The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons). The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by the electromagnetic force. Likewise, a group of atoms can remain bound to each other, forming a molecule. An atom containing an equal number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral, otherwise it has a positive charge if there are fewer electrons (electron deficiency) or negative charge if there are more electrons (electron excess). A positively or negatively charged atom is known as an ion. An atom is classified according to the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus: the number of protons determines the chemical element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element.
The name atom comes from the Greek ἄτομος (atomos, "indivisible") from ἀ- (a-, "not") and τέμνω (temnō, "I cut"), which means uncuttable, or indivisible, something that cannot be divided further. The concept of an atom as an indivisible component of matter was first proposed by early Indian and Greek philosophers. In the 17th and 18th centuries, chemists provided a physical basis for this idea by showing that certain substances could not be further broken down by chemical methods. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, physicists discovered subatomic components and structure inside the atom, thereby demonstrating that the 'atom' was divisible. The principles of quantum mechanics were used to successfully model the atom.
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BBC Documentary Atom 1 The Clash of the Titans
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Introduction to Atomic Structure
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Do Atoms Ever Touch?
Understanding Atoms, elements, and molecules Part #1 (9min)
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Throw open all the doors
There’s a warm wind blowing through
Let the gifts of ages
Pour over you
Let it rise within you now
Let the shine light up your way
Chasing all your doubts and clouds
Far away
Every time it happens
Atoms scatter on the road ahead
So don’t look away, don’t let it stay
To other schemes instead
Don’t wait too long
Can’t you see that summer’s come
And this world that’s lipped it’s crown
It took some saving
There’s a sky of newest blue
Way beyond this burning sun
A clear and perfect view
On and on
Every time it happens
Atoms scatter on the road ahead
So don’t look away, don’t let it stay
To other schemes instead
Don’t wait too long
Can’t you see that summer’s come
And this world that’s lipped it’s crown
It took some saving
So don’t wait too long
Can’t you see that summer’s come
Every time it happens
Atoms scatter on the road ahead
So don’t look away, don’t let it stay
To other schemes instead
Don’t wait too long
Can’t you see that summer’s come
And this world that’s lipped it’s crown
the color of an afternoon just like when you were 5 years old
the moon over the ocean i've seen from a island evening
progression that starts to lose its meaning
if we have spent most of a lifetime dreaming
then dreaming is the state we shall keep
stories of our solitude will sing themselves to sleep
and we will sing to everything the stories of where we have been
the history thats coursing through our veins
no, nothing factual is written on a page
so surely and so steadily
a slowly moving cloud will whisper "i am but for hours born to last"
your sogging soaking future is my foggy fading past
and so now if you want to wish upon me, wish upon me fast
whatever can be held in your heart is surely yours to grasp
so you wish for a picture of all of the people you have had the pleasure to know
or a postcard from all of the places that you ever wanted to go
saying "you are here now on this magical night"
the sun and sky at sunset, well, its such a stunning sight
you can sleep safely and soundly and you are loved
and nothing ever does begin like nothing ever ends
ask every atom in your body and they'll surely tell you
"friend, i am old as time and older still"
and you are made of everything you love, you feel, or kill