 years([114 - 148 AH] |titles = *as-Sādiq He is the Imam recognized by both Ismaili and Twelver Shi'a and the dispute over who was to succeed him led to a division within Shi'a Islam. He is said to be highly respected by both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims for his great Islamic scholarship, pious character, and academic contributions. The last name "Jaafari" is highly respected in the Middle East. Although he is perhaps most famous as the founder of Shia fiqh, known as Ja'fari or Jaafari jurisprudence, he had many other accomplishments. He was the teacher of many subsequent scholars such as the founders of the Hanafi, Maliki and Akhbari schools of thought. As well as being considered an Imam on the Shi'a chain, he is also revered by the Naqshbandi Sunni Sufi chain. He was a polymath: an astronomer, alchemist, Imam, Islamic scholar, Islamic theologian, writer, philosopher, physician, physicist and scientist. He was also the teacher of the famous chemist, Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), and a contemporary of Abū Ḥanīfa, founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence. In the shia hadith text Kitab Al-Kafi, Abu Abdallah (Imam Jafar) states that Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyib was of the trusted and reliable companions of Imam Zayn al-Abidin, Ali bin Husain. Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyib married the daughter of Abu Hurayrah in order to be closer to him and to learn better the Traditions that he narrated.

Birth and family life

Ja'far Al-Sadiq has three titles; they are As-Sadiq, Al-Fadil, and At-Tahir. His father, Muhammad al-Baqir is considered by Shi'as to be the fifth Shi’ah Imam and his mother, Umm Farwa, was the grand daughter of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, who was the son of Caliph Abu Bakr Siddiq, considered by Sunnis to be the first Caliph in Islam.

Ja'far al-Sadiq was 34 years old when his father, Muhammad al-Baqir was poisoned upon which, according to Shi'a doctrine, he inherited the Imamate.

Marriage and offspring

Following his wife's death Al-Sadiq purchased a slave of Berber origin named Hamidah Khātūn (), freed her, trained her as an Islamic scholar, and then married her. She bore Mūsá al-Kāżim (the seventh Shi’ah Imam) and Muhammad al-Dibaj and was revered by the Shī‘ah, especially by women, for her wisdom.

Scholarly attainments

Ja'far Al-Sadiq became well versed in Islamic sciences, including Hadith, Sunnah, and the Qur'an. In addition to his knowledge of Islamic sciences, Ja'far Al-Sadiq was also an adept in natural sciences, mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, anatomy, alchemy and other subjects.

The foremost Islamic alchemist, Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan, known in Europe as Geber, was Ja'far Al-Sadiq's most prominent student. Ja'far Al-Sadiq was known for his liberal views on learning, and was keen to have discourse with Scholars of other views.

Abū Ḥanīfa was an Islamic scholar and Jurist. He was a student of Ja'far Al-Sadiq, as was Imam Malik ibn Anas, who quotes 12 hadiths from Imam Jafar Sadiq in his famous Al-Muwatta. was to be the heir. However, Ismā‘īl predeceased his father.

Some of the Shī‘ah claimed Ismā‘īl had not died, but rather gone into hiding, but the proto-Ismā‘īlī group accepted his death and therefore that his eldest son, Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl, was now Imām. Muḥammad remained in contact with this "Mubārakiyyah" group, most of whom resided in Kūfah.

In contrast, Twelvers don't believe that Isma'il ibn Jafar was ever given the nass ("designation of the Imamate"), but they acknowledge that this was the popular belief among the people at the time. Both Shaykh Tusi did not believe that the divine designation was changed (called Bada'), arguing that if matters as important as Imāmate were subject to change, then the basic fundamentals of belief should also be subject to change. Thus Twelvers accept that Mūsá al-Kāżim was the only son who was ever designated for Imāmate.

This is the initial point of divergence between the proto-Twelvers and the proto-Ismā‘īlī. This disagreement over the proper heir to Ja‘far has been a point of contention between the two groups ever since. The split among the Mubārakiyyah came with Muḥammad's death. The majority of the group denied his death; they recognised him as the Mahdi. The minority believed in his death and would eventually emerge in later times as the Fāṭimid Ismā‘īlī, ancestors to all modern groups.

Another Shia branch that emerged around the figure of Ja'far al-Sadiq was the Tawussite Shia. Following the death of al-Sadiq, the Tawussite's denied that he died and instead believed in his Mahdism.

Another Shia branch claimed that al-Sadiq's eldest surviving son Abdullah al-Aftah was the Imam to succeed his father. This branch was known as the Aftahiyya/Fathiyya/Fathites.

Anecdotes

Ja'far Al-Sadiq replied: "If you cannot see the created, how can you expect to see the creator?"

Timeline

See also

Notes

References

External links

Category:Shi'a imams Category:Start-Class Islam-related articles Category:702 births Category:765 deaths Category:Alchemists Category:Twelver imams

Mahmoud Karimi (, born May 9, 1978 in Sibak, Esfahan Province, Iran) is a retired Iranian football striker who played for Sepahan F.C. in Iran Pro League.

Karimi's full name is Mahmoud Karimi Sibaki, and he is from Sibak, a Georgian town in Fereydunshahr county. He is the most famous Iranian Georgian footballer in Iran. His most memorable performance dates to the semifinals of the 2007 Hazfi Cup, when he scored a hat-trick in the second overtime period against Persepolis F.C. to give Sepahan a 4-1 win.

On July 17 2009 Karimi announced his retirement from playing club football due to nagging injuries. |- |2001-02||rowspan="8"|Persian Gulf Cup||rowspan="8"|Sepahan||?||5||||||-||-|| |- |2002-03||23||7||||||-||-|||| |- |2003-04||23||5||||||?||6|||| |- |2004-05||22||3||||||?||1|||| |- |2005-06||23||0||||||-||-|||| |- |2006-07||16||3||5||4||6||3||27||10 |- |2007-08||19||10||0||0||1||0||20||10 |- |2008-09||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0

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References

Category:Iranian footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:Sepahan players Category:Iranian people of Georgian descent Category:People from Isfahan Province Category:1978 births Category:Living people