Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom".
The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras. The ascription is said to be based on a passage in a lost work of Herakleides Pontikos, a disciple of Aristotle. It is considered to be part of the widespread body of legends of Pythagoras of this time. "Philosopher" was understood as a word which contrasted with "sophist" (from sophoi). Traveling sophists or "wise men" were important in Classical Greece, often earning money as teachers, whereas philosophers are "lovers of wisdom" and not professionals.
The main areas of study in philosophy today include epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics.
René Descartes (French pronunciation: [ʁəne dekaʁt]; Latinized form: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day. In particular, his Meditations on First Philosophy continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Descartes' influence in mathematics is equally apparent; the Cartesian coordinate system — allowing algebraic equations to be expressed as geometric shapes in a two-dimensional coordinate system — was named after him. He is credited as the father of analytical geometry, the bridge between algebra and geometry, crucial to the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. Descartes was also one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution and has been described as an example of genius.
Michel Foucault (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl fuko]), born Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984) was a French philosopher, social theorist and historian of ideas. He held a chair at the Collège de France with the title "History of Systems of Thought," and lectured at the University at Buffalo and the University of California, Berkeley.
Foucault is best known for his critical studies of social institutions, most notably psychiatry, social anthropology of medicine, the human sciences and the prison system, as well as for his work on the history of human sexuality. His writings on power, knowledge, and discourse have been widely influential in academic circles.
In the 1960s, he was associated with structuralism, a theoretical movement in social anthropology from which he later distanced himself. He also rejected the poststructuralist and postmodernist labels later attributed to him, preferring to classify his thought as a critical history of modernity rooted in Immanuel Kant. His project was particularly influenced by Nietzsche, his "genealogy of knowledge" being a direct allusion to Nietzsche's "genealogy of morality". In a late interview he definitively stated: "I am a Nietzschean."
Plot
Arthur Dichter thinks he is dying of insomnia, but the reality is much more frightening. In this surreal puzzle film, Dichter turns from his wife to a private journal to record his deepest fears. Anna knows her husband lives in a waking nightmare where delusions and reality blend, but is powerless to help him. As Arthur's disease gives way to despair, loneliness, and alienation, he and Anna hang onto their last shred of hope. This atmospheric film explores personal identity, marital discord, and contemporary life, turning narrative and chronology inside out to find the darkest corners of the human spirit. Featuring a soundtrack from improvisational legends AMM, Art Bears, and Stephen O'Malley's Ginnungagap.
Told ya' darlin'
all along,
I was right and you were wrong.
A-pleasin' you,
so hard to do.
Cried all night long,
was beatin' through.
Can't sow wild oats
'spect to gather corn.
Can't take right
and make it wrong.
Told ya' darlin',
long time ago,
you gotta reap
what you sow, and what you sow, yeah,
is gonna make you weep,
a-some day,
a-some day,
a-some day.
Yeah, what you sow, yeah,
's gonna make you weep.
Tried to keep you
satisfied;
broke my heart,
crushed my pride.
It's all over now,
but all I see
is a lonely road
and a memory of
daily walkin'
and talkin'
'bout Joanne.
Can't ya' see,
I said, daily walkin'
and talkin'.
Can't sow wild oats
'spect to gather corn.
Can't take right
and make it wrong.
I told ya' darlin',
long time ago,
you gotta reap
what you sow, and what you sow, yeah,
gonna make you weep,
a-some day,
a-some day,
some day.
Yeah, what you sow, yeah,
gonna make you weep,
Nothing good can ever seem to last
but it's goodness that delivers us
our past nothing good can ever come of this
I'm sure but sometimes you are granted just one wish
and every now and then there'll come a time
when you are lost in your own mind
and then you'll understand just why we were put here
on this earth and why nothing good can last
nothing good can ever seem to stay
but it's great to see those great things fade away
nothing good will ever come of this
Philosophy
by Allison Crowe
Rain has always fallen silently in my mind
and its built up so high that I'll drown in my own faults
and when I stop breathing maybe I'll be taken to a place
where I can be of some use
now tell me baby, is this not like me
I can't be here now and I don't want your eyes reaching mine
I don't understand why all you had you had to leave behind
I can't stay here now
and I wish my plans were only residential
so I will tell you now that baby I am not unique
so I will empty my veins so my blood can no longer run cold
and my voice will cease shrieking so you can't disagree
I will try to fly
and if I don't make it at least I'll know that I
didn't have to watch myself fail again
well I have got to go
I can walk into the sea
and open my eyes so I can't see
and I can feel you rush in to me
and I am drowning
Tell me brother, can you not hold your hatred
Can you take your pride, in fighting life with your mind
tell me sisters, can you take the roas up high
And not make excuses and live life the way you make it?
You've got to follow a philosophy of soul
You got to hold on, you got to be strong
You got to follow a philosophy of soul
And don't you ever let it go...
Tell me mothers, tell me fathers
Can you promise
And give strength to your child
Teach them there's more to life
Then what's on in the inside
CREATE A SOUL IN THEIR SOLDIER
Told ya' darlin', all along
I was right and you were wrong
A-pleasin' you, so hard to do
Cried all night long, was beatin' through
Can't sow wild oats, 'spect to gather corn
Can't take right and make it wrong
Told ya' darlin', long time ago
You gotta reap, what you sow, and what you sow
Yeah-eah, is gonna make you weep
Some day, some day, some day
Yeah, what you sow-oh, yeah
Is gonna make you weep
Tried to keep you satisfied
Broke my heart, crushed my pride
It's all over now, but all I see
Is a lonely road, and a memory
Of daily walkin', and talkin', 'bout Joanne
Can't ya' see, I said, daily walkin', an' talkin'
Can't sow wild oats, 'spect to gather corn
Can't take right and make it wrong
I told ya' darlin', long time ago
You gotta reap, what you sow, and what you sow
Yeah-eay is gonna make you weep
A-some day, a-some day, some day
Yeah, what you sow, yeah-eay
Won?t you look up at the skyline
At the mortar block and glass
And check out the reflections in my eyes
You see they always used to be there
Even when this all was grass
And I sang and danced about a high-rise
And you were laughing at my helmet hat
Laughing at my torch
You go ahead, you can laugh all you want
I got my philosophy, keeps my feet on the ground
And I trust it like the ground
And that?s why my philosophy
It keeps me walking when I?m falling down
I see that there is evil
And I know that there is good
And the inbetweens I never understood
Won?t you look at me, I?m crazy?
But I get the job done
Yeah, I?m crazy but I get the job done
And I say, "Go ahead, you can laugh all you want
But I got my philosophy, keeps my feet on the ground
And I trust it like the ground
And that?s why my philosophy
It keeps me walking when I?m falling down"
I pushed you ?cause I loved you guys
I didn?t realize you weren?t having fun
I dragged you up the stairs and I told you to fly
You were flapping your arms, you started to cry
You were too high, oh too high
You may take this all for granted
You take the mortar, block and glass
And you forget the speech that moved the stone
But it?s really not that you can?t see
The forest for the trees
You?ve never been out in the woods alone
So you can laugh all you want to
I got my philosophy
Keeps my feet on the ground
And I love you, you?re my friend
But you got no philosophy
Won't you look up at the skyline
At the mortar, block, and glass
And check out the reflections in my eyes
See they always used to be there
Even when this was all was grass
And I sang and danced about a high-rise
And you were laughing at my helmet hat
Laughing at my torch
Go ahead and laugh all you want
I got my philosophy
And I trust it like the ground
That's why my philosophy
Keeps me walking when I'm falling down
I see that there is evil
And I know that there is good
And the in-betweens I never understood
Would you look at me I'm crazy
But I get the job done
I'm crazy but I get the job done
So go ahead and laugh all you want
I got my philosophy
And I trust it like the ground
That's why my philosophy
Keeps me walking when I'm falling down
I pushed you cause I loved you guys
I didn't realize
That you weren't having fun
And I dragged you up the stairs
And I told you to fly
You were flapping your arms
Then you started to cry, you were too high
Now you take this all for granted
You take the mortar, block, and glass
And you forget the speech that moved the stone
And it's really not that you can't see
The forest from the trees
You just never been out in the woods alone
So you can laugh all you want to
But I've got my philosophy
And I love you you're my friend
But you got no philosophy
Just like your father
Just like your mother
What sort of example do you think you're setting?
Do you talk that way to your sister?
Does cunt talk that way to your sister?
So why'd you say that?
You know you can't get away with that
You know what's coming to you now, don't you?
Coming to cunt
I just can't believe you did that
You cunt, you fucking cunt
Who do you think you are?
Who the hell do you think you are?
Who the fuck do you think you are?
You stupid fucking cunt
Do you talk that way to your sister?
Would you talk that way to your momma? Eh?
Come on, cunt, do you talk that way to your momma?
Do you talk that way to your momma?
Didn't she teach you any manners?
Look at me and say you're sorry, cunt
Cunt says sorry
Cunt's gonna say sorry
You're nothing
Cunt's nothing
Zero
Just remind yourself
Remember you're fat
Remember you're stupid
Remember you're ugly
Just like your fucking mother
Just like your fucking father
Have you got a good view?
Fat, stupid and ugly
A fat, stupid, ugly cunt
Are you remembering that?
You fucking cunt
I really can't believe you did that
You vulgar, common, coarse piece of shit
Your hanging and sick wobbly meat flab
Flabby folds your flesh
You're a disgrace
You're a total disgrace
And where's your fucking decorum?
Yes, decorum, where is your fucking decorum?
Cunt's fucking decorum
You fucking cunt
Just like your fucking mother
And just like your fucking father
See that?
What's that over there?
Yes, cunt, that's a door
I just want you to look at the door
Now I'm a really positive person
But you don't know what can happen from day to day
As you think about it in your mind
If I walked out that fucking door
And the door closed
And as it closed
It slammed shut
And no matter what you did
No matter what you fucking did
You could not open the door
And you knew you could never look into my eyes again
Hear my voice again
Feel my touch again
You're right, you know
About that door
You really shouldn't think about it
A huge mistake to fucking think about
You don't have to think about the door
It makes you feel uncomfortable
Doesn't it?
I know it does
You don't have to feel like that
It's distressing
It's really distressing
A terrible think happened
My friend was stabbed in the street
By some drunk
Dead before he arrived at the hospital
Wouldn't it be terrible?
Think about it
Even if you could get that door opened
And you were to search
You could never find me again
You will never be able to see me again
You will never be able to hear my voice again
Feel my touch again
You'll never be able
All that fun we had together
The great times we had together
The coast
The night-time
The hotel
The journey home
Even if you were to open that door
You would search but you could never find
You're nothing
Cunt's nothing
Zero
Just remind yourself
Remember you're fat
Remember you're stupid
Remember you're ugly
Fat, stupid and ugly
Just remember that
And also remember life's tragedies
Think about them
I still think about it
You see that door?
You see that door?
You see that door?
You see that door?