Suleiman II

Suleiman II (April 15, 1642 – June 22/23 1691) (Ottoman Turkish: سليمان ثانى Süleymān-i sānī) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691.

Early life

The younger brother of Mehmed IV (1648–87), Suleiman II was born at Topkapı Palace in Constantinople and had spent most of his life in the kafes (cage), a kind of luxurious prison for princes of the blood within the Topkapı Palace (it was designed to ensure that none could organize a rebellion).

His mother was a Serb woman originally named Katarina, known as Saliha Dilaşub Sultan.

Reign

Ottoman–Habsburg War

Immediately after assuming the throne, the Ottomans suffered a devastating defeat at the second Battle of Mohács. Unable to rule effectively himself, Suleiman II shrewdly appointed Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha as his Grand Vizier. Even so, when Russia joined an alliance of European powers, the Ottomans suffered the devastating Crimean campaigns.

Under Köprülü's leadership the Ottomans halted an Austrian advance into Serbia and crushed an uprising in Macedonia and Bulgaria until Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha was killed in the Battle of Slankamen by Austrian forces. Suleiman II died at Edirne Palace in 1691.

Suleiman II (Rûm)

Suleiman II, also known as Rukn ad-Din Suleiman Shah (Persian: رکن الدین سلیمان شاه‎‎), was the Seljuk Sultan of Rûm between 1196 and 1204.

Son of Kilij Arslan II, he overthrew his brother, Sultan Kaykhusraw I, who had succeeded their father in 1192 and became sultan in 1196.

He fought neighbouring rulers and expanded the territories of the Sultanate. In 1201 he conquered Erzurum. Successful in the wars with the Byzantines, he was routed by the Georgians in the Battle of Basian of 1203.

He was succeeded by Kilij Arslan III in 1204–1205, after whom Kaykhusraw I ascended the throne for a second time.

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