- published: 23 Dec 2012
- views: 26627
The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Sulfate is the spelling recommended by IUPAC, but sulphate is used in British English. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
The anion consists of a central sulfur atom surrounded by four equivalent oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. The symmetry is the same as that of methane. The sulfur atom is in the +6 oxidation state while the four oxygen atoms are each in the −2 state. The sulfate ion carries a negative two charge and is the conjugate base of the bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate) ion, HSO4−, which is the conjugate base of H
2SO
4, sulfuric acid. Organic sulfate esters, such as dimethyl sulfate, are covalent compounds and esters of sulfuric acid. The tetrahedral molecular geometry of the sulfate ion is as predicted by VSEPR theory.
Copper (II) sulfate, also known as cupric sulfate or copper sulphate, is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4.
This salt exists as a series of compounds that differ in their degree of hydration. The anhydrous form is a pale green or gray-white powder, whereas the pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), the most commonly encountered salt, is bright blue. Copper (II) sulfate exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry and is paramagnetic. Other names for copper(II) sulfate are "blue vitriol" and "bluestone".
Copper sulfate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or its oxides with dilute sulfuric acid. For laboratory use, copper sulfate is usually purchased. Copper sulfate can also be produced by slowly leaching low grade copper ore in air; bacteria may be used to hasten the process.
Commercial copper sulfate is usually about 98% pure copper sulfate, and may contain traces of water. Anhydrous Copper sulfate is 39.81 percent copper and 60.19 percent sulfate by mass, and in its blue, hydrous form, it is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulfate (12.82% sulfur) and 36.06% water by mass. Four types of crystal size are provided based on its usage: large crystals (10-40mm), small crystals (2-10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm), and windswept powder (less than 0.15 mm).
Shampoo (/ʃæmˈpuː/) is a hair care product, typically in the form of a viscous liquid, that is used for cleaning hair. Less commonly, shampoo is available in a bar form (like a soap bar). Shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair, massaging the product into the hair, and then rinsing it out. Some users may follow a shampooing with the use of hair conditioner. The goal of using shampoo is to remove the unwanted build-up in the hair without stripping out so much sebum as to make hair unmanageable. Shampoo is generally made by combining a surfactant, most often sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate, with a co-surfactant, most often cocamidopropyl betaine in water. Specialty shampoos are available for people with dandruff, color-treated hair, gluten or wheat allergies, an interest in using an "all-natural", "organic", "botanical" or "plant-derived" product, and infants and young children ("baby shampoo" is less irritating). There are also shampoos intended for animals that may contain insecticides or other medications for treatment of skin conditions or parasite infestations such as fleas.
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What are Sulfates? I get this question all the time, so it's something that I research a lot. Sulfates are really just harsh detergents put in shampoos that strip our hair of what it really needs. Why are sulfates in our shampoo's and body wash? That's a great question. Perhaps we should be asking these companies that use them. In this video I'll explain what sulfates are defined as, whether or not there are any good ones and how I personally feel about sulfates. The whole purpose of this talk is to educate you a little more on what exactly it is we are doing to ourselves that we don't even realize could be harmful. I hope this video helps explain some of the questions people have about what sulfates really are. Here are both websites I spoke of in the video: http://www.natura...
So a lot of people in my last video said they still really like using shampoo. This video tells why SULFATES SUCK and how to spot sulfates in shampoo. I also give a few sulfate free shampoo suggestions. Necklace:(AccraANGEL) http://tribenumodern.wixsite.com/mysite Instagram:tribenumodern https://www.instagram.com/tribenumodern/ I hope that you enjoy the video and I hope I answered all your questions. Editor Sony vegas Pro 11 Camera Panasonic lumix gh1 No copyright infringement was intended by this video. For business inquires/ review requests email JustLostJC@gmail.com
Hey ya'll today I will help you find out if your shampoo has sulfates. Sulfates are harsh detergents that strip the body and hair of the natural oil our body produces called sebum. Sebum is a precious oil that helps make our hair healthy so if your shampoo has sulfates you are stripping your hair on a constant basis, which will lead to a butt load of frizz! So check your shampoo for sulfates NOW! SULFATES TO AVOID: Basically any word that ends in the word sulfate - sodium laureth sulfate - sodium lauryl sulfate - sodium coco sulfate - ammonium lauryl sulfate - ammonium laureth sulfate SULFATE FREE SHAMPOOS: - Yes To Carrots - Loreal Sulfate Free Line - Shea Moisture - Burts Bees - Essence COMMENT, LIKE AND SUB! I hope this video helped you! fb: http://goo.gl/ByOTTC ig: http://goo.gl/...
Copper Sulfate and Ammonia at high speed - watch the colour change and precipitation. More chemistry in slow motion: http://bit.ly/chemslomo Featuring Professor Martyn Poliakoff from the University of Nottingham. More chemistry at http://www.periodicvideos.com/ Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/chemistry/index.aspx Featuring Professor Martyn Poliakoff. Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharan.com/ A run-down of Brady's channels: http://bit.ly/bradychannels Special thanks to Destin from Smarter Every Day for helping us out: http://www.youtube.com/smartereveryday
Copper Sulfate is one of the easiest and beautiful crystal which we can grow. DIY Crystal at Home (1) Alum https://youtu.be/-DUDhkw3AF4 More videos about crystal growing will be uploaded soon Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DIYbama-368512726671270/
The Modamob team shares with you their personal reviews on sulfate free and color safe shampoo. Like Us on Facebook!: http://facebook.com/modamob Follow Us on Twitter!: http://twitter.com/modamob Check Us Out on Instagram: http://instagram.com/modamob Pin Us on Pinterest!: http://pinterest.com/modamob
Here are some of my favorite shampoos and conditioners! I also researched the use of sulfates and parabens in shampoos and I tried to explain that to you!! Hope you guys find this helpful.. I love you!! ............................................................................................................ M Y L I N K S:: ♔ INSTAGRAM: http://instagram.com/theofficialjam ☁ SNAPCHAT: theofficialjam ❀ TWITTER: http://twitter.com/#!/TheOfficialJAM ➳ VINE: Jordan Anne ▲FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/JordanAnneTh... ♫ SOUNDCLOUD: https://soundcloud.com/you/likes ♫ SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/user/1220717468 ♥ Subscribe to my Vlog Channel:: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzdX... ...................................................................................................
We make copper sulfate from copper and sulfuric acid using two chemical methods and one electrochemical method. Copper does not directly react with sulfuric acid so some form of oxidant is needed. Hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid are excellent oxidants and the first two methods demonstrate this. The nitric acid method however produces toxic nitrogen dioxide gas so you'll need to perform this one outside or in a fumehood. Because both chemical methods are rather expensive. A very cheap electrochemical method can be performed by running a current through two copper electrodes immersed in sulfuric acid. The copper is converted to copper ions at the positive electrode and hydrogen gas is formed at the negative electrode. However if the electrodes are placed side by side then the copper ion...
CLICK TO SEE PART 2 for how I style my hair: http://youtu.be/TcynIbQi7ZY List of ingredients to avoid, pictures, product links, discount codes & more on my blog: http://www.getglammedup.com/2012/07/video-my-sulfate-free-hair-routine-how.html References & More Curly Hair Info: http://livecurlylivefree.com/product%20ingredients.htm http://killerstrands.blogspot.com/2008/01/sulfate-free-shampoo-list.html http://www.naturallycurly.com http://www.youtube.com/beautysavvy My old curly hair routine: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Junl7oZOqbc My hair tutorials: http://www.getglammedup.com/search/label/hair%20tutorial LIKE MY FACEBOOK PAGE! http://www.facebook.com/GlamMeUp8 ♥ Check out my latest videos ♥ -Swap with SpeakNoww17 Unboxing: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXacE-oMLgE&feature;=g-upl -S...
Why Sulfate Free Shampoo is Important for Hair Growth by Morrocco Method Using a non-foaming (sls free) shampoo is important for healthy hair growth. Let Anthony and Ellen explain the history of SLS and the current dangers it poses. Check out our blog article to "Say No to Foam!: Harmful Chemicals in Your Shampoo" http://www.morroccomethod.com/blog/say-no-to-foam-sodium-lauryl-sulfate Check out our All Natural Shampoos: https://www.morroccomethod.com/shampoos Music: Morocco Sting - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ © 2015 Morrocco Method In'tl
People want that slow food
Two minutes and they grouch
But give me ham baked all day long
And help me to the couch
Help me to the sofa
Put the quiet music on
I will lie and think about that ham
Long after it is gone.
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I don't want no food with cute names
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A man can't live on advertising slogans
And conceptual design
Let somebody else go surf and turf
Someone else go carry out
Me, I want my food to know itself
Before it knows my mouth.
I want some slo-o-o-o-ow food
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Why don't we start it in the mornin'
Leave us plenty of time for lovin'
Weekend homemade hot fresh bread
Make the whole house smell like an oven
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Cook in the good juices and the greases
Then we'll sit down at the table, baby
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I want some slo-o-o-o-ow food
What's the big rush?..../Don't want no hard-hearted
Hardee's, no
Muck-muck-muck-muck-donald's....I want a chef, not a
clown, to make my
Food.../it can even be tofu with the right kinda
sauce..../blahblahblah-
I want some slo-o-o-o-ow food