Safavid Dynasty

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The Safavid Dynasty (In Our Time, 12/1/12)

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Duration: 41:42
Updated: 02 Oct 2014

*** Discussion on the the Safavid Dynasty, rulers of the Persian empire between the 16th and 18th centuries.In 1501 Shah Ismail, a boy of fifteen, declared himself ruler of Azerbaijan. Within a year he had expanded his territory to include most of Persia, and founded a ruling dynasty which was to last for more than two hundred years. At the peak of their success the Safavids ruled over a vast territory which included all of modern-day Iran. They converted their subjects to Shi'a Islam, and so created the religious identity of modern Iran - although they were also often ruthless in their suppression of Sunni practices. They thrived on international trade, and their capital Isfahan, rebuilt by the visionary Shah Abbas, became one of the most magnificent cities in the world. Under Safavid rule Persia became a cultural centre, producing many great artists and thinkers. *** Guests: Robert Gleave Emma Loosley Andrew Newman ================================================== The Islamic Golden Age, Islamic Golden Age, Islamic Civilization, Islamic Civilisation, Muslim Civilization, Muslim Civilisation, Islamic History, Muslim History, Arab Civilization, Arab Civilisation, Culture, Philosophy, Politics, History, Science, Achievements, Golden Age, Great Age, Muhammad, Prophet Muhammad, Muslims in History, Falsafa, Kallam, Islamic Art, Islamic Architecture, Muslim Religion, Islamic Religion, Muslim Thinkers, Ummayad, Abbasid, Fatimids, Muslim Dynasty, Mamluks, Ottomans, Muslim Empires, Islamic Empire, Arabia, Introduction, Series, Muslim Sects, Sunni, Shi'i, Shi'a, Sunnism, Ali, Kerbala, Karabala, Husain, Husayn, Fatima, Prophet, Shah Abbas, Safavids, Safavid Dynasty, Ismail, Persian, Isfahan, Jameh Mosque, Shah Mosque, Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Lotfollah Mosque, Masjed-e Imam,

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The Safavid Dynasty (In Our Time, 12/1/12)

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Duration: 62:31
Updated: 17 Apr 2015

The Safavid Dynasty (In Our Time, 12/1/12) Discussion on the the Safavid Dynasty, rulers of the Persian empire between the 16th and 18th centuries.In 1501 Shah Ismail, a boy of fifteen, declared himself ruler of Azerbaijan. Within. Discussion of the siege of Constantinople in 1453. When Sultan Mehmet the Second rode into the city of Constantinople on a white horse in 1453, it marked the end of a thousand years of. All rights and credit go to the British Broadcasting Corporation. Welcome guys to my Let`s Play of Civilization 5 : Brave New World in which we play on King Difficulty(Sorry not good enough for Deity). I am very nooby at the game and I have in general not.

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What Is The Safavid Dynasty?

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Duration: 2:10
Updated: 26 Aug 2014
author: OttomanHarem

The Safavid dynasty (Persian: سلسلهٔ صفويان‎; Azerbaijani: Səfəvilər, صفویلر) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia (modern Iran), and "...

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Safavid Empire - Turkish Rivals To The Ottoman Empire

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Duration: 84:00
Updated: 05 Sep 2014
author: MagnificentCentury

The Safavid dynasty (Persian: سلسلهٔ صفويان‎; Azerbaijani: Səfəvilər, صفویلر) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia (modern Iran), and i...

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The Political History of the Safavid Empire

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Duration: 3:41
Updated: 08 Aug 2014
author: FadedEidolon

A brief decription of the political history of the Islamic Safavid Empire. This was made as a school project for World History AP.

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Shia Safavid Empire of Iran & Christian Europe.

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Duration: 9:21
Updated: 28 Aug 2014
author: Dash Ali

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Safavid dynasty

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Duration: 8:33
Updated: 06 Sep 2015

Safavid dynasty Safavid dynasty =======Image-Info======= Image is in public domain Author-Info: Safavid_Flag.png: Orange Tuesday (talk) Original uploader was Orange Tuesday at en.wikipedia derivative work: Himasaram (talk) Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Safavid_Flag.svg =======Image-Info======== ☆Video is targeted to blind users

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Safavid dynasty

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Duration: 3:49
Updated: 13 Jul 2013
author: El Cid Al-Moussawi

safavids Destiny.

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Safavid Empire

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Duration: 12:01
Updated: 09 Aug 2014
author: Richard Gallagher

Safavid Empire - Cameron, Teddy, Rich.

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BBC Documentary: The Destruction to Islam By Safavid Dynasty

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Duration: 41:41
Updated: 17 Apr 2015

BBC Documentary: The Destruction to Islam By Safavid Dynasty

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The Safavid dynasty? الصفويون

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Duration: 5:27
Updated: 08 Apr 2015

الصفويون هم آل صفويان: سلالة من الشاهات حكمت في بلاد فارس (إيران) سنوات 1501-1785 م المقر:تبريز: حتى 1548 م، قزوين: 1548-1598 م، أصفهان: منذ 1598 م.

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Safavid Empire (Persia) National Anthem: Ey Iran

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Duration: 2:47
Updated: 02 Dec 2014

The Unofficial Anthem of Persia

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Shah Ismail of Safavid empire [History of Azerbaijan]

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Duration: 2:09
Updated: 23 Jun 2014
author: TheAzerbaijanHistory

The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the "Safawiyyah" which was established in the city of Ardabil in Azerbaijan. In 1501, 15 year old Shah Ismail proclaime...

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Safevi Devleti / Safavid Dynasty

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Duration: 2:19
Updated: 16 Feb 2015

Safavid Turkic Empire

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Ardabil, Historic City of South Azerbaijan (Capital of Safavid dynasty) Ərdəbil * اردبیل

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Duration: 10:56
Updated: 12 Mar 2014
author: İnsan Haqları

Səfəvilərin yadigarı Ərdəbil... Bir orta əsrlər yadigarıdır bu şəhər. Avtomobillər, internet-kafelər, adamların əlində mobil telefonlar olmasaydı, siz özünüz...

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Safavid Empire Maps (Azerbajan)

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Duration: 0:51
Updated: 03 Jul 2014
author: Ismail Shah

Maps of Safavid Empire of Azerbaijan.

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The Mughal Empire and Historical Reputation: Crash Course World History #218

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Duration: 11:44
Updated: 21 Nov 2014

There's a new Crash Course poster with all your favorite World History characters! Czech it: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-characters-poster In which John Green teaches you about the Mughal Empire, which ruled large swaths of the Indian Sub-Continent from 1526 to (technically) 1857. While John teaches you about this long-lived Muslim empire, he'll also look at the idea of historical reputation and how we view people from history. Namely, he'll look at the reputations of Mughal emperors Akbar I and Aurangzeb. Traditionally, Akbar I is considered the emperor that made the Mughal Empire great, and Aurangzeb gets the blame for running the whole thing into the ground and setting it up for decline. Is that really how it was, though? It turns out, it's complicated. You can directly support Crash Course at http://www.subbable.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

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The Ancestors Of The Safavid Dynasty.

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Duration: 2:11
Updated: 07 Jul 2014
author: OttomanHarem

The Safavid Kings themselves claimed to be Seyyeds, family descendants of the prophet Muhammad, although many scholars have cast doubt on this claim. There s...

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All About - Safavid dynasty

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Duration: 3:01
Updated: 07 Dec 2014

What is Safavid dynasty? A report all about Safavid dynasty for homework/assignment The Safavid dynasty was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia (modern Iran), and "is often considered the beginning of modern Persian history". They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires after the Muslim conquest of Persia and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history. The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and, at their height, they controlled all of modern Iran, Azerbaijan, Bahrain and Armenia, most of Georgia, the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Safavid Iran was one of the Islamic "gunpowder empires", along with its neighbours, its arch rival the Ottoman Empire, and Mughal Empire. Intro/Outro music: Discovery Hit/Chucky the Construction Worker - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under CC-BY-3.0 Text derived from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_dynasty Text to Speech powered by voice-rss.com Images are Public Domain or CC-BY-3.0: Map_Safavid_persia.png from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid_War_(1623%E2%80%9339) Safavid_Dynasty,_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_(Book_of_Omens),_circa_1550_AD.jpg from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Safavid_Dynasty,_Joseph_Enthroned_from_a_Falnama_(Book_of_Omens),_circa_1550_AD.jpg Safavid_Dynasty,_Horse_and_Groom,_by_Haydar_Ali,_early_16th_century.jpg from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Safavid_Dynasty,_Horse_and_Groom,_by_Haydar_Ali,_early_16th_century.jpg 2000px-Safavid_map_ak.svg.png from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Iraqi_Kurdistan 450px-Safavid_Flag.svg.png from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Safavid_Flag.svg

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Lesson 2-1.19: The Safavid Empire

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Duration: 7:25
Updated: 18 Dec 2014

Recorded with ScreenCastify (http://www.screencastify.com), the screen video recorder for Chrome

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Empire total War:Safavid Ottoman war

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Duration: 9:45
Updated: 07 Jun 2012

The Ottoman--Safavid War was a war between Safavid Persia under Abbas I of Persia and the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Ahmed I. It began in 1603 and ended with Safavid victory in 1618. Game:Empire Total War Safavid units pack:http://www.twcenter.net/forums/showthread.php?t=300198 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz (8 CPUs), ~3.4GHz Graphics Card: NVIDIA GeForce GT 545

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The History of Safavid Dynasty Part 1 From Safi al din to captive life of Shah Ismael

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Duration: 16:46
Updated: 26 Apr 2013

The Safavid dynasty (Persian: سلسلهٔ صفويان‎; Azerbaijani: Səfəvilər imperiyası, صفویلر) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires after the Muslim conquest of Persia[18][19][20][21] and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam[22] as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history. The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and at their height, they controlled all of modern Iran, Azerbaijan and Armenia, most of Iraq, Georgia, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus, as well as parts of Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Turkey. Safavid Iran was one of the Islamic "gunpowder empires", along with its neighbours, the Ottoman and Mughal empires. The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safaviyya Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan region. It was of mixed ancestry (Azerbaijani,[23] Kurdish[24] Persian[25][26] and Turkmen,[27] which included intermarriages with Georgian[28] and Pontic Greek[29] dignitaries). From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over all of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region,[30] thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sassanid Empire to establish a unified Iranian state.[31] Despite their demise in 1736, the legacy that they left behind was the revival of Persia as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy based upon "checks and balances", their architectural innovations and their patronage for fine arts. The Safavids have also left their mark down to the present era by spreading Shi'a Islam in Iran, as well as major parts of the Caucasus, South Asia, Central Asia, and Anatolia.

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The History of Safavid Dynasty Part 3 Shah Ismael,Tahmasp and Abbas

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Duration: 18:22
Updated: 20 Jul 2014
author: Islam History

The Safavid dynasty (Persian: سلسلهٔ صفويان‎; Azerbaijani: Səfəvilər imperiyası, صفویلر) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled...

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Sufi building becomes world heritage site

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Duration: 4:56
Updated: 30 Jul 2015

SHOTLIST AP Television is adhering to Iranian law that stipulates all media are banned from providing BBC Persian or VOA Persian any coverage from Iran, and under this law if any media violate this ban the Iranian authorities can immediately shut down that organisation in Tehran. NO ACCESS BBC PERSIAN TV SERVICE / NO ACCESS VOA PERSIAN TV Ardabil, 18 October, 2010 1. Mid of 400-year old exterior windows decorated with exquisite ornamentation 2. Zoom-in to major dome of Sheikh Safi complex, where the spiritual founding father of Safavid dynasty is buried 3. Tilt-down from tile works and sacred exquisite ornamentation of Sheikh Safi complex shot through a fisheye lens 4. PAN of the exquisite tile work laid on the exterior walls of the ensemble 5. Reverse shot of tourist taking pictures 6. Wide pan of tourists visiting the complex 7. SOUNDBITE (English) Toni Vives, Travel Agency Manager in Spain: "I read last August that this monument became world heritage monument. I am interested because my customers, I am owner and manager of a travel agency in Barcelona in Spain. And my customers normally visit Isfahan, Shiraz, Yazd, Kerman but never in the north of Iran and I came here (to see) if it is really interesting to my customers." 8. Tilt-up from interior decorations of the complex 9. Tracking shot of the seven stage route leading to Sheikh Safi shrine 10. PAN (right to left) of the interior ornamentation of the ensemble 11. Tilt-up of the interior main hall of the ensemble adjacent to the tombs of Sheikh Safi and founder of Safavid Dynasty, Shah Esmail the great 12. Close-up of interior decorations of the main hall of the ensemble 13. SOUNDBITE (Azeri Turkish) Sarai Shahchi, Azerbaijani tourist: "We have come from Baku (capital of Azerbaijan). It was our dream to come and visit the shrine of Sheikh Safi and the tomb of the founder of Safavid dynasty, Shah Esmail. We were very impressed and remembered our history and past glory. It was reminiscent of great power of Safavids which was founded by Shah Esmail." 14. Mid of visitors paying homage to the tomb of Sheikh Safi, spiritual founding father of Safavid dynasty 15. Mid of female pilgrims praying next to the tomb of Sheikh Safi 16. PAN from pilgrims and visitors to the tomb of Sheikh Safi 17. PAN from the sacred artwork on the tomb of Shah Esmail the great, founder of Safivd dynasty 18. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Masoomeh Abdolrashidi, Sheikh Safi Complex Guide: "Every visitor who enters this place encounters several type of architecture ranging from Ilkhanid architecture during which the first construction of the monument occurred till the Safavid era architecture which reaches its height after the burial of Shah Esmail, the founder of Safavid dynasty in this place. In fact , Safavid era architecture begins with this monument." 19. Wide of visitors inside the main hall of the ensemble 20. Reverse shot of visitors listening to guide of the site 21. Close-up of porcelain donated to the complex in 16th century 22. Mid of a visitor looking at porcelains donated to the complex between 14th to 18th centuries 23. High angle of various porcelains exhibited in the main hall of ensemble 24. Exterior of Artifacts, Tourism and National Heritage Department of Ardabil Province 25. Set-up of Behrooz Nedai, Director General of National Heritage Department of Ardabil Province ++VIDEO AS INCOMING++ 26. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Behrooz Nedai, Director General of National Heritage Department of Ardabil Province: 29. Close-up of a picture of Sheikh Safi complex on computer screen 30. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Behrooz Nedai, Director General of National Heritage Department of Ardabil Province: 33. Mid of bakery site of the complex LEAD IN : STORYLINE: You can license this story through AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/babb9e3f50649fd84825f2893664ab75 Find out more about AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/HowWeWork

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Isfahan (city) Wikipedia travel guide video. Created by http://stupeflix.com

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Duration: 0:55
Updated: 25 Mar 2010

Create your own video on http://studio.stupeflix.com/?w=1 ! Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Isfahan. Chehel Sotoon is a famous tourist attraction. A Persian Rug depicting an old scene from the turquoise blue mosque of Isfahan. The entrance to Shah Mosque or Shah Jame' Mosque in Isfahan. This mosque is the most glorious sign of flourishing architecture during the Safavid dynasty. View of Ali Qapu Palace. Interior view of the dome, Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque. The entrance to Jamé mosque. Khaju Bridge over Zayandeh rud River. An old master of hand-printed carpets in Isfahan bazaar.

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Documentary: The Beautiful And Historic City of Isfahan / Esfāhān, Iran

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Duration: 50:56
Updated: 06 Sep 2014
author: IAmCow GodMoo

Young American Girl explores the Beautiful and Historic city of Isfahan/Esfāhān, Iran (More Info Below) For those of us who love to travel, perhaps Isfahan i...

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Isfahan, Iran by Asiatravel.com

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Duration: 2:51
Updated: 10 Nov 2009

Asiatravel.com offers over 500,000 Hotels, Flights, Travel Packages, Tours & Attractions up to 75% discount. All with last minute availability & instant confirmation plus up to 5% cash rebate exclusively for our customers. For more information visit http://www.asiatravel.com Isfahan or Esfahan (Persian: اصفهان Esfahān, Old Persian: Aspadāna, Middle Persian: Spahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan or Hispahan, is located about 340 km south of Tehran and is the capital of Isfahan Province and Iran's third largest city (after Tehran and Mashhad). Isfahan city had a population of 1,583,609 and the Isfahan metropolitan area had a population of 3,430,353 in the 2006 Census, the second most populous metropolitan area in Iran after Tehran.[2] The cities of Najafabad, Khaneh Esfahan, Khomeini-shahr, Shahin-shahr, Zarrinshahr, Mobarakeh, Falavarjan and Fouladshahr all constitute the metropolitan city of Isfahan. Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran, and was once one of the largest cities in the world. It flourished from 1050 to 1722, particularly in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty, when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history. Even today, the city retains much of its past glory. It is famous for its Islamic architecture, with many beautiful boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, mosques, and minarets. This led to the Persian proverb "'Esfahān nesf-e jahān ast" (Isfahan is half of the world).[3] The Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan is one of the biggest city squares in the world and an outstanding example of Iranian and Islamic architecture. It has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The city also has a wide variety of historic monuments ranging from the Sassanid to the Safavid dynasties.[citation needed] Remaining Islamic architectural sites were built from 11th to the 19th century, while older, pre-Islamic monuments date back to 1000 B.C. Info Taken from Wikipedia.com Credits to Wikipedia.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan Main

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Golestan Palace, Tehran, Iran.

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Duration: 5:57
Updated: 30 Apr 2014
author: ECOVITTA

The oldest of the historic monuments in Tehran, the Golestan Palace (also Gulistan Palace) (The Rose Garden Palace) belongs to a group of royal buildings tha...

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Decline And Fal Of The Safavid Empire

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Duration: 4:37
Updated: 08 Apr 2015

In addition to fighting its perennial enemies, their arch rival the Ottomans and the Uzbeks as the 17th century progressed, Iran had to contend with the rise of new neighbors. Russian Muscovy in the previous century had deposed two western Asian khanates of the Golden Horde and expanded its influence into Europe, the Caucasus Mountains and Central Asia. In the far eastern territories, the Mughals of India had expanded into Khorasan (now Afghanistan) at the expense of Iranian control, briefly taking Qandahar. More importantly, the Dutch East India company and later English/British used their superior means of maritime violence to control trade routes in the western Indian ocean. As a result, Iran was cut off from overseas links to East Africa, the Arabian peninsula, and South Asia. But overland trade between Iran and South Asia grew. Many Indian merchants established a permanent presence in Iran and moved into Russia from the mid-seventeenth century. Iran was also able to further develop its overland trade with North and Central Europe during the second half of the seventeenth century. In the late seventeenth century, Iranian merchants established a permanent presence as far north as Narva on the Baltic sea, in what now is Estonia. The Dutch and English were still able to drain the Iranian government of much of its precious metal supplies. Except for Shah Abbas II, the Safavid rulers after Abbas I were therefore rendered ineffectual, and the Iranian government declined and finally collapsed when a serious military threat emerged on its eastern border in the early eighteenth century. The end of the reign of Abbas II, 1666, thus marked the beginning of the end of the Safavid dynasty. Despite falling revenues and military threats, later shahs had lavish lifestyles. Sultan Husayn (1694–1722) in particular was known for his love of wine and disinterest in governance. The country was repeatedly raided on its frontiers—Kerman by Baloch tribes in 1698, Khorasan by the Hotakis in 1717, constantly in Mesopotamia by peninsula Arabs. Sultan Hosein tried to forcibly convert his Afghan subjects in Qandahar from Sunni to the Shi'a sect of Islam. In response, a Ghilzai Afghan chieftain named Mir Wais Hotak revolted and killed Gurgin Khan, the Safavid governor of the region, along with his army. In 1722, an Afghan army led by Mir Wais' son Mahmud advanced on the heart of the empire and defeated the government forces at the Battle of Gulnabad. He then besieged the capital of Isfahan, until Shah Sultan Husayn abdicated and acknowledged him as the new king of Persia. The tribal Afghans rode roughshod over their conquered territory for seven years but were prevented from making further gains by Nader Shah, a former slave who had risen to military leadership within the Afshar tribe in Khorasan, a vassal state of the Safavids. Quickly making name as a military genius both feared and respected amongst its friends and enemies (including Persia's arch rival the Ottoman Empire, and Russia; both empires Nader would deal with soon afterwards), Nader Shah easily defeated the Ghilzai Hotaki forces in the 1729 Battle of Damghan. He had removed them from power and banished them out of Persia, and in 1738 conquered their last stronghold in Qandahar; in the same year, in need of fortune to aid his military careers against his Ottoman and Russian imperial rivals, he started his invasion of the wealthy but weak Mughal Empire, occupying Ghazni, Kabul, Lahore, and as far as Delhi, in India, when he completely humiliated and looted the military inferior Mughals. These cities were later inherited by his Abdali Afghan military commander, Ahmad Shah Durrani. Nadir had effective control under Shah Tahmasp II and then ruled as regent of the infant Abbas III until 1736 when he had himself crowned shah. Immediately after Nadir Shah's assassination in 1747, the Safavids were re-appointed as shahs of Iran in order to lend legitimacy to the nascent Zand dynasty. However the brief puppet regime of Ismail III ended in 1760 when Karim Khan felt strong enough to take nominal power of the country as well and officially end the Safavid dynasty.

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Imam Mosque

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Duration: 1:32
Updated: 18 Oct 2010
author: Hanif Kashani

Short video of the inside of the Imam Mosque in Isfahan. It was built in the 1600's under ths Safavid dynasty. It is regarded as a masterpiece in Persian arc...

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Kerman Oasis City Part 2, Iran by Asiatravel.com

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Duration: 2:21
Updated: 14 Mar 2014
author: AsiaTravelTV

Asiatravel.com offers over 500000 Hotels, Flights, Travel Packages, Tours & Attractions up to 75% discount. All with last minute availability & instant conf...

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Iran travel

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Duration: 1:45
Updated: 29 Mar 2015

Iran, also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; with Kazakhstan and Russia across the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the second-largest nation in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world; with 78.4 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th most populous nation. It is the only country that has both a Caspian Sea and Indian Ocean coastline. Iran has been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia and the Strait of Hormuz. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdom in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the country into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the Achaemenid Empire (First Persian Empire) founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the Balkans (Bulgaria-Pannonia) and Thrace-Macedonia in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great. The area eventually regained influence under the Parthian Empire and rose to prominence once more after the establishment of the Sasanian dynasty (Neo-Persian empire) in 224 AD, under which Iran again became one of the leading powers in the world along with the Byzantine Empire for the next four centuries. Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism were largely replaced after Rashidun Muslims invaded Persia in 633 AD, and conquered it by 651 AD. Iran thereafter played a vital role in the subsequent Islamic Golden Age, producing numerous influential scientists, scholars, artists, and thinkers. The emergence in 1501 of the Safavid dynasty, which promoted the Twelver school of thought as the official religion, marked one of the most important turning points in Iranian and Muslim history. It also culminated into tensions, which in 1514 led to the Battle of Chaldiran. Starting in 1736 under Nader Shah, Iran would once again reach high prominence, reaching its greatest territorial extent since the Sassanid Empire, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire in the world. The Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1906 established the nation's first parliament, which operated within a constitutional monarchy. Following a coup d'état instigated by the UK and the US in 1953, Iran gradually became autocratic. Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression culminated in the Iranian Revolution, which led to the establishment of an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979. Tehran is the capital and largest city, serving as the cultural, commercial, and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the 4th-largest proven oil reserves.It hosts Asia's 4th-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Iran is a founding member of the UN, NAM, OIC and OPEC. Its unique political system, based on the 1979 constitution, combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a religious theocracy run by the country's clergy, wherein the Supreme Leader wields significant influence. A multicultural nation comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, most inhabitants are Shi'ites, the Iranian rial is its currency, and Persian is the official language. Source: Wikipedia

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Kingdom of Bahrain | Manama

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Duration: 3:37
Updated: 21 Aug 2015

• My trip to Bahrain , all videos & photos taken by me • Give The Video A Thumbs Up! • Subscribe • http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=rbittar2006 Bahrain ( البحرين‎ ), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: مملكة البحرين‎ About this sound Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn), is a small island country situated near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is an archipelago with Bahrain Island, the largest land mass, at 55 km (34 mi) long by 18 km (11 mi) wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway while Iran lies 200 km (124 mi) to the north across the Persian Gulf. The peninsula of Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain. The population in 2010 stood at 1,234,571, including 666,172 non-nationals.[7] Bahrain is the site of the ancient land of the Dilmun civilisation.[8] Bahrain was one of the earliest areas to convert to Islam in 628 AD. Following a period of Arab rule, Bahrain was occupied by the Portuguese in 1521, who in turn were expelled in 1602 by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty under the Persian Empire. In 1783, the Bani Utbah clan captured Bahrain from Nasr Al-Madhkur and has since been ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family, with Ahmed al Fateh as Bahrain's first hakim. In the late 1800s, following successive treaties with the British, Bahrain became a protectorate of the United Kingdom. In 1971, Bahrain declared independence. Formerly a state, Bahrain was declared a Kingdom in 2002. Since early 2011, the country has experienced sustained protests and unrest inspired by the regional Arab Spring, particularly by the majority Shia population.[9] Bahrain has the first post-oil economy in the Persian Gulf.[10] Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has invested in the banking and tourism sectors.[11] The country's capital, Manama, is home to many large financial structures. Bahrain has a high Human Development Index (ranked 48th in the world) and was recognised by the World Bank as a high income economy. Wikipedia

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Beautiful, 5 Amazing Places in Iran

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Duration: 2:31
Updated: 11 Nov 2014

Beautiful, 5 Amazing Places in Iran. It might not be on everyone's travel radar, but Iran has a well-worn tourist circuit, encompassing attractions in the ancient cities of Shiraz and Isfahan. For those wanting to get off the beaten path, the country has a wealth of lesser-known destinations that rival the stunning beauty and historical significance of their more famous counterparts. Here are five of the best: beautiful places in iran, best places in iran, best places to travel in iran, best places in dubai, best places in the world, best places to travel around the world, best places to visit in the world, beautiful place in the word, travel, Rudkhan Castle Hidden in the humid green forests of Iran's northern Gilan province is Rudkhan Castle, a medieval military fortress whose origins predate the rise of Islam in Iran. Few foreign tourists have visited the site, which is a popular attraction among Iranians. Work started on the castle during the Persian Sassanid era, between A.D. 224 and 651. Followers of the Ismaili sect (the infamous "Assassins" or "Hashashin") are believed to have renovated and completed the fortress during the late 11th to 12th centuries. Bekhradi Historical House This 400-year-old inn built in Persia's Safavid era features four tastefully decorated multiroomed guest suites and is the oldest house to be restored in Iran. Its renovation and artistic restoration took local interior designer and restoration specialist Morteza Bekhradi five years to engineer and complete. Peppered with stained-glass windows and original artwork from the Safavid and subsequent Qajar eras, the house sits between two gardens replete with fruits and wildflowers. Soltaniyeh Dome A UNESCO World Heritage site in the northwestern province of Zanjan, the mausoleum of Oljaytu at Soltaniyeh is topped by one of the world's largest domes. Built between 1302 and 1312 in Soltaniyeh, the capital city of the Mongols' Ilkhanid Dynasty, the monument is a mausoleum for Il-khan Oljeitu, the Ilkhanid's eighth ruler. Though much of the structure's exterior coloring and tiles have faded through the centuries, the intricate brickwork, tilework and vibrant designs inside the mausoleum have remained largely unscathed. Laleh Kandovan Rocky Hotel About 30 miles outside the northwestern city of Tabriz lies the troglodyte village of Kandovan. People here live in cone-shaped caves cut out of volcanic rock at the foot of Mount Sahand, a dormant volcano. Nestled within the 800-year-old village, the Laleh Kandovan Rocky Hotel has been literally hand-carved into the rocky landscape, with each of the luxury hotel's 16 modernized rooms encompassing a cave, or "karaan." Toghrol Tower Toghrol Tower is a Seljuk-era monument situated in the city of Rey, on the southern outskirts of Iran's capital city, Tehran. Often overlooked by visitors who tend to stick to the higher-income northern and central areas of the Iranian capital, Rey is the oldest county in Tehran province and is speckled with historical monuments, including a 500-year-old Safavid-era bazaar. The tower is said to serve as the mausoleum for Seljuk king Toghrol Beg, who established Rey as a major administrative center of the Seljuk Dynasty until its destruction by Mongol armies in the early 13th century. beautiful places in iran, best places in iran, best places to travel in iran, best places in dubai, best places in the world, best places to travel around the world, best places to visit in the world, beautiful place in the word, travel, Beautiful, 5 Amazing Places in Iran. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxX9RQPvTEc

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Top Cities & Famous Landmarks of Iran

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Duration: 0:56
Updated: 07 Oct 2013

Thanks for watching............ 1) Isfahan 2) Kermanshah 3) Mashhad 4) Nir 5) Persepolis 6) Qom 7) Shah Mosque 8) Shiraz 9) Tehran 10) The Naderi Throne 11) The Noor-ol-Ain Tiara 12) The Pahlavi Crown 13) Zabol Iran (Listeni/ɪˈrɑːn/[10] or /aɪˈræn/;[11] Persian: ایران‎ [ʔiːˈɾɒn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/),[11][12] and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran since 1980, is a country in Western Asia.[13][14][15] It is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, with Kazakhstan and Russia across the Caspian Sea; on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; on the west by Iraq; and on the northwest by Turkey. With a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran is the 18th-largest country in the world, and a population of over 77 million people makes it the world's 17th-most populous nation.[13][16] Iran is a mountainous nation of geopolitical significance, as it is located at the crossroads of Central Asia, Western Asia, and South Asia. Tehran is Iran's capital and largest city, and also serves as the country's cultural, commercial, and industrial center. The nation is a major regional power,[17][18] and, due to its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas, exerts significant influence in international energy security and the world economy—the largest proven natural gas reserves in the world,[19] as well as the fourth-largest proven petroleum reserves, are located in Iran.[20] Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,[21] with its first dynasty having formed during the Elamite kingdom in 2800BCE. The Iranian Medes unified Iran into an empire in 625 BCE.[2] Cyrus the Great founded the first Achaemenid Empire (550--330 BC), which at its greatest extent around 500 BCE ruled over significant portions of the ancient world, stretching from the Indus Valley in the east, to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen.[22] In 633 AD, Muslim armies invaded Iran, and had conquered the region by 651 AD.[23] The emergence in 1501 of the Safavid dynasty,[4] which promoted Twelver Shia Islam[24] as the official religion of their empire, marked one of the most important turning points in Iranian and Muslim history.[25] The Persian Constitutional Revolution established the nation's first parliament in 1906, within a constitutional monarchy. Following a coup d'état instigated by the UK and the US in 1953, Iran gradually became a more autocratic country. Growing dissent against foreign influence and authoritarianism culminated in the Iranian Revolution, which led to the establishment of an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979.[16][26] Iran is a founding member of the UN, NAM, OIC and OPEC. Its unique political system, based on the 1979 constitution, combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a religious theocracy run by the country's clergy. The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader. An ethnically and linguistically diverse nation, Shia Islam is the official religion and Persian is the official language. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran

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Beautifull Mosque in Isfahan(Iran)

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Duration: 1:28
Updated: 26 Mar 2014
author: kyzeist

"Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran, and was once one of the largest cities in the world. It flourished from 1050 ...

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Copper engravers known for their skillful artisanship

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Duration: 4:46
Updated: 21 Jul 2015

SHOTLIST Isfahan - 17 June 2008 1. Wide of copper stalls and merchants at the bazaar in Isfahan 2. Close-up of man hammering copper pot 3. Wide of man hammering a copper pot 4. Close-up of flame heating up copper pot for welding 5. Wide of man welding copper pots 6. Interior of man's copperware store and workplace 7. Various of copper engraver hammering 8. Close-up of flame from gas torch melting tar 9. Various of engraver melting tar with gas torch 10. Close-up of hand laying out sheet of copper over melted tar 11. Man engraving shapes onto the copper sheet laid over cold tar 12. Close-up of hand engraving shapes on copper with tools 13. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Seyd Ahmad Ahmadi, Copper engraver: "First we melt tar and then, lay out metals such as copper and brass over the tar. We let the tar cool and outline the sketch we are going to engrave by making small holes around the sketch. Then we start engraving the sketch onto copper sheet. It is carried out by making notches around the outline using engraving chisel." 14. Close-up of hand hitting engraving chisel on copper 15. Close-up of Seyd Ahmad Ahmadi's face hammering 16. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Seyd Ahmad Ahmadi, Copper engraver: "It is a traditional art of Isfahan and similar arts like engraving are favoured by Isfahani people. In recent years, women have found this art more interesting than men. As I said before, Isfahani people are art lovers and this kind of engraving is one of their favourites." 17. Copper engravers working 18. Zoom out of an engraved floral pattern on copper tray 19. Close-up of woman's face hammering copper 20. Tilt-up of woman's hand hammering the copper-engraving chisel 21. Pan from copper engraved trays to woman working 22. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Sara Salehipour, Copper engraver: "By copper engraving art, you can engrave all kinds of patterns of copper, particularly Quran verses and that is the most beautiful thing that can be shaped on copper and be given to others as a gift." 23. Close-up of hand engraving Quran verses onto copper 24. Wide of copper engraved handicrafts in shop 25. Foreign tourists buying a copper-engraved tray 26. Close-up of patterns on copper tray 27. SOUNDBITE (English) Tira Pauloto, Thai Tourist: "This afternoon, we just had a look again and especially in this small street of copper and it is a very interesting handicraft, yes." 28. Close-up of hand engraving onto a copper sheet 29. Man working on copper 30. Close-up of man's face 31. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Ahmad Goharimehr, Experienced copper engraver: "This art has been handed down to us from our ancestors and our children will also follow this art. The history of this art goes back to the Safavid Dynasty." 32. Wide of shop and workplace of copper artistic works and wares 33. Close-up of mountain goat made from copper 34. Tilt-up of big samovar (metal urn for making tea) made of copper 36. Copper handicrafts LEAD IN : Artists from the Isfahan region of Iran engrave beautiful patterns on copperware. In doing so they are passing on skilled profession with a long history. Artisans work on creative patterns but also on engrave verses from the Quran into the copper. STORYLINE : In a bazaar echoing with the sound of hammering, copper engravers are hard at work. The artists use simple tools to form beautiful embossed patterns of Quran verses, flowers, animals and much more. To prepare the copper for engraving, tar is melted and a layer of copper is laid down onto it so that its surface is not bent out of shape when the hammering begins, as copper engraver Seyd Ahmad Ahmadi explains. Afterwards, a chisel and small hammer are used to make notches. The art has then been passed on from father to children over the years. You can license this story through AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/803e31ecd6f0bd0500f97977cddfccf9 Find out more about AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/HowWeWork

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PBS Islam Empire of Faith - part 2.avi

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Duration: 13:01
Updated: 22 Feb 2014
author: onemissiononevision

Islam: Empire of Faith is a documentary series, made in 2000, that details the history of Islam, from the birth of the Islamic Prophet, Muhammad to theOttoma...

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Safavids: Glory of Iran

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Duration: 4:37
Updated: 24 Aug 2014
author: m ballan

The beauty of Safavid architecture.

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Ming Dynasty Decline & Fall

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Duration: 2:59
Updated: 16 Feb 2015

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Fatimid Caliphate

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Duration: 20:32
Updated: 03 Oct 2014

The Fatimid Caliphate (Arabic: الفاطميون, al-Fāṭimiyyūn) was a Shia Islamic caliphate, which spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The dynasty ruled across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the centre of the caliphate. At its height, the caliphate included in addition to Egypt varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and Hijaz. The Fatimids were descended from Fatima bint Muhammad (Arabic: فاطمة بنت محمد), the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, according to Fatimid claims. The Fatimids conquered North Africa and their Fatimid state took shape among the Kutama, in the Western North of Africa, particularly Algeria. In 909 Fatimid established the Tunisian city of Mahdia as their capital. In 948 they shifted their capital to Al-Mansuriya. In 969 they conquered Egypt and established Cairo as the capital of their caliphate, and Egypt became the political, cultural, and religious centre of the whole state. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video

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Iran Wikipedia video. Created by Stupeflix.com

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Duration: 2:55
Updated: 16 Mar 2010

Create your own video on http://studio.stupeflix.com !Map of the world by Eratosthenes, c.200 BCE. In antiquity, the names Ariana (Aryânâ) and Persis were used to describe the region where modern-day Iran is found. Stonecarving from Persepolis showing Darius I the Great of Persia (521-486 BC). The 2500 year old ruins of Persepolis (Old Persian: Parsa'; New Persian: Takht-e Jamshid). The Arg-e Bam citadel, built before 500 BC. A great example of Iranian castles of the time. A bust from The National Museum of Iran of Queen Musa, wife of Phraates IV of Parthia. Coin of Phraates IV. (38 BCE). The inscripton reads: Benefactor Arsaces, Civilized friend of Greeks. The Avestan (Old Iranian) language written in Din dabireh (literally: religion script) scholarly consensus floats around 1000 BCE. A giant rock relief at Naqsh-e Rostam, depicting the triumph of Persian King Shapur I over three Roman Emperors Valerian, Gordian III and Philip the Arab. A Latin copy of Avicennas Canon of Medicine, which was the standard medical text in Europe for seven centuries. Avicenna (Ibn-Sina) is considered the greatest of the medieval Islamic and Persian physicians. His work directly influenced the Renaissance. Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid State (1501 to 1736). Naghsh-i Jahan Square built in the Safavid era is one of the best examples of Persian Architecture. It is still one of largest city squares in the world and the largest in Western Asia. Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh, founder of Iran's first democratic government, overthrown in a CIA-backed coup in 1953. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi overthrown in the 1979 Iranian revolution. Farah Pahlavi former Empress of Iran. Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, leader of the Islamic revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Donald Rumsfeld meeting Saddam Hussein on 19 December - 20 December 1983. Rumsfeld visited again on 24 March 1984; the same day the UN released a report that Iraq had used mustard gas and tabun nerve agent against Iranian troops. After the revolution, Shahyad Tower was renamed to Azadi Tower (Freedom Tower). Hills south west of Sanandaj near the village of Kilaneh, Kurdistan Province. Mount Damavand is Iran's highest point. Fars Province landscape. Rural houses in Mazandaran's green forests. The rial is Iran's official currency. Tehran was one of the first cities in Iran which was modernized in the Pahlavi era. It currently hosts 45% of Iran's large industries. Kish Island is a free-trade zone, which is fast becoming a major tourist destination. Ethnic diversity of Iran. Demography of Iran (2002). Religious distribution in Iran. Iranian-made Shafaq strike trainer fast jet. Iranian made Zulfiqar-2 tank The most advanced of these tanks is the Zulfiqar-3. Miniature painting by Mohammad Tajvidi on the cover of the Divan of Hafez ("Hafez's Anthology"), published 1969. Rumi in pensive mood. Azadi Football Stadium is the biggest venue for Iranian football (soccer). Its also the world's 4th largest soccer stadium. Gondola lift carry skiers and other visitors to Tochal mountain near Tehran. The 12th century Friday Mosque of Yazd is still in use today. It was first built under Ala'oddoleh Garshasb of the Al-e Bouyeh dynasty. A modern example of Persian miniature by miniature artist Mahmoud Farshchian. An eighteenth-century Persian astrolabe. Throughout the Middle Ages, the natural philosophy and mathematics of the ancient Greeks and Persians were furthered and preserved within Persia. During this period, Persia became a centre for the manufacture of scientific instruments, retaining its reputation for quality well into the nineteenth century. Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qotbeddin Shirazi (12361311), a Persian astronomer. The image depicts an epicyclic planetary model.

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TRAVEL TO IRAN (English/Deutsch) - REISE IN DEN IRAN - 2013

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Duration: 94:33
Updated: 30 Jan 2014

Have also a look at the photo gallery of my travel // Hier findest du die Fotos meiner Reise: http://on.fb.me/1iskw3r Mein Reisebericht aus dem Iran vom 4.-18. September 2013. My travelogue about Iran from 4th to 18th of September 2013. besuchte Städte/visited cities: Tehran, Qazvin, Shiraz, Persepolis, Isfahan Kamera/Videocam: Sony SLT Alpha 65 + Tamron 17-50 2.8 & Apple iPhone 4 My hotel in Tehran: http://www.firouzehhotel.com/ My hotel in Shiraz: http://on.fb.me/1kS6qNc Fragen? Schreibe bitte einen Kommentar. Any Questions? Please leave a comment. Wenn euch der Film gefallen hat, freue ich mich zur Unterstützung meiner Filmarbeit über eine kleinen Spende! Dankeschön! :) // If you like the movie, I would be glad if you support my film production with a small donation! Thanks :) via PayPal: http://bit.ly/1m8UO4V Spendenkonto//Bank Account: Inhaber/Owner: Daniel Seidel IBAN: DE63 8309 4495 0003 2539 96 BIC: GENODEF1ETK (Ethikbank) Verwendungszweck/Usage: Filmproduktion

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Naqsh Jahan in Isfahan Iran 3D

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Duration: 1:54
Updated: 15 Aug 2014
author: Behnam Nazemi

Imam Square in Isfahan Iran 3D میدان امام شهر اصفهان.ایران Naqsh-e Jahan Square (Persian: میدان نقش جهان‎ Maidān-e Naqsh-e Jahān; trans: "Image of the World ...

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Colors of Iran (2013)

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Duration: 14:36
Updated: 09 Aug 2014
author: X Brigi

Pictures from Tehran, Shiraz, Esfahan and Yazd. 2013. Music: https://soundcloud.com/brieq.

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The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5

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Duration: 11:39
Updated: 23 Feb 2012

In which John compares and contrasts Greek civilization and the Persian Empire. Of course we're glad that Greek civilization spawned modern western civilization, right? Maybe not. From Socrates and Plato to Darius and Xerxes, John explains two of the great powers of the ancient world, all WITHOUT the use of footage from 300. Resources: The Histories of Herodotus: http://dft.ba/-herodotus Plato: http://dft.ba/-plato Plays of Aristophanes: http://dft.ba/-aristophanes Crash Course World History is now available on DVD! http://www.dftba.com/product/1688 Follow us! @thecrashcourse @realjohngreen @raoulmeyer @crashcoursestan @saysdanica @thoughtbubbler Like us! ‪http://www.facebook.com/youtubecrashcourse Follow us again! ‪http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse

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Safavid Empire - Turkish Rivals To The Ottoman Empire

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Duration: 84:00
Updated: 10 Aug 2015

The Safavid dynasty (Persian: سلسلهٔ صفويان‎; Azerbaijani: Səfəvilər, صفویلر) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia (modern Iran), and is often considered the beginning of modern Persian history. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires after the Muslim conquest of Persia and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history. The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and at their height, they controlled all of modern Iran, Azerbaijan and Armenia, most of Iraq, Georgia, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus, as well as parts of Syria, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Turkey. Safavid Iran was one of the Islamic "gunpowder empires", along with its neighbours, the Ottoman and Mughal empires. The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safaviyya Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan region. It was of mixed ancestry (Azerbaijani, Kurdish Persian and Turkmen, which included intermarriages with Georgian and Pontic Greek dignitaries). From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over all of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sassanid Empire to establish a unified Iranian state. Despite their demise in 1736, the legacy that they left behind was the revival of Persia as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy based upon "checks and balances", their architectural innovations and their patronage for fine arts. The Safavids have also left their mark down to the present era by spreading Shi'a Islam in Iran, as well as major parts of the Caucasus, South Asia, Central Asia, and Anatolia. The Safavid Kings themselves claimed to be Seyyeds, family descendants of the prophet Muhammad, although many scholars have cast doubt on this claim. There seems now to be a consensus among scholars that the Safavid family hailed from Persian Kurdistan, and later moved to Azerbaijan, finally settling in the 11th century CE at Ardabil. Traditional pre-1501 Safavid manuscripts trace the lineage of the Safavids to Kurdish dignitary, Firuz Shah Zarin-Kulah. According to some historians, including Richard Frye, the Safavids were of Azeri (Turkish) origin: The Turkish speakers of Azerbaijan are mainly descended from t

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Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire (Library of Middle East History) — Download

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Duration: 0:09
Updated: 01 Jul 2015

Download Here: http://tinyurl.com/njrfmkw The Safavid dynasty, which reigned from the late fifteenth to the eighteenth century, links medieval with modern Iran. The Safavids witnessed wide-ranging developments in politics, warfare, science, philosophy, religion, art and architecture. But how did this dynasty manage to produce the longest lasting and most glorious of Iran’s Islamic-period eras?Andrew Newman offers a complete re-evaluation of the Safavid place in history as they presided over these extraordinary developments and the wondrous flowering of Iranian culture. In the process, he dissects the Safavid story, from before the 1501 capture of Tabriz by Shah Ismail (1488-1524), the point at which Shi`ism became the realm's established faith; on to the sixteenth and early seventeenth century dominated by Shah Abbas (1587-1629), whose patronage of art and architecture from his capital of Isfahan embodied the Safavid spirit; and culminating with the reign of Sultan Husayn (reg. 1694-1722).Based on meticulous scholarship, Newman offers a valuable new interpretation of the rise of the Safavids and their eventual demise in the eighteenth century. Safavid Iran, with its fresh insights and new research, is the definitive single volume work on the subject.

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Great Safavid Iranian Empire

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Duration: 3:36
Updated: 29 Jun 2015

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Safavid empire * Azerbaijan - turk empire ||| Safevi - devleti * Azerbaycan - türk devleti

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Duration: 2:09
Updated: 22 Jun 2015

Safavid empire * Azerbaijan - turk empire Safevi devleti * Azerbaycan - türk devleti Safevi devleti * Azerbeycan - türk devleti امپراطوری صفوی * امپراتوری ترکی آذربایجان Imperio safávida * Imperio turco Azerbaiyán Сефевиды * Азербайджан - тюркской империи Safávidas - Azerbaijão império turco Séfévides - Empire turkic Azerbaïdjan Safavidi Sefewi Döwleti Сефевіди Азербайджан Тюркський каганат Səfəvilər İmperiyası - Azərbaycan türk dövləti Büyük Hun Devleti Batı Hun devleti Avrupa Hun Devleti Ak Hun devleti Göktürk Devleti Avar Devleti Ötüken Hazar devleti Uygur devleti Karahanlılar devleti Gazneniler devleti Büyük Selçulu devleti Harzemşahlar devleti Altınordu devleti Büyük Timur devleti Babür devleti Osmanlı devleti Harezmşahlar devleti

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The Treaty of Kerden

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Duration: 2:30
Updated: 16 Jun 2015

reaty of Kerden (Turkish: Kerden Antlaşması, Persian:عهدنامه گردان) was signed between Ottoman Empire and Afsharid Iran on the 4th of September, 1746. Background During the last years of the Safavid dynasty in Iran, Ottomans were able to annex most of Caucasus and west Iran, due to hereditc strife, civil unrest and total chaos. Meanwhile, Afghans were able to annex a part of Khorasan. The shah had to appoint Nadir, an Iranian Afshar Turkmen warlord, as his commander in chief. Under Nadir’s brilliant commandship, Iran was able to regain most of her losses. After the victories, it was an easy matter for Nadir to seize the throne. In 1736, Nadir Shah founded the Afsharid dynasty (to be continued up to 1796.) Nadir Shah was planning to found another great Persian empire, stretching from the Indus to the Bosphorus, like in ancient times. After reconquering former territories of Iran, he further tried to annex the eastern territories of the Ottoman Empire (East Anatolia and Iraq). He also proposed to reconcile the two sects (mazhab) of Islam. (Ottomans were of Sunni faith and most of Iranians were of Shia faith.) He planned to force Ottomans, then the champion of Sunnis, to accept Shia as a fifth legal sect of Islam. The terms of the treaty The treaty was signed in Kerden (a location near Qazwin,Iran). The representatives were Hasan Ali Haji (Afsharid side) and Mustafa Nazif (Ottoman side) The boundary line between the two countries was the same boundary line drawn roughly a century ago by the treaty of Zuhab of 1639. (i.e., modern Turkey-Iran and Iraq-Iran border lines.) The Ottomans agreed to legitimise the Afsaharid dynasty as the rulers of Iran. The Ottomans also agreed to allow the Iranian hajis (pilgrims) to Mecca (then under Ottoman control) Exchange of consulates (Turkish: şehbender) were permitted in both countries. Both sides agreed to liberate the prisoners of war. Iran abandoned to force the Ottomans to declare Shia as the fifth legal sect of Islam

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Portrayals of 'Ali b. Abi Talib throughout History: from Early Schisms to the Safavid Dynasty

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Duration: 30:39
Updated: 13 Jun 2015

Part I of Conference on the Humanitarian, Philanthropic & Philosophical Legacy of Ali b. Abi Talib Hosted by HIKMA Association at University of Sydney

wn.com/Portrayals Of 'Ali B. Abi Talib Throughout History From Early Schisms To The Safavid Dynasty

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Untitled

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Duration: 0:08
Updated: 08 Jun 2015

Download Here: http://tinyurl.com/o4n3zyl In 1604, Pope Clement VIII despatched a delegation of Discalced Carmelites to Persia to exhort Shah Abbas I to join an alliance with him. Thus began almost two hundred years of Carmelite activity in the region. During their time there, the Order not only bore witness to the great Safavid dynasty and its demise: they also amassed a huge written record. Herbert Chick's two impressive volumes present an important collection of these writings. The records provide an unparalleled source of detailed information on the politics, diplomatic rituals, foreign policy concerns, and matters of court ceremony of the time, including correspondence between the Popes and the Shahs. Now extremely rare, the work remains an invaluable resource for scholars. This new edition contains an introduction by Rudi Matthee, an acknowledged authority on Safavid Persia.

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The Safavid Empire

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Duration: 2:49
Updated: 03 Jun 2015

Global Studies I Project

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The Safavid Dynasty (In Our Time, 12/1/12)

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Duration: 41:41
Updated: 02 Jun 2015

Discussion on the the Safavid Dynasty, rulers of the Persian empire between the 16th and 18th centuries.In 1501 Shah Ismail, a boy of fifteen, declared himself ... The Safavid Dynasty (In Our Time, 12/1/12) Discussion on the the Safavid Dynasty, rulers of the Persian empire between the 16th and 18th centuries.In 1501 ... The Safavid Dynasty (In Our Time, 12/1/12) The Safavid Dynasty (In Our Time, 12/1/12)

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Ятаган "Сефевид" / Yatagan "Safavid"

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Duration: 7:06
Updated: 29 May 2015

Tribute to the Great Son of Azerbaijan, a founder of the Safavid Empire of Qizilbash his Majesty Shah Ismayil Khatai Safavid (17 june 1487 г. Ardebil, South Azerbaijan - 23 May1524) with our will to unite all historical lands of Azerbaijani Turks. Bu yatagan silahi Azerbaycanin iqid ovladlarindan biri Shah Ismayil Xetayiye hesr olunub. Emin Mammadovun ishidir. 2015ci il, Kanada

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Ottomans vs Safavids - The Battle of Chaldiran In 1514

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Duration: 5:46
Updated: 11 May 2015

The Battle of Chaldiran or Chaldoran (Persian: چالدران‎; Turkish: Çaldıran) occurred on 23 August 1514 and ended with a victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans gained immediate and permanent control over far eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq, as well as temporary control of northwestern Iran. The battle, however, was just the beginning of 41 years of destructive war and merely one of the many phases of Ottoman-Persian Wars, that only ended in 1555 with the Treaty of Amasya. The Ottomans generally had the upper hand, but the Persians for the most part held their ground. Safavid losses in Shia-dominated metropolitan regions of Persia, such as Luristan and Kermanshah, proved temporary, being eventually recovered from the Ottomans, but important Persian cities such as Tabriz were often the target of destructive Ottoman raids. An exception was Azerbaijan, which- though eventually taken back from the Ottomans, would centuries later be permanently lost to the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Mesopotamia (Iraq), as well as entire eastern Anatolia, would also be forever taken from traditional Iranian suzerainty centuries later. At Chaldiran, the Ottomans had a larger, better equipped army numbering 60,000 to 200,000, while the Qizilbash Turcomans numbered some 40,000 to 80,000. Shah Ismail I, who was wounded and almost captured in the battle, retired to his palace and withdrew from government administration after his wives were captured by Selim I, with at least one married off to one of Selim's statesmen. The battle is one of major historical importance because it not only negated the idea that the Murshid of the Shia-Qizilbash was infallible, but it also fully defined the Ottoman-Safavid borders for a short time with the Ottomans gaining northwestern Iran, and led Kurdish chiefs to assert their authority and switch their allegiance from the Safavids to the Ottomans. After Selim I's successful struggle against his brothers for the throne of the Ottoman Empire, he was free to turn his attention to the internal unrest he believed was stirred up by the Shia Qizilbash, who had sided with other members of the Dynasty against him and had been semi-officially supported by Bayezid II. Selim now feared that they would incite the population against his rule in favor of Shah Isma'il leader of the Shia Safavids, and by some of his supporters believed to be family of the Prophet. Selim secured a jurist opinion that described Isma'il and the Qizilbash as "unbelievers and heretics" enabling him to undertake extreme measures on his way eastward to pacify the country. In response, Shah Isma'il accused Sultan Selim of aggression against fellow Muslims, violating religious sexual rules and shedding innocent blood. When Selim started his march east, the Safavids were invaded in the east by the Uzbek state recently brought to prominence by Abu 'I-Fath Muhammad, who had fallen in battle against Isma'il only a few years before. To avoid the prospect of fighting a war on two fronts, Isma'il employed a scorched earth policy against Selim in the west. The terrain of eastern Anatolia and the Caucuses is extremely rough and combined with the difficulty in supplying the army in light of Isma'il's scorched earth campaign while marching against Muslims, Selim's army was discontented. The Janissaries even fired their muskets at the Sultan's tent in protest at one point. When Selim learned of the Safavid army forming at Chaldiran, he quickly moved to engage Isma'il in part to stifle the discontent of his army. The Ottomans deployed heavy artillery and thousands of Janissaries equipped with gunpowder weapons behind a barrier of carts. The Safavids used cavalry to engage the Ottoman forces. The Safavids attacked the Ottoman wings in an effort to avoid the Ottoman artillery positioned at the center. However, the Ottoman artillery was highly maneuverable and the Safavids suffered disastrous losses. The advanced Ottoman weaponry was the deciding factor of the battle as the Safavid forces, who only had traditional weaponry, were decimated. The Safavids also suffered from poor planning and ill-disciplined troops unlike the Ottomans. Aftermath Following their victory the Ottomans captured the Safavid capital city of Tabriz, which they first pillaged and then evacuated. The Ottoman Empire successfully secured permanent control over the far eastern part of Anatolia and also over northern Iraq, and temporary control over northwestern Iran. The Shia defeat at Chaldiran brought an end to the Shia uprisings in Ottoman Empire. After two of his wives were captured by Selim Ismail was heartbroken and resorted to drinking alcohol. Ismail did not participate in government affairs, as his aura of invincibility was shattered.

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The Iranian Dynasties During The Modern Period

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Duration: 6:26
Updated: 10 May 2015

At the start of the 1500s, Shah Ismail I established the Safavid Dynasty in western Persia and Azerbaijan. He subsequently extended his authority over all of Persia, and established intermittent Persian hegemony over vast nearby regions which would last for many centuries onwards. Ismail instigated a forced conversion from Sunni to Shi'a Islam. The rivalry between Safavid Persia and the Ottoman Empire led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid era peaked in the reign of the brilliant soldier, statesman and administrator Shah Abbas I (1587–1629), surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Eurasia for the sciences and arts. The Safavid era also saw the start of the creation of new layers in Persian society, composed of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Georgians, Circassians, Armenians, and other peoples of the Caucasus. Following a slow decline in the late 1600s and early 1700s by internal strife, royal intrigues, continuous wars between them and their Ottoman arch rivals, and foreign interference (most notably by the Russians) the Safavid dynasty was ended by Pashtun rebels who besieged Isfahan and defeated Soltan Hosein in 1722. In 1729, an Iranian Khorasan chieftain and military genius, Nader Shah, successfully drove out, then conquered the Pashtun invaders. During Nader Shah's reign, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanian Empire, reestablishing Persian hegemony over all of the Caucasus, other major parts of West Asia, Central Asia and parts of South Asia, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire in the world. In 1738-39, he invaded India and sacked Delhi, bringing great loot back to Persia. Nader Shah's assassination sparked a brief period of civil war and turmoil, after which Karim Khan came to power in 1750, bringing a period of relative peace and prosperity. Another civil war ensued after Karim Khan's death in 1779, out of which Aga Muhammad Khan emerged victorious, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of their Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars sacked and ravaged Tblisi, and drove the Russians out of the entire Caucasus, reestablishing Persian suzerainty over the region. However reestablishment of Persian control was short-lived, and the Russo-Persian War (1804–13) and the Russo-Persian War (1826–28) resulted in large irrevocable territorial losses for Persia but substantial gains for the Russian Empire which took over the Caucasus (modern Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) from Iran as a result of the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. Apart from Agha Mohammad Khan rule, Qajar rule is characterised as a century of misrule. Around 1.5 million people, or 20–25% of Persia's population, died as a result of the Great Persian Famine of 1870–1871. Whilst resisting efforts to be colonised, Iran lost lands in the 1800s as a result of Russian and British empire-building, known as 'The Great Game', losing much of its territory in the Russo-Persian and the Anglo-Persian Wars. A series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser al-Din Shah and Mozaffar ad-Din Shah between 1872 and 1905, the last of which resulted in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and establishment of Iran's first national parliament in 1906, which was abolished in 1908. The struggle continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied northern Iran in 1911. During World War I, the British occupied much of western Iran, not fully withdrawing until 1921. In 1921, Reza Khan, Prime Minister of Iran and former general of the Persian Cossack Brigade, overthrew the Qajar Dynasty and became Shah. In 1941 he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, after Iran came under British and Russian occupation following the Anglo-Soviet invasion that established the Persian Corridor and would last until 1946.

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Which Languages Did The Safavid Speak?

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Duration: 5:47
Updated: 07 May 2015

The Safavids by the time of their rise were Azerbaijani-speaking although they also used Persian as a second language. The language chiefly used by the Safavid court and military establishment was Azerbaijani. But the official language of the empire as well as the administrative language, language of correspondence, literature and historiography was Persian. The inscriptions on Safavid currency were also in Persian. Scene from Attar's The Conference of the Birds, by Habibulla Meshedi (1600). Safavids also used Persian as a cultural and administrative language throughout the empire and were bilingual in Persian. According to Arnold J. Toynbee, In the heyday of the Mughal, Safawi, and Ottoman regimes New Persian was being patronized as the language of litterae humaniores by the ruling element over the whole of this huge realm, while it was also being employed as the official language of administration in those two-thirds of its realm that lay within the Safawi and the Mughal frontiers According to John R. Perry, In the 16th century, the Turcophone Safavid family of Ardabil in Azerbaijan, probably of Turkicized Iranian, origin, conquered Iran and established Turkic, the language of the court and the military, as a high-status vernacular and a widespread contact language, influencing spoken Persian, while written Persian, the language of high literature and civil administration, remained virtually unaffected in status and content. According to Zabiollah Safa, In day-to-day affairs, the language chiefly used at the Safavid court and by the great military and political officers, as well as the religious dignitaries, was Turkish, not Persian; and the last class of persons wrote their religious works mainly in Arabic. Those who wrote in Persian were either lacking in proper tuition in this tongue, or wrote outside Iran and hence at a distance from centers where Persian was the accepted vernacular, endued with that vitality and susceptibility to skill in its use which a language can have only in places where it truly belongs. Prince Muhammad-Beik of Georgia by Reza Abbasi (1620) According to É. Á. Csató et al., A specific Turkic language was attested in Safavid Persia during the 16th and 17th centuries, a language that Europeans often called Persian Turkish ("Turc Agemi", "lingua turcica agemica"), which was a favourite language at the court and in the army because of the Turkic origins of the Safavid dynasty. The original name was just turki, and so a convenient name might be Turki-yi Acemi. This variety of Persian Turkish must have been also spoken in the Caucasian and Transcaucasian regions, which during the 16th century belonged to both the Ottomans and the Safavids, and were not fully integrated into the Safavid empire until 1606. Though that language might generally be identified as Middle Azerbaijanian, it's not yet possible to define exactly the limits of this language, both in linguistic and territorial respects. It was certainly not homogenous—maybe it was an Azerbaijanian-Ottoman mixed language, as Beltadze (1967:161) states for a translation of the gospels in Georgian script from the 18th century. According to Rula Jurdi Abisaab, Although the Arabic language was still the medium for religious scholastic expression, it was precisely under the Safavids that hadith complications and doctrinal works of all sorts were being translated to Persian. The 'Amili (Lebanese scholars of Shi'i faith) operating through the Court-based religious posts, were forced to master the Persian language; their students translated their instructions into Persian. Persianization went hand in hand with the popularization of 'mainstream' Shi'i belief. According to Cornelis Versteegh, The Safavid dynasty under Shah Ismail (961/1501) adopted Persian and the Shi'ite form of Islam as the national language and religion. Legacy It was the Safavids who made Iran the spiritual bastion of Shi'ism against the onslaughts of Sunni Islam, and the repository of Persian cultural traditions and self-awareness of Iranianhood, acting as a bridge to modern Iran. The founder of the dynasty, Shah Isma'il, adopted the title of "Persian Emperor" Pādišah-ī Īrān, with its implicit notion of an Iranian state stretching from Khorasan as far as Euphrates, and from the Oxus to the southern Territories of the Persian Gulf

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Transforming Persia: Safavid Architecture

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Duration: 2:52
Updated: 07 May 2015

A new age in Iranian architecture began with the rise of the Safavid dynasty. Economically robust and politically stable, this period saw a flourishing growth of theological sciences. Traditional architecture evolved in its patterns and methods leaving its impact on the architecture of the following periods. Indeed, one of the greatest legacies of the Safavids is the architecture. In 1598, when Shah Abbas decided to move the capital of his Persian empire from the north-western city of Qazvin to the central city of Isfahan, he initiated what would become one of the greatest programmes in Persian history; the complete remaking of the city. By choosing the central city of Isfahan, fertilized by the Zāyande roud ("The life-giving river"), lying as an oasis of intense cultivation in the midst of a vast area of arid landscape, he both distanced his capital from any future assaults by the Ottomans and the Uzbeks, and at the same time gained more control over the Persian Gulf, which had recently become an important trading route for the Dutch and British East India Companies. The Chief architect of this colossal task of urban planning was Shaykh Bahai (Baha' ad-Din al-`Amili), who focused the programme on two key features of Shah Abbas's master plan: the Chahar Bagh avenue, flanked at either side by all the prominent institutions of the city, such as the residences of all foreign dignitaries. And the Naqsh-e Jahan Square ("Examplar of the World"). Prior to the Shah's ascent to power, Persia had a decentralized power-structure, in which different institutions battled for power, including both the military (the Qizilbash) and governors of the different provinces making up the empire. Shah Abbas wanted to undermine this political structure, and the recreation of Isfahan, as a Grand capital of Persia, was an important step in centralizing the power.[168] The ingenuity of the square, or Maidān, was that, by building it, Shah Abbas would gather the three main components of power in Persia in his own backyard; the power of the clergy, represented by the Masjed-e Shah, the power of the merchants, represented by the Imperial Bazaar, and of course, the power of the Shah himself, residing in the Ali Qapu Palace. Distinctive monuments like the Sheikh Lotfallah (1618), Hasht Behesht (Eight Paradise Palace) (1469) and the Chahar Bagh School(1714) appeared in Isfahan and other cities. This extensive development of architecture was rooted in Persian culture and took form in the design of schools, baths, houses, caravanserai and other urban spaces such as bazaars and squares. It continued until the end of the Qajar reign

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Cultural influences during Safavid Times

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Duration: 3:52
Updated: 07 May 2015

The Safavid family was a literate family from its early origin. There are extant Tati and Persian poetry from Shaykh Safi ad-din Ardabili as well as extant Persian poetry from Shaykh Sadr ad-din. Most of the extant poetry of Shah Ismail I is in Azerbaijani pen-name of Khatai. Sam Mirza, the son of Shah Esmail as well as some later authors assert that Ismail composed poems both in Turkish and Persian but only a few specimens of his Persian verse have survived. A collection of his poems in Azeri were published as a Divan. Shah Tahmasp who has composed poetry in Persian was also a painter, while Shah Abbas II was known as a poet, writing Azerbaijani verses. Sam Mirza, the son of Ismail I was himself a poet and composed his poetry in Persian. He also compiled an anthology of contemporary poetry. Culture within the empire Shah Abbas I recognized the commercial benefit of promoting the arts—artisan products provided much of Iran's foreign trade. In this period, handicrafts such as tile making, pottery and textiles developed and great advances were made in miniature painting, bookbinding, decoration and calligraphy. In the 16th century, carpet weaving evolved from a nomadic and peasant craft to a well-executed industry with specialization of design and manufacturing. Tabriz was the center of this industry. The carpets of Ardabil were commissioned to commemorate the Safavid dynasty. The elegantly baroque yet famously 'Polonaise' carpets were made in Iran during the 17th century. Using traditional forms and materials, Reza Abbasi (1565--1635) introduced new subjects to Persian painting—semi-nude women, youth, lovers. His painting and calligraphic style influenced Iranian artists for much of the Safavid period, which came to be known as the Isfahan school. Increased contact with distant cultures in the 17th century, especially Europe, provided a boost of inspiration to Iranian artists who adopted modeling, foreshortening, spatial recession, and the medium of oil painting (Shah Abbas II sent Muhammad Zaman to study in Rome). The epic Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), a stellar example of manuscript illumination and calligraphy, was made during Shah Tahmasp's reign. (This book was written by Ferdousi in 1000 AD for Sultan Mahmood Ghaznawi) Another manuscript is the Khamsa by Nizami executed 1539-43 by Aqa Mirak and his school in Isfahan. Isfahan bears the most prominent samples of the Safavid architecture, all constructed in the years after Shah Abbas I permanently moved the capital there in 1598: the Imperial Mosque, Masjid-e Shah, completed in 1630, the Imam Mosque (Masjid-e Imami) the Lutfallah Mosque and the Royal Palace. According to William Cleveland and Martin Bunton, the establishment of Isfahan as the Great capital of Persia and the material splendor of the city attracted intellecutal's from all corners of the world, which contributed to the cities rich cultural life. The impressive achievements of its 400,000 residents prompted the inhabitants to coin their famous boast, "Isfahan is half the world". Poetry stagnated under the Safavids; the great medieval ghazal form languished in over-the-top lyricism. Poetry lacked the royal patronage of other arts and was hemmed in by religious prescriptions. The arguably most renowned historian from this time was Iskandar Beg Munshi. His History of Shah Abbas the Great written a few years after its subject's death, achieved a nuanced depth of history and character.

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Closest Advisor To The Shah - The Safavid Royal Court

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Duration: 1:55
Updated: 07 May 2015

As for the royal household, the highest post was that of the Nazir, Court Minister. He was perhaps the closest advisor to the Shah, and, as such, functioned as his eyes and ears within the Court. His primary job was to appoint and supervise all the officials of the household and to be their contact with the Shah. But his responsibilities also included that of being the treasurer of the Shahs properties. This meant that even the Prime Minister, who held the highest office in the state, had to work in association with the Nazir when it came to managing those transactions that directly related to the Shah. The second most senior appointment was the Grand Steward (Ichik Agasi bashi), who would always accompany the Shah and was easily recognizable because of the great baton that he carried with him. He was responsible for introducing all guests, receiving petitions presented to the Shah and reading them if required. Next in line were the Master of the Royal Stables (Mirakor bashi) and the Master of the Hunt (Mirshekar bashi). The Shah had stables in all the principal towns, and Shah Abbas was said to have about 30,000 horses in studs around the country. In addition to these, there were separate officials appointed for the caretaking of royal banquets and for entertainment. Chardin specifically noticed the rank of doctors and astrologers and the respect that the Shahs had for them. The Shah had a dozen of each in his service and would usually be accompanied by three doctors and three astrologers, who were authorized to sit by his side on various occasions. The Chief Physician (Hakim-bashi) was a highly considered member of the Royal court, and the most revered astrologer of the court was given the title Munajjim-bashi (Chief Astrologer). During the first century of the dynasty, the primary court language remained Azeri, although this increasingly changed after the capital was moved to Isfahan.

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Local Rule Within Safavid Territory

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Duration: 1:42
Updated: 07 May 2015

On a local level, the government was divided into public land and royal possessions. The public land was under the rule of local governors, or Khans. Since the earliest days of the Safavid dynasty, the Qizilbash generals had been appointed to most of these posts. They ruled their provinces like petty shahs and spent all their revenues on their own province, only presenting the Shah with the balance. In return, they had to keep ready a standing army at all times and provide the Shah with military assistance upon his request. It was also requested from them that they appoint a lawyer (vakil) to the Court who would inform them on matters pertaining to the provincial affairs. Shah Abbas I intended to decrease the power of the Qizilbash by bringing some of these provinces into his direct control, creating so called Crown Provinces (Khassa). But it was Shah Safi, under influence by his Prime Minister, Saru Taqi, that initiated the program of trying to increase the royal revenues by buying land from the governors and putting in place local commissioners. In time, this proved to become a burden to the people that were under the direct rule of the Shah, as these commissioners, unlike the former governors, had little knowledge about the local communities that they controlled and were primarily interested in increasing the income of the Shah. And, while it was in the governors' own interest to increase the productivity and prosperity of their provinces, the commissioners received their income directly from the royal treasury and, as such, did not care so much about investing in agriculture and local industries. Thus, the majority of the people suffered from rapacity and corruption carried out in the name of the Shah.

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What Was The Third Force Of The Safavid Empire?

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Duration: 2:28
Updated: 07 May 2015

From 1540 and onwards, Shah Tahmasp initiated a transformation of the society by slowly constructing a new branch within the aristocracy. The campaigns that he waged against Georgia between 1540 and 1554 were primarily meant to uphold the morale and the fighting efficiency of the qizilbash military, but they brought home large numbers (over 70,000) of Georgian, Circassian and Armenian slaves. The women (only Circassian and Georgian) came to occupy prominent positions in the harems of the Safavid elite, particularly the Shah's, while the men were given special training, on completion of which they were either enrolled in one of the newly created ghulam regiments, or employed in the royal household. His successor Ismail II brought another 30,000 Circassians and Georgians to Iran of which many joined the ghulam force, but it was under Shah Abbas who significantly enlargened this program and greatly expanded the ghulam military corps from a few hundred to 15,000 highly trained cavalrymen., as part of a whole army division of 40,000 Caucasian ghulams. He then went on to reduce the number of qizilbash provincial governorships and systematicly moved qizilbash governors to other districts, thus disrupting their ties with the local community, and reducing their power. Many were replaced by a ghulam, and within short time, Georgians, Circassians, and Armenians had been appointed to many of the highest offices of state. By 1595, Allahverdi Khan, a Georgian, became one of the most powerful men in the Safavid state, when he was appointed the Governor-General of Fars, one of the richest provinces in Persia. And his power reached its peak in 1598, when he became the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Thus, this new group eventually came to constitute a powerful "third force" within the state, alongside the Persians and the Qizilbash Turks, and it only goes to prove the meritocratic society of the Safavids. It is estimated that during Abbas' reign some 130,000-200,000 Georgians, tens of thousands of Circassians, and around 300,000 Armenians had been deported from the Caucasus to Persia's heartland, all obtaining functions and roles such as the highest of the state, or as simple farmers and peasantry.

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Safavid Empire's Role In Spreading Shia Beliefs In Iran

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Duration: 1:25
Updated: 07 May 2015

Even though Safavids were not the first Shia rulers in Iran, they played a crucial role in making Shia Islam the official religion in the whole of Iran. There were large Shia communities in some cities like Qom and Sabzevar as early as the 8th century. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Buwayhids, who were of the Zaidiyyah branch of Shia, ruled in Fars, Isfahan and Baghdad. As a result of the Mongol conquest and the relative religious tolerance of the Ilkhanids, Shia dynasties were re-established in Iran, Sarbedaran in Khorasan being the most important. The Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü converted to Twelver Shiism in the 13th century. Following his conquest of Iran, Ismail I made conversion mandatory for the largely Sunni population. The Sunni Ulema or clergy were either killed or exiled. Ismail I, brought in mainstream Ithnā'ashariyyah Shi'a religious leaders and granted them land and money in return for loyalty. Later, during the Safavid and especially Qajar period, the Shia Ulema's power increased and they were able to exercise a role, independent of or compatible with the government. Iran became a feudal theocracy: the Shah was held to be the divinely ordained head of state and religion. In the following centuries, this religious stance cemented both Iran's internal cohesion and national feelings and provoked attacks by its Sunni neighbors.

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Events Leading To The Decline Of The Safavid Empire

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Duration: 4:34
Updated: 07 May 2015

In addition to fighting its perennial enemies, their arch rival the Ottomans and the Uzbeks as the 17th century progressed, Iran had to contend with the rise of new neighbors. Russian Muscovy in the previous century had deposed two western Asian khanates of the Golden Horde and expanded its influence into Europe, the Caucasus Mountains and Central Asia. In the far eastern territories, the Mughals of India had expanded into Khorasan (now Afghanistan) at the expense of Iranian control, briefly taking Qandahar. More importantly, the Dutch East India company and later English/British used their superior means of maritime violence to control trade routes in the western Indian ocean. As a result, Iran was cut off from overseas links to East Africa, the Arabian peninsula, and South Asia. But overland trade between Iran and South Asia grew. Many Indian merchants established a permanent presence in Iran and moved into Russia from the mid-seventeenth century. Iran was also able to further develop its overland trade with North and Central Europe during the second half of the seventeenth century. In the late seventeenth century, Iranian merchants established a permanent presence as far north as Narva on the Baltic sea, in what now is Estonia. The Dutch and English were still able to drain the Iranian government of much of its precious metal supplies. Except for Shah Abbas II, the Safavid rulers after Abbas I were therefore rendered ineffectual, and the Iranian government declined and finally collapsed when a serious military threat emerged on its eastern border in the early eighteenth century. The end of the reign of Abbas II, 1666, thus marked the beginning of the end of the Safavid dynasty. Despite falling revenues and military threats, later shahs had lavish lifestyles. Sultan Husayn (1694--1722) in particular was known for his love of wine and disinterest in governance. The country was repeatedly raided on its frontiers—Kerman by Baloch tribes in 1698, Khorasan by the Hotakis in 1717, constantly in Mesopotamia by peninsula Arabs. Sultan Hosein tried to forcibly convert his Afghan subjects in Qandahar from Sunni to the Shi'a sect of Islam. In response, a Ghilzai Afghan chieftain named Mir Wais Hotak revolted and killed Gurgin Khan, the Safavid governor of the region, along with his army. In 1722, an Afghan army led by Mir Wais' son Mahmud advanced on the heart of the empire and defeated the government forces at the Battle of Gulnabad. He then besieged the capital of Isfahan, until Shah Sultan Husayn abdicated and acknowledged him as the new king of Persia. The tribal Afghans rode roughshod over their conquered territory for seven years but were prevented from making further gains by Nader Shah, a former slave who had risen to military leadership within the Afshar tribe in Khorasan, a vassal state of the Safavids. Quickly making name as a military genius both feared and respected amongst its friends and enemies (including Persia's arch rival the Ottoman Empire, and Russia; both empires Nader would deal with soon afterwards), Nader Shah easily defeated the Ghilzai Hotaki forces in the 1729 Battle of Damghan. He had removed them from power and banished them out of Persia, and in 1738 conquered their last stronghold in Qandahar; in the same year, in need of fortune to aid his military careers against his Ottoman and Russian imperial rivals, he started his invasion of the wealthy but weak Mughal Empire, occupying Ghazni, Kabul, Lahore, and as far as Delhi, in India, when he completely humiliated and looted the military inferior Mughals. These cities were later inherited by his Abdali Afghan military commander, Ahmad Shah Durrani. Nadir had effective control under Shah Tahmasp II and then ruled as regent of the infant Abbas III until 1736 when he had himself crowned shah. Immediately after Nadir Shah's assassination in 1747, the Safavids were re-appointed as shahs of Iran in order to lend legitimacy to the nascent Zand dynasty. However the brief puppet regime of Ismail III ended in 1760 when Karim Khan felt strong enough to take nominal power of the country as well and officially end the Safavid dynasty.

wn.com/Events Leading To The Decline Of The Safavid Empire

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Why Did The Safavid Empire Ally With The Mughal Empire?

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Duration: 1:19
Updated: 07 May 2015

Almost simultaneously with the emergence of the Safavid Empire, another Muslim society was developing in South-Asia. The Mughal Empire, which ruled a largely Hindu population, adhered to Sunni Islam. But a common foe, in the Uzbeks, would eventually lead the two empires closer together. During the reign of Tahmasp, Shah Humayun of Mughal Hindustan found himself in a desperate situation, with devastating wars being fought against the Afghans and the Uzbeks and Humayuns brother, Kamran, attempting a coup d'état. Having to flee from city to city, Humayun eventually sought refuge at the court of Tahmasp. Tahmasp, who refused to hand him over to his brother, greeted Humayun at his court in Qazvin as the true emperor of the Mughal dynasty, despite the fact that Humayun had been living in exile for more than fifteen years. After converting to Shia Islam, Tahmasp offered him military assistans to fight off the revolts in return for Kandahar, which had for long been a battle ground between the two empires, and a combined Persian-Mughal force managed to seize Kandahar and occupy Kabul. This eventually led to strong ties between the Safavids and the Mughals, and they persisted, almost unabated, throughout the history of the Safavid dynasty.

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What Iran Owes Safavid Shah Tahmasp

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Duration: 3:12
Updated: 07 May 2015

When Shah Tahmasp entered the throne at a young age, Persia was in a dire state. But despite of a weak economy, a civil war and wars being fought on two fronts, Tahmasp had managed to maintain his position as the shah. During the first 30 years of his long reign, he had managed to suppress the internal divisions, slowly elevate the strength of the military to a level that finally led to the retreat of the Ottomans during the fourth war in 1533, and, in 1553, even wage a campaign against the Ottomans. This resulted in the peace treaty of Amasya, a treaty that favoured the Persians and secured Tabriz and the North-Western borders. Some years before, in 1528, he had also converted an unfavorable war against the Uzbeks, at the battle of Jam, into a victory by the Persians. Starting with Tahmasp a new policy was created as well, namely the introduction of extremely large amounts of Caucasian elements into the Persian society, who would continue to play a crucial role in Persia's royal household, Harem and in the civil and military administration. These Caucasian elements consisted of huge amounts of mostly Georgians, Circassians and Armenians, gained mostly by conquest and slave trade (like with the Ottomans). This policy would grow even more significantly under Tahmasp' successors (most notably Shah Abbas I), and would last up to the Qajar Dynasty. When Shah Tahmasp's throne was overtaken by his successor, Persia was in a calm state, with secure borders and cordial relations with the neighbours to both east and west. What remained unchanged, was the decentralized power structure of the government, and that would not change until the throne was overtaken by his grandson, Shah Abbas. After the death of Tahmāsp in 984/1576, the struggle for a dominant position in the state flared up again and was complicated by rival groups and factions. Dominant political factions vied for power and support three different candidates. The mentally unstable Ismāil, the son of Tahmāsp and the purblind Muhammad Khudābanda were some of the candidates but did not get the support of all the Qizilbāsh chiefs. The Turkmen Ustājlū tribe, one of the most powerful tribes among the Qizilbāsh, threw its support behind Haydar, who was of a Georgian mother, but the majority of the Qizilbāsh chiefs saw this as a threat to their own, Turkmen-dominated power. Instead, they first placed Ismāil II. on the throne (1576--77) and after him Muhammad Shāh Khudābanda (1578--88). In addition, Tahmasp must be credited for the revival of the fine arts, which flourished under his patronage and were brought to the pitch of perfection. Safavid culture is often admired for the large-scale city planning and architecture, achievements made during the reign of later shahs, but the arts of persian miniature, book-binding and calligraphy, in fact, never received as much attention as they did during his time.

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Güntay Gencalp - Səfəvi Tarixinin Yapısökümü

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Duration: 40:50
Updated: 04 Sep 2014
author: İnsan Haqları

Safevi Tarihinin Yapısökümü (Deconstructing history of Safavid dynasty) - GünazTv June.11.2014 Yalanlama واسازی / ساختارشکنی تاریخ صفویان - گونتای گنج آلپ - ...

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Society And Organization Within The Safavid Empire

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Duration: 26:07
Updated: 10 Apr 2015

A proper term for the Safavid society is what we today can call a meritocracy, meaning a society in which officials were appointed on the basis of worth and merit, and not on the basis of birth. It was certainly not an oligarchy, nor was it an aristocracy. Sons of nobles were considered for the succession of their fathers as a mark of respect, but they had to prove themselves worthy of the position. This system avoided an entrenched aristocracy or a cast society. There even are numerous recorded accounts of laymen that rose to high official posts, as a result of their merits. Nevertheless, the Persian society during the Safavids was that of a hierarchy, with the Shah at the apex of the hierarchical pyramid, the common people, merchants and peasants at the base, and the aristocrats in between. The term dowlat, which in modern Persian means "government", was then an abstract term meaning "bliss" or "felicity", and it began to be used as concrete sense of the Safavid state, reflecting the view that the people had of their ruler, as someone elevated above humanity. Also among the aristocracy, in the middle of the hierarchical pyramid, were the religious officials, who, mindful of the historic role of the religious classes as a buffer between the ruler and his subjects, usually did their best to shield the ordinary people from oppressive governments. The customs and culture of the people Jean Chardin devoted a whole chapter in his book to describing the Persian character, which apparently fascinated him greatly. As he spent a large bulk of his life in Persia, he involved himself in, and took part in, their everyday rituals and habits, and eventually acquired intimate knowledge of their culture, customs and character. He admired their consideration towards foreigners, but he also stumbled upon characteristics that he found challenging. His descriptions of the public appearance, clothes and customs are corroborated by the miniatures, drawings and paintings from that time which have survived. As he describes them: Their imagination is animated, quick and fruitful. Their memory is free and prolific. They are very favorably drawn to the sciences, the liberal and mechanical arts. Their temperament is open and leans towards sensual pleasure and self-indulgence, which makes them pay little attention to economy or business. He then goes on: They are very philosophical over the good and bad things in life and about expectations for the future. They are little tainted with avarice, desiring only to acquire in order to spend. They love to enjoy what is to hand and they refuse nothing which contributes to it, having no anxiety about the future which they leave to providence and fate. But as he also experienced: ...the Persians are dissembling, shamelessly deceitful and the greatest flatterers in the world, using great deception and insolence. They lack good faith in business dealings, in which they cheat so adeptly that one is always taken in. Hypocrisy is the usual disguise in which they proceed. They say their prayers and perform their rituals in the most devout manner. They hold the wisest and most pious conversation of which they are capable. And although they are naturally inclined to humanity, hospitality, mercy and other worldly goods, nevertheless, they do not cease feigning in order to give the semblance of being much better than they really are. It is however no question, from reading Chardin's descriptions of their manners, that he considered them to be a well educated and well behaved people, who certainly knew the strict etiquettes of social intercourse. As he describes them, “ The Persians are the most civilized of the peoples of the East, and what the French are to Europe, they are to the Orient... Their bearing and countenance is the best-composed, mild, serious, impressive, genial and welcoming as far as possible. They never fail to perform at once the appropriate gestures of politeness when meeting each other... They are the most wheedling people in the world, with the most engaging manners, the most supple spirits and a language that is gentle and flattering, and devoid of unpleasant terms but rather full of circumlocutions. ” Unlike Europeans, they much disliked physical activity, and were not in favor of exercise for its own sake, preferring the leisure of repose and luxuries that life could offer.

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Islam: Empire of Faith

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Duration: 160:05
Updated: 11 Aug 2014
author: Enes Ugur

Islam: Empire of Faith is a documentary series, made in 2000, that details the history of Islam, from the birth of the Islamic Prophet, Muhammad to the Ottom...

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Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Mission: Rebel Mountain Stronghold HD

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Duration: 21:30
Updated: 19 Dec 2014

Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Mission: Rebel Mountain Stronghold HD Situation: General Haatim Jaareah Bin Shamim Kalb and his remaining loyalist rebel troops have fled to an ancient Safavid Dynasty–era stronghold in the mountains. Captured Delta Operative Six One is being ransomed for immunity against prosecution. Three Soviet ZU-23 anti-aircraft guns have been placed in the city surrounding the fortress, preventing any potential air assault. SUMMARY OF MISSION: Rebel General Haatim Jaareah Bin Shamim Kalb and his remaining rebel troops have fled to a medieval stronghold near Yasuj and are holding a Delta Operative hostage. Delta will insert via Black Hawk, navigate the fortress city, and attempt to rescue the hostage. You must disable all air defenses before the hostage can be extracted. Once he is secured, infiltrate the stronghold itself and eliminate the general. Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Mission 1, Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre playthrough, Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Walkthrough, Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre gameplay Walkthrough, Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Gameplay, Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough, today Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough, this week Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough, today Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre, this week Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Let's Play no commentary Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Walkthrough no commentary Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Gameplay no commentary Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre playthrough no commentary Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough, today Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough, this week Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough, today Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough, this week Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre Campaign no commentary "Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough " "Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre lets play " "Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre let's play " "Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre walkthrough" "Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre playthrough" "Delta Force Black Hawk Down Team Sabre gameplay" ►ＳＵＢＳＣＲＩＢＥ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCx8o9yN0F3zkjaQYfZyolyQ?sub_confirmation=1

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Jolfa in Isfahan - Armenian Churches and Armenians in Iran

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Duration: 30:04
Updated: 28 Aug 2014
author: iraninfo

New Julfa is the Armenian quarter of Isfahan, Iran, located along the south bank of the river Zayandeh River. In 1606 it was established as an Armenian quart...

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Iran Is NOT The Problem

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Duration: 77:11
Updated: 05 Aug 2014
author: Kit Kirja

https://www.facebook.com/groups/John.Rand.Group/permalink/244422415685435/ SEE MORE AT ; https://www.facebook.com/groups/Shanghai.Cooperation.Organization/ A...

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How Turks Converted Iran To Shia Islam

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Duration: 22:36
Updated: 16 Jan 2015

The Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunnism to Shiism made Iran the spiritual bastion of Shia Islam against the onslaughts of Sunni Islam, and the repository of Persian cultural traditions and self-awareness of Iranianhood, acting as a bridge to modern Iran. It also ensured the dominance of the Twelver sect within Shiism over the Zaydiyyah and Ismaili sects – each of whom had previously experienced their own eras of dominance within Shiism. Through their actions, the Safavids reunified Iran as an independent state in 1501 and established Twelver Shiism as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. Iran’s population was mostly Sunni of the Shafi`i and Hanafi legal rites until the triumph of the Safavids (who had initially been Shafi`i Sufis themselves). Ironically, this was to the extent that up until the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire (the most powerful and prominent Sunni state and future arch-enemy of the Shia Safavids) used to send many of its Ulema (Islamic scholars) to Iran to further their education in Sunni Islam, due to a lack of Madrasahs (Islamic schools) within the Empire itself. The Sunni Iranians had always held the family of Muhammad in high esteem. In contrast, before the Safavid period, a minority of Iranians were Shia and there had been relatively few Shia Ulema in Iran. From 1500–2 Ismail I conquered Tabriz in Iran, as well as Azerbaijan. He would take most of the next decade to consolidate his control over Iran, where most of the Persian population was still Sunni. His army spread out first to the central regions in 1504. He captured southwestern Iran between 1505 and 1508 before finally conquering the Khorasan region and the city of Herat in 1510. From the very beginning, the Safavid Dynasty was established on two foundations. One was Shia and the other was Persia, and Ismail concentrated more on the first than the second. His hatred of the Sunnis knew no bounds: he was the most intolerant Shia ruler since the fall of the Fatimids and his persecution of Sunnis was ruthless. He aimed at no less than the complete destruction of Sunnism. Thus, the alternative for the majority of the Persians (who were Sunnis at the time), was either convert to Shiism or accept death. Consequently, in the territory that came fully under his control, he was astonishingly successful in enforcing the conversion of the populace from Sunnism to Shiism. Reasons for Ismail’s conversion policy More than most Muslim dynasties the Safavids worked for conversion to their branch of Islam and for ideological conformity. The reasons for this conversion policy included: One of the main reasons why Ismail and his followers pursued such a severe conversion policy was to give Iran and the Safavid lands as distinct and unique an identity as was possible compared to its two neighboring Sunni Turkish military and political enemies, the Ottoman Empire and, for a time, the Central Asian Uzbeks — to the west and north-east respectively. The Safavids were engaged in a lengthy struggle with the Ottomans — including numerous wars between the two dynasties — and this struggle continuously motivated the Safavids to create a more cohesive Iranian identity to counter the Ottoman threat and possibility of a fifth-column within Iran among its Sunni subjects. The conversion was part of the process of building a territory that would be loyal to the state and its institutions, thus enabling the state and its institutions to propagate their rule throughout the whole territory. Ismail consolidated his rule over the country and launched a thorough and at times brutal campaign to convert the majority Sunni population to Twelver Shiism and thus transform the religious landscape of Iran.

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Origin of Kurds & History of Struggle in Iraq (Documentary & Archive Clips)

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Duration: 38:47
Updated: 11 Aug 2014

Kurds are a group related to Europeans in Linguistics and DNA. During the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Treaty of Sevres outlined the creation of a Kurdish Nation in present day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. ( Due to Kemal Ataturk's military revival and formation of modern Turkey, Treaty of Lausanne supersedes Sevres and failed to mention Kurdistan. While today's Kurdish parties formed post-WWII, the Kurdish struggle for Independence began long before. Kurdistan Region has historically hosted wars between the Iranian Empires and Roman Empires, and the Ottoman Empire. During Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire, The Kizilbash (occupying borders between Iran and Turkey) and of probably Kurdish origin, identified with the Safavid Empire and rebelled against the Ottomans. This video covers the identity and origin of the Kurdish people, and their struggle for independence in Iraq dating back to Mustafa Barzani and the Pahlavi Dynasty. Including during the Iran-Iraq war, and Chemical Weapons attack on Halabja. Ethnically: "Discoveries from Kurdish Looms" by Robert D. Biggs, Mary & Leigh Block Gallery: "Ethnically the Kurds are an Iranian people Iraq After the Muslim Conquest p.265: '...Kurdish presence in Iraq was merely an extension of their presence in Western Iran' Iraq After the Muslim Conquest p.265: 'Iranian groups in foothills/mountains of Zagros were called Kurds at that time' E. J. van Donzel: "Kurds are Iranian people who live mainly at the junction of Turkey, Iran Iraq, Syria & Transcaucasia". John Limbert: "..The historic road from Baghdad to Hamadan and beyond divides the Kurds from their Iranian cousins, the Lurs" Case of the Bronze Age by Carl C. Lamberg-Karlovsky: Iranian people belong to the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) community which is ancestral to the Celtic, Italic (including Romance), Germanic, Baltic, Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Albanian, Armenian, Greek, and Tocharian languages. There is an agreement that the PIE community split into 2 major groups. One headed west for Europe and became speakers of Indo-European (all the languages of modern Europe save for Basque, Hungarian, and Finnish) while others headed east for Eurasia to become Indo-Iranians. The Indo-Iranians were a community that spoke a common language prior to their branching off into the Iranian and Indo-Aryan languages. Iranian refers to various Iranian people such as Persian, Laki, Luri, Baluchi, and Dari speakers. Indo-Aryan: Sanskrit, Hindi and its many related languages. As noted in these academic sources: 1. http://fr.academic.ru/pictures/frwiki/73/IndoEuropeanTree.svg 2.http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/familytree.shtml

wn.com/Origin Of Kurds History Of Struggle In Iraq (Documentary Archive Clips)

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Who Is Nader Shah?

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Duration: 20:10
Updated: 18 Jan 2015

Nāder Shāh Afshār or Nadir Shah (Persian: نادر شاه افشار‎; also known as Nāder Qoli Beg - نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khān - تهماسپ قلی خان) (November, 1688 or August 6, 1698 – June 19, 1747) ruled as Shah of Iran (1736–47) and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty which briefly became one of the most powerful Persian dynasties in Iranian history. Because of his military genius as evidenced in numerous martial encounters throughout the Naderian Wars such as the battles of Herat, Mihmandust, Murche-Khort, Agh-Darband, Baghavard, Kheibar pass, Karnal & Kars, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander. Nader Shah was a member of the Turkic Afshar tribe of northern Persia, which had supplied military power to the Safavid state since the time of Shah Ismail I. Nader rose to power during a period of anarchy in Iran after a rebellion by the Hotaki Afghans had overthrown the weak Shah Sultan Husayn, and both the arch enemy of the Safavids, the Ottomans, and the Russians had seized Persian territory for themselves. Nader reunited the Persian realm and removed the invaders. He became so powerful that he decided to depose the last members of the Safavid dynasty, which had ruled Iran for over 200 years, and become shah himself in 1736. His numerous campaigns created a great empire that briefly encompassed what is now part of or includes Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the North Caucasus, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, North India, Oman and the Persian Gulf, but his military spending had a ruinous effect on the Persian economy. Nader idolized Genghis Khan and Timur, the previous conquerors from Central Asia. He imitated their military prowess and — especially later in his reign — their cruelty. His victories during the Naderian Wars briefly made him West Asia's most powerful sovereign but his empire quickly disintegrated after he was assassinated in 1747. Nader Shah has been described as "the last great Asian military conqueror". Nader Shah was born in the fortress of Dastgerd into the Qereqlu clan of the Afshars, a semi-nomadic Qizilbash tribe settled in the northern valleys of Khorasan, a province in the north-east of the Persian Empire. His father, Emam Qoli, was a herdsman who may also have been a camel driver and coatmaker. He died while Nader was still young. According to legends, Nader and his mother were carried off as slaves by marauding Uzbek or Turkmen tribesmen, but Nader managed to escape. He joined a band of brigands while still a boy and eventually became their leader. Under the patronage of Afshar chieftains, he rose through the ranks to become a powerful military figure. Nader married the two daughters of Baba Ali Beg, a local chief. Fall of the Safavid dynasty Nader grew up during the final years of the Safavid dynasty which had ruled Iran since 1502. At its peak, under such figures as Abbas the Great, Safavid Persia had been a powerful empire, but by the early 18th century the state was in serious decline and the reigning shah, Sultan Husayn, was a weak ruler. When Sultan Husayn attempted to quell a rebellion by the Ghilzai Afghans in Kandahar, the governor he sent (Gurgin Khan) was killed. Under their leader Mahmud Hotaki, the rebellious Afghans moved westwards against the shah himself and in 1722 they defeated a force at the Battle of Gulnabad and then besieged the capital, Isfahan. After the shah failed to escape to rally a relief force elsewhere, the city was starved into submission and Sultan Husayn abdicated, handing power to Mahmud. In Khorasan, Nader at first submitted to the local Afghan governor of Mashhad, Malek Mahmud, but then rebelled and built up his own small army. Sultan Husayn's son had declared himself Shah Tahmasp II, but found little support and fled to the Qajar tribe, who offered to back him. Meanwhile, Persia's imperial rivals, the Ottomans and the Russians, took advantage of the chaos in the country to seize territory for themselves. Fall of the Hotaki dynasty Tahmasp and the Qajar leader Fath Ali Khan (the ancestor of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar) contacted Nader and asked him to join their cause and drive the Ghilzai Afghans out of Khorasan. He agreed and thus became a figure of national importance. When Nader discovered that Fath Ali Khan was in treacherous correspondence with Malek Mahmud and revealed this to the shah, Tahmasp executed him and made Nader the chief of his army instead. Nader subsequently took on the title Tahmasp Qoli (Servant of Tahmasp). In late 1726, Nader recaptured Mashhad.

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THE HISTORY OF THE TURKISH AND OTTOMAN EMPIRE - Discovery History Ancient Culture (full documentary)

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Duration: 90:21
Updated: 24 Jan 2014

the history of the turkish and ottoman empire (full documentary). thanks for watching. history life discovery science technology tech learning education national nature geographic earth planet channel universe culture ancient civilization civilisation greek roman egypt egyptian archaeology medieval middle ages turkey turkish monarchy discoveries art museum

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All About - Abbas I of Persia (Extended)

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Duration: 41:52
Updated: 19 Dec 2014

What is Abbas I of Persia? A documentary report all about Abbas I of Persia for homework/assignment. Shāh 'Abbās the Great (or Shāh 'Abbās I) () (27 January 1571 – 19 January 1629) was the 5th Safavid Shah Emperor of Iran, and generally considered the greatest ruler of the Safavid dynasty. He was the third son of Shah Mohammad. Intro/Outro music: Discovery Hit/Chucky the Construction Worker - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under CC-BY-3.0 Text derived from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia Text to Speech powered by voice-rss.com Images are Public Domain or CC-BY-3.0: 1280px-Abbas_II_of_Persia_and_the_Mughal_ambassador.jpeg from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abbas_II_of_Persia_and_the_Mughal_ambassador.jpeg 230px-ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia Abbas_II_of_Persia_and_the_Mughal_ambassador.jpeg from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abbas_II_of_Persia_and_the_Mughal_ambassador.jpeg Shah_Abbas_Horse.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer_and_engraver.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia 220px-Abbas_II_of_Persia.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_II_of_Persia Shah_Abbas_I_and_Vali_Muhammad_Khan.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia Sir_Robert_Shirley_by_Anthony_Van_Dyck_1622_Rome.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia 220px-Abbas_I_of_Persia.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teimuraz_I_of_Kakheti Shah_Abbas.jpg from http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2

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All About - Ismail I (Extended)

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Duration: 23:34
Updated: 04 Mar 2015

What is Ismail I? A documentary report all about Ismail I for homework/assignment. Ismail I, (July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), known in Persian as Shāh Ismāʿil, (; full name: Abū l-Muzaffar bin Haydar as-Safavī), was Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavid dynasty which survived until 1736. Isma'il started his campaign inIranian Azerbaijan in 1500 as the leader of the Safaviyya, a Twelver Shia militant religious order, and unified all of Iran by 1509. Born in Ardabil in Northwestern Iran, he reigned as Shah Ismail I of Iran from 1501 to 1524. Intro/Outro music: Discovery Hit/Chucky the Construction Worker - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under CC-BY-3.0 Text derived from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I Text to Speech powered by voice-rss.com Images are Public Domain or CC-BY-3.0: Shah_Ismail_I.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I Shah_Ismail.JPG from http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I. Shah_Ismail_Hatayi.jpg from http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._%C4%B0smail The_Battle_between_Shah_Ismail_and_Shaybani_Khan.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I 200px-Shah_Ismail.JPG from http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I 220px-Shah_esmaeil01.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I 1541-Battle_in_the_war_between_Shah_Isma'il_and_the_King_of_Shirvan-Shahnama-i-Isma'il.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_I 375px-Shah_Ismail_I.jpg from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shah_Ismail_I.jpg 187px-Shah_Ismail_I.jpg from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shah_Ismail_I.jpg Ismail_Qemali.jpg from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Qemali

wn.com/All About Ismail I (Extended)

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The Transnational Mosque: Architecture and Historical Memory in the Contemporary Middle East

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Duration: 22:24
Updated: 18 Feb 2015

Professor Kishwar Rizvi is an historian of Islamic art and architecture. She has written on representations of religious and imperial authority in Safavid Iran, as well as on issues of gender, nationalism, and religious identity in modern Iran and Pakistan. She is the author of The Safavid Dynastic Shrine: History, Religion and Architecture in Early Modern Iran, and the editor of Modernism and the Middle East: Architecture and Politics in the 20th Century. We talk with Professor Rizvi about her new book project, The Transnational Mosque: Architecture and Historical Memory in the Contemporary Middle East.

wn.com/The Transnational Mosque Architecture And Historical Memory In The Contemporary Middle East

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The Life And Death Of Humayun

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Duration: 26:27
Updated: 17 Aug 2015

Humayun (Persian: نصیر الدین محمد همایون‎; OS 7 March 1508 – OS 27 January 1556) was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1531–1540 and again from 1555–1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but regained it with the aid of the Safavid dynasty of Persia, with additional territory. At the time of his death in 1556, the Mughal empire spanned almost one million square kilometers. Humayun succeeded his father in 1531, as ruler of the Mughal territories in the Indian subcontinent. At the age of 23, Humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power. His half-brother Kamran Mirza inherited Kabul and Lahore, the more northern parts of their father's empire. Mirza was to become a bitter rival of Humayun. Humayun lost Mughal territories to the Pashtun noble, Sher Shah Suri, and, with Persian(Safavid) aid, regained them 15 years later. Humayun's return from Persia was accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen and signaled an important change in Mughal court culture. The Central Asian origins of the dynasty were largely overshadowed by the influences of Persian art, architecture, language and literature. There are many stone carvings and thousands of Persian manuscripts in India dating from the time of Humayun. Subsequently, in a very short time, Humayun was able to expand the Empire further, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, Akbar. His peaceful personality, patience and non-provocative methods of speech earned him the title ’Insān-i-Kamil (Perfect Man), among the Mughals Babur's decision to divide the territories of his empire between two of his sons was unusual in India although it had been a common Central Asian practice since the time of Genghis Khan. Unlike most monarchies which practised primogeniture, the Timurids, following Genghis Khan's example, did not leave an entire kingdom to the eldest son. Although under that system only a Chingissid could claim sovereignty and khanal authority, any male Chinggisid within a given sub-branch (such as the Timurids) had an equal right to the throne. While Genghis Khan's Empire had been peacefully divided between his sons upon his death, almost every Chinggisid succession since had resulted in fratricide. Timur himself had divided his territories among Pir Muhammad, Miran Shah, Khalil Sultan and Shah Rukh, which resulted in inter-family warfare. Upon Babur's death, Humayun's territories were the least secure. He had ruled only four years, and not all umarah (nobles) viewed Humayun as the rightful ruler. Indeed earlier, when Babur had become ill, some of the nobles had tried to install his uncle, Mahdi Khwaja, as ruler. Although this attempt failed, it was a sign of problems to come.

wn.com/The Life And Death Of Humayun

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Christopher Hitchens on Iran, Al Gore, Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger (1988)

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Duration: 85:03
Updated: 22 Aug 2014
author: The Book Archive

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in native...

wn.com/Christopher Hitchens On Iran, Al Gore, Richard Nixon And Henry Kissinger (1988)

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Nader Shah

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Duration: 20:36
Updated: 15 Nov 2014

wn.com/Nader Shah

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ULU OZANLAR:ŞAH HATAYİ

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Duration: 39:51
Updated: 24 Jul 2014
author: Hasan ÇELİK

Pîr ve mürşidler (dedeler) yedi büyük ozandan birisi olan Hatâyî'den cemlerde sıkça söz ederler. Zâkir ve âşıklar onun deyiş, nefes ve düvâz-imâmlarını okurl...

wn.com/Ulu Ozanlar Şah Hatayi

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The Black Persians - The Ancient Persians Were Black

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Duration: 24:14
Updated: 18 Jul 2015

In the ancient times, black people were not confined only to Africa, they were all around the world. The ancient Persians were indeed black, they had Afro-textured hair (curly hair and curly beard), this is proved by their only painted reliefs that are from the Darius palace at Susa, all the immortal guards of Darius and Persian sphinxes are depicted curly-haired, curly-bearded and BLACK-skinned. The modern light-skinned people of Iran are mostly Azerbaijanis who are a Turkic people and call themselves Turks; many of now-non-Turkic people of Iran who call themselves Persian, like people of Isfahan, have had Turkic ancestors; people of Isfahan have the same haplogroups as the people of Azerbaijan (don't forget that Isfahan was the capital of Safavid dynasty who were Azerbaijani Turks). In Fars, there are a nomadic Turkic people called Qashqai, many of them have been assimilated to the native Farsi-speaking people since 90 years ago (because Farsi has been the only official language in Iran ever since) and now call themselves Persian; even today there are almost 500,000 qashqais. Other light-skinned Iranians like Bakhtiaris, Lurs, Kurdish people, Gilaks and Mazandaranis are not Persian either, they are amalgamations of many different people like Parthians (a Scythian tribe), people of Caucasus, Turkic people and native people of Iran. Just because the MODERN people of a region are light-skinned, does not mean/prove that all the ANCIENT people of that region were also light-skinned. Thanks for watching.

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photo: Via YouTube

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Glass walkway suspended 3,540 feet above ground cracks under tourists' feet

Mashable

06 Oct 2015

A section of a new glass-bottomed walkway at Yuntai Mountain Geological Park in Henan Province, China, cracked at around 5 p.m. Monday afternoon, causing the tourists on it to understandably freak out. Lee Dong Hai, a tourist who was on the walkway, posted on the social media site Weibo. “I was almost at the end and suddenly I heard a sound. My foot shook a little. I looked down and I saw that there was a crack in the floor." ... 10, 2015 ... ....

photo: AP / Scott Roth/Invision/AP

Uzo Aduba and Rosie O'Donnell attend Netflix's "Orange Is The New Black" Season 2 premiere at the Ziegfeld Theatre on Thursday, May 15, 2014, in New York.

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Rosie O'Donnell's daughter speaks out against her

CBS News

07 Oct 2015

Chelsea O'Donnell first made headlines when she was reported missing by her mother ... ....

photo: White House / Robert Knudsen

File - President John F. Kennedy and Mrs. Kennedy greet Fredric March during a dinner for Nobel Prize winners of the Western Hemisphere, in the East Room of the White House, 29 April, 1962.

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JFK: declassified documents reveal a cunning and cagey president

The Guardian

07 Oct 2015

Back channels to the Soviets, the ‘girlfriend system’ and doubts about LBJ. historian Timothy Naftali paints a portrait of a President Kennedy ‘far more interesting intellectually and far less appealing personally’. @alanyuhas ... Related. The Letters of John F Kennedy edited by Martin W Sandler; JFK's Last Hundred Days by Thurston Clarke; Who Killed Kennedy? by Matthew Smith; My Kennedy Years by Jacques Lowe – review ... “And that’s fine.” ... ....

photo: USAF / Tech. Sgt. Robert Cloys

File - President Barack Obama greets Pope Francis at Joint Base Andrews, Md., Sept. 22, 2015. This marks the first visit by the current pope to the United States.

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Nobel Peace Prize 2015: Likely contenders

CNN

08 Oct 2015

(CNN)The 2015 Nobel Peace Prize remains shrouded in secrecy before Friday's announcement of the winner, but that doesn't stop the annual guessing game about who is in the running. The Norwegian Nobel Committee, which chooses the laureate, does not name those nominated for 50 years ... "Information in the Nobel Committee's nomination database is not made public until after fifty years." ... 1. German Chancellor Angela Merkel ... Read more ... Nein. 2 ... 3....

photo: AP

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The Latest: Russian warships in Caspian Sea targeting IS

Austin American Statesman

07 Oct 2015

The latest developments after Syrian troops, emboldened by Russian airstrikes, launch a ground offensive against insurgents (all times local). __. 2.40 p.m.A Russian warship passes through the Bosphorus, in Istanbul, en route to the Mediterranean Sea, Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2015 ... (AP Photo). Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu says Russia is using warships in the Caspian Sea to target the Islamic State group in Syria ... ___. 2.30 p.m ... 6, 2015 ... ....

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The city that's 'half the world'

China Daily

25 May 2015

"Esfahan," an admiring French poet once declared, echoing a local saying, "is half the world." ... It flourished from 1050 to 1722, particularly in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty, when Abbas made it Persia's capital for the second time ... ....

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Take it to the bridge: the Tehran architect striking the right chord in Iran and beyond

The Guardian

20 Apr 2015

Leila Araghian was 26 when she came up with Tabiat bridge. Five years on, the 270-metre structure is a reality, despite sanctions, garnering awards and paving the way for a new, more avant garde generation of Iranian designers ... Isfahan, Iran’s top tourist destination and a former capital of Persia, boasts two spectacular bridges from the 16th century Safavid dynasty when the city was at the centre of Islamic art and culture ... ....

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Sunni v Shia: why the conflict is more political than religious

The Guardian

05 Apr 2015

Across the Middle East, sectarianism has always been linked to the battle for power, resources and territory. A Shia supporter shouts slogans during a Hezbollah meeting in Beirut ... Related ... In Bahrain, the Sunni Al Khalifa dynasty rules over a Shia majority denied its rightful place in the system, but Manama blames Tehran for fomenting unrest ... Iranians are scorned as “Safawis”, a pejorative reference to the 16th-century Safavid dynasty ... ....

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Skateboarding in Iran

Press TV

09 Mar 2015

... to spend a day at a historic caravanserai dating back to some 400 years ago when Safavid dynasty was ruling over Iran....

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Iran's window of influence in Yemen is getting bigger

Business Insider

02 Feb 2015

After Ali was assassinated in the seventh century, the Umayyad Dynasty arose and separated religious authority from political authority ... This view persisted during the Safavid dynasty, which established Shia Islam as the official religion of the area that would become modern Iran....

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Islamic State and the Internationalization of the Syrian and Iraqi Civil Wars>

Huffington Post

25 Jan 2015

The rise of the Safavid dynasty in Persia, today's Iran, in 1501, led to the establishment of the Shia branch of Islam as the official religion of the Safavid-Persian Empire. The Safavid dynasty was not the first Shia ruler of Persia, nor was it the first Shia ruler in the Muslim world ... Iran, which had emerged from the Qajar dynasty of the historic Persian Empire, had under the Pahlavi dynasty styled itself a modern secular state....

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‘History of Persian Literature’ published in Istanbul

Press TV

20 Jan 2015

In its second chapter, the book reviews the evolution of the Persian literature in post-Islamic era, which led to its ultimate parade during Tahirid and Safavid dynasties, and, particularly, Samanid Empire, which was the birthplace of Rudaki, the father of modern Persian poetry ... MM/KA/SS. ....

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My Journey to Isfahan, The City That Is 'Half of the World'>

Huffington Post

12 Jan 2015

The car ride from the airport to Isfahan, the ancient capital of the great Safavid dynasty and in its time one of the largest cities in the world, took about four hours ... Isfahan, a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site, was first mentioned in 2700-1600 BCE during the Elamite civilization but reached its peak in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty....

photo: US Army / Spc. Richard Del Vecchio

File - An Iraqi Army Soldier poses for a picture with his weapon while out on a mission in Mahmudiyah, Iraq, on March 30th, 2008.

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The crisis in Iraq: Was the rise of ISIL a surprise?

Al Jazeera

25 Dec 2014

The fall of Mosul and the quick territorial expansion of ISIL in Iraq took some by surprise. What contributed to ISIL's quick success was cooperation from local Sunni tribes and members of the traditionally secular and nationalist Baath party. This seemingly counterintuitive alliance has its rationale and deep roots in history ... Safawiya comes from the name of the Safavid dynasty that ruled Persia between the 16th and 18th centuries ... ....

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On the road with Neil MacGregor, the man who uses culture to win friends

The Guardian

07 Dec 2014

The British Museum’s director is adept at forging links where politicians have failed. As Russia’s Hermitage gains from his latest negotiations over the Parthenon marbles, one BBC journalist recalls watching past triumphs unfold ... Photograph. Dmitry Lovetsky/AP. John Wilson ... The British Museum exhibition would reveal how the roots of modern Shia Iran can be traced back to the reign of the greatest leader of the Safavid dynasty ... Topics ... ....

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November 24, 2014 Research Director Patrick Clawson Wins Iran Book Prize (Washington Institute)

noodls

24 Nov 2014

(Source. Washington Institute). Also available in ... WASHINGTON , D.C ... From the Safavids to the Qajars, which he co-wrote with Dr. Rudi Matthee and Dr. Willem Floor ... Dr ... Dr. Clawson's award-winning book is the first detailed study of Iran's monetary history from the advent of the Safavid dynasty in 1501 to the end of Qajar rule in 1925 ... Willem Floor is an independent scholar specializing in the history of Iran in the Safavid and modern ages....

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Meeting the last masters of alam, a dying art

The Guardian

04 Nov 2014

Photograph. Tehran Bureau ... Others date its creation to Safavid dynasty (AD1501-1736), when Shia Islamic art flourished ... Others date the alam to the Safavid dynasty (AD1501-1736), which ushered in a wave of vibrant Shia Islamic art. Isfahan, the Safavid capital, is the city best known for alam creations and many alam masters have lived there, including during the Safavid era of Haj Taher, who many believe took the art to its highest form....

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Foreign expert lauds Iranian hand-woven carpets

Irna

27 Aug 2014

Speaking at Kashan University on Tuesday, Peter Robert John Ford, the director of Jim Ford Carpets Limited, said Kashan’s hand-woven carpet enjoys worldwide reputation. He added Iranian hand-woven carpets are very attractive in design and pattern ... Chitsazian added that during the Safavid Dynasty the art flourished and many silk hand-woven carpets were made. Since 1997, the art has been taught in Kashan University....

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