This study addresses the relation of people to divine beings in contemporary and historical communities, as exemplified in three strands. One is a long tradition of visions of mysterious wayfarers in rural Spain who bring otherworldly news and help, including recent examples. Another treats the seeming vivification of religious images—statues, paintings, engravings, and photographs apparently exuding blood, sweat and tears in Spanish homes and churches  in the early modern period and the revival of the phenomenon throughout Europe in the twentieth century.  Of special interest is the third ...

The articles in this volume deal with the role of Christianity in the definition of European identity. Europeans often identify advanced civilizations with secularity. But religion is very much alive in other fast developing countries of the world. In Europe, nevertheless, the organized churches very much wanted to stress the Christian character of European identity, and this engendered a lively protest focusing on the perceived threat to the secular European tradition. Also, Europe is facing its greatest cultural challenge in the demand of Turkey to be admitted as a member, and in the dema...

The Book of Judith tells the story of a fictitious Jewish woman beheading the general of a powerful army to free her people. The parabolic story was set as an example of how God will help the righteous. Judith’s heroic action not only became a validating charter myth of Judaism itself but has also been appropriated by many Christian and secular groupings, and has been an inspiration for numerous literary texts and works of art. It continues to exercise its power over artists, authors and academics and is becoming a major field of research in its own right. The Sword of Judith is the first m...

In Emotion and Devotion Miri Rubin explores the craft of the historian through a series of studies of medieval religious cultures. In three original chapters she approaches the medieval figure of the Virgin Mary with the aim of unravelling meaning and experience. Hymns and miracle tales, altarpieces and sermons – a wide range of sources from many European regions – are made to reveal the creativity and richness which they elicited in medieval people, women and men, clergy and laity, people of status and riches as well as those of modest means.  

Qu'ont en commun la Chanson de Roland, le Roman de Renart, le rôle revendiqué par le comte Spencer auprès de ses neveux lors des obsèques de sa sœur, la princesse Diana, ou la place de saint Joseph dans les tables des saints siciliennes ? Cette apparente devinette pour initiés, qui ressemble à un inventaire a la Prevert, a pour solution une intéressante situation anthropologique révélée par Salvatore D'Onofrio sous l'intitulé : inceste du troisième type, ajoutant ainsi une extension nouvelle a la définition de l'inceste. 
C'est, pour le situer dans sa forme centrale, le rapport sexuel possib...

Entre la conquête du Proche‑Orient par Rome au premier siècle avant Jésus‑Christ et la fermeture des temples au quatrième siècle de l’ère chrétienne, les montagnes du Liban se couvrent de nombreux sanctuaires païens. Ces lieux de culte entre ciel et terre ont attiré l’attention des voyageurs et des savants depuis l’Antiquité : « je suis aussi monté vers le Liban depuis Byblos, à une journée de marche, après avoir appris qu’il se trouvait là un ancien temple d’Aphrodite », peut‑on lire dans le De Dea Syria, traité rédigé en grec à l’époque romaine, qui relate une visite au célèbre site d’Afq...