In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government, a reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state without the approval of another branch of the government. Unlike a presidential system of government, the head of state is generally constrained by the cabinet or the legislature, and most reserve powers are usable only in certain exceptional circumstances. The reserve powers of the President of Ireland are called discretionary powers.

Heads of state in countries with either an uncodified and partly unwritten constitution (such as the United Kingdom) or a wholly written constitution that consists of a text augmented by additional conventions, traditions, letters patent, etc. (such as Canada or Australia) generally have reserve powers.

Typically these powers are:

There are usually strict constitutional conventions concerning when these powers may be used, and these conventions are enforced by public pressure. Using these powers in contravention of tradition would generally provoke a constitutional crisis.

Jason Bermas was born July 24, 1979 in Hollywood, Florida. He studied at SUNY Oneonta located in Oneonta, NY, where he currently lives. Bermas is also a filmmaker, and has played a large role in the creation of many controversial films such as Fabled Enemies, Loose Change and Invisible Empire.

The Infowarrior

The Alex Jones Show

Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Texas's 14th congressional district, which includes Galveston, since 1997, and a three-time candidate for President of the United States, as a Libertarian in 1988 and as a Republican in 2008 and currently 2012. He is an outspoken critic of American foreign and monetary policies, including the Military–industrial complex and the Federal Reserve, and is known for his libertarian-leaning views, often differing from his own party on certain issues.

A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Paul is a graduate of Gettysburg College and Duke University School of Medicine, where he earned his medical degree. He served as a medical officer in the United States Air Force from 1963 until 1968. He worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist from the 1960s to the 1980s, delivering more than 4,000 babies. He became the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with a child in the Senate when his son Rand Paul was elected to the United States Senate for Kentucky in 2010.

Tom Powers (July 7, 1890 – November 7, 1955) was an American stage and film actor. He was born in Owensboro, Kentucky, USA and died in Hollywood, California, of heart disease.

Powers spent many years as a Broadway star in musical comedies and dramas, and had previously appeared in over 70 silent films from 1911 to 1917 opposite such actors as Florence Turner, Harry T. Morey, Clara Kimball Young, Alma Taylor and John Bunny. He soon devoted himself to the stage, first as a musical comedy star, then as a dynamic actor in such productions as Eugene O'Neill's Strange Interlude (1927), in which he created the role of 'Charles Marsden'. Powers enjoyed a successful career on Broadway as a playwright, actor and director; active there from 1916, until his Hollywood acting return in 1944.

Powers did not become a full-time movie actor until Billy Wilder invited him to play the murder victim in the 1944 film noir classic Double Indemnity. For the next dozen years or so, Powers appeared in over 80 film and television roles, usually playing middle-aged business men, military or police officers.