Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here "Work" refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Nobel's choice of emphasis on "idealistic" or "ideal" (English translation) in his criteria for the Nobel Prize in Literature has led to recurrent controversy. In the original Swedish, the word idealisk translates as either "idealistic" or "ideal". In the early twentieth century, the Nobel Committee interpreted the intent of the will strictly. For this reason, they did not award certain world-renowned authors of the time such as James Joyce, Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Marcel Proust, Henrik Ibsen, and Henry James. J. R. R. Tolkien was nominated by his friend C. S. Lewis but rejected on the grounds of his "poor prose"; the prize was instead awarded to Ivo Andrić. More recently, the wording has been more liberally interpreted. Thus, the Prize is now awarded both for lasting literary merit and for evidence of consistent idealism on some significant level. In recent years, this means a kind of idealism championing human rights on a broad scale. Hence the award is now arguably more political.
A Nobel Committee is the working body responsible for the most of the work involved in selecting Nobel Prize laureates. There are five Nobel Committees, one for each Nobel Prize.
The Nobel Committees for four of the prizes, physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature, are working bodies within their prize awarding institutions, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, and the Swedish Academy. These four Nobel Committees only propose laureates, while the final decision is taken in a larger assembly: the entire academy for the prizes in physics, chemistry, and literature, and the 50 members of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for the prize in physiology or medicine.
The fifth Nobel Committee, the Norwegian Nobel Committee responsible for the Nobel Peace Prize, has a different status since it is both the working body and the deciding body for its prize.
The work involved in selecting laurates for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, is done in the same way as for the five Nobel Prizes. The corresponding committee is called the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes. This specified that annual prizes are to be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. Similarly, the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes. Since the first award in 1901, the prizes have engendered criticism and controversy.
Nobel sought to reward "those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind". One prize, he stated, should be given "to the person who shall have made the most important 'discovery' or 'invention' within the field of physics". Awards committees have historically rewarded discoveries over inventions: 77% of Nobel Prizes in physics have been given to discoveries, compared with only 23% to inventions. In addition, the scientific prizes typically reward contributions over an entire career rather than a single year.
10 People Who Don't Deserve a Nobel Peace Prize
Malala Yousafzai Nobel Peace Prize Speech
Aung San Suu Kyi Nobel Peace Prize Speech
Watch Malala Yousafzai's Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech
Martin Luther King Jr. Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
Dalai Lama Receives the Nobel Peace Prize
James Blunt "You're Beautiful" & "Bonfire Heart" - 2013 Nobel Peace Prize Concert
Nelson Mandela, Former President of South Africa and Nobel Peace Prize Winner
2009 Nobel Peace Prize Lecture by Barack Obama
President Obama's Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech from Oslo, Norway
Nobel Exec Regrets Obama Peace Prize - #NewWorldNextWeek
Rahat Fateh Ali at Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony
25 People Who Should Have Won The Nobel Peace Prize But Didn't
The Nobel Peace Prize - Stand-Up Comedy Daniel Fernandes
10 People Who Don't Deserve a Nobel Peace Prize
Malala Yousafzai Nobel Peace Prize Speech
Aung San Suu Kyi Nobel Peace Prize Speech
Watch Malala Yousafzai's Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech
Martin Luther King Jr. Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
Dalai Lama Receives the Nobel Peace Prize
James Blunt "You're Beautiful" & "Bonfire Heart" - 2013 Nobel Peace Prize Concert
Nelson Mandela, Former President of South Africa and Nobel Peace Prize Winner
2009 Nobel Peace Prize Lecture by Barack Obama
President Obama's Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech from Oslo, Norway
Nobel Exec Regrets Obama Peace Prize - #NewWorldNextWeek
Rahat Fateh Ali at Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony
25 People Who Should Have Won The Nobel Peace Prize But Didn't
The Nobel Peace Prize - Stand-Up Comedy Daniel Fernandes
AR Rahman Performance - The Nobel Peace Prize Concert 2010
Seinabo Sey - Younger - Nobel Peace Prize Consert Oslo 2014
Envy "Am I Wrong" - 2013 Nobel Peace Prize Concert
Nobel peace prize song by Tipa.
Malala Yousafzai Makes History as Youngest Nobel Peace Prize Recipient
Angelina Jordan - Nobel Peace Prize Concert
Wyclef "Wyclectic" Jean - Nobel Peace Prize Concert 2009 Part 2
Kailash Satyarthi Nobel Peace Prize Speech | Oslo : TV5 News
Jason Mraz - Beautiful Mess (Nobel Peace Prize Concert 2008)
On Paths to Freedom with Helping Hands and Guiding Feet
10 Shocking World Tragedies Of 2015
WORD WARS − Episode LXXXIV
He Named Me Malala | "One Soul" | Official HD Clip 2015
Refugee crisis exposes a bigger one for European Union [HD]
Nobel Peace Prize committee says ex-insider violated trust
Seven Days 213 The Backstepper's Apprentice
LiveLeak Code Pink demands Obama return his Nobel Peace Prize
#Getwrecked by BirdGod
Ohio Governor John Kasich Recommends to Put Mother Teresa on 10 Dollar Note
RED ALERT : OBAMA TO RECEIVE SECOND NOBEL PEACE PRIZE B/S ALERT
Former Nobel secretary says Obama prize was a mistake
Obama Nobel Peace Prize
Leymah Gbowee speech at the roundtable “Changing the world" @BPA2015
Emanuel Nomination for Nobel Peace Prize
Obama to get Another Nobel Peace Prize
Malala & Kailash Satyarthi win Nobel Peace Prize 2014
A NOBEL PEACE PRIZE NOMINATION FOR THE LOWCOUNTRY
President Barack Obama accepts Nobel Peace Prize (2009)
Obama: Nobel Peace Prize 'A Call to Action'
Obama: Nobel Peace Prize 'A Call to Action'
Read The House That Jane Built by Tanya Lee Stone Ebook PDF
Peace, They Say by Jay Nordlinger Ebook PDF
REPLAY - Revoir le discours de Malala Yousafzai pour le prix Nobel de la paix en intégralité
H.H. the Dalai Lama, Nobel Peace Prize, Norway 1989
Keynote Address: Ian Bremmer - 2014 Nobel Peace Prize Forum
Nobel Peace Prize-winner Muhammad Yunus
The Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony 2010 (without Liu Xiaobo)
Man of Peace - H.H. the Dalai Lama, Nobel Peace Prize 1989
His Holiness the Dalai Lama - 2014 Nobel Peace Prize Forum
Kailash Satyarthi, Malala Yousafzai awarded with Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Peace Prize 2010 Presentation Speech
Nobel Peace Prize Recipient: Rigoberta Menchú Interview
25th Anniversary of the Dalai Lama's Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony
Rigoberta Menchu: Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples
Keynote Address: Sister Helen Prejean - 2014 Nobel Peace Prize Forum
Featured Speaker: Steven Pinker - 2015 Nobel Peace Prize Forum
NOVEL PRIZE WINNER MALALA YOUSAFZAI FULL SPEECH
Nobel Peace Prize Announcement 2013
Aung San Suu Kyi's speech in Norway on June 16, 2012