March 11

March 11 is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 295 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 222 – Emperor Elagabalus is assassinated, along with his mother, Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard during a revolt. Their mutilated bodies are dragged through the streets of Rome before being thrown into the Tiber.
• 1387 – Battle of Castagnaro: English condottiero Sir John Hawkwood leads Padova to victory in a factional clash with Verona.
• 1641 – Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina.
• 1649 – The Frondeurs and the French sign the Peace of Rueil.
• 1702 – The Daily Courant, England's first national daily newspaper is published for the first time.
• 1708 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
• 1784 – The signing of the Treaty of Mangalore brings the Second Anglo-Mysore War to an end.
• 1811 – During André Masséna's retreat from the Lines of Torres Vedras, a division led by French Marshal Michel Ney fights off a combined Anglo-Portuguese force to give Masséna time to escape.
• 1824 – The United States Department of War creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• 1845 – Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand.
• 1848 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government.
• 1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
• 1864 – The Great Sheffield Flood kills 238 people in Sheffield, England.
• 1867 – The first performance of Don Carlos by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Paris.
• 1872 – Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.
• 1879 – Shō Tai formally abdicated his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the Ryukyu Kingdom
• 1888 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.
• 1916 – USS Nevada (BB-36) is commissioned as the first US Navy "super-dreadnought".
• 1917 – World War I: Mesopotamian campaign: Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude.
• 1918 – The first case of Spanish flu occurs, the start of a devastating worldwide pandemic.
• 1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.
• 1931 – Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union.
• 1932 – Booming Ben, the last heath hen was seen for the final time.
• 1933 – Ground breaking musical film 42nd Street is released.
• 1941 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.
• 1942 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur flees Corregidor.
• 1945 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2.
• 1945 – World War II: The Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived Japanese puppet state, is established with Bảo Đại as its ruler.
• 1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops.
• 1975 – Vietnam War: North Vietnamese and Viet Cong guerrilla forces establish control over Ban Me Thuot commune from the South Vietnamese army.
• 1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Siege: More than 130 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations.
• 1978 – Coastal Road massacre: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's Operation Litani.
• 1983 – Pakistan successfully conducts a cold test of a nuclear weapon.
• 1990 – Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.
• 1990 – Patricio Aylwin is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Chile since 1970.
• 1993 – Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States.
• 1999 – Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.
• 2004 – Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid, Spain, kill 191 people.
• 2006 – Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as first female president of Chile.
• 2007 – Georgia claims Russian helicopters attacked the Kodori Valley in Abkhazia, an accusation that Russia categorically denies later.
• 2009 – Winnenden school shooting: Sixteen are killed and 11 are injured before recent-graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany.
• 2010 – Economist and businessman Sebastián Piñera is sworn in as President of Chile, while three earthquakes, the strongest measuring magnitude 6.9 and all centered next to Pichilemu, capital of Cardenal Caro province, hit central Chile during the ceremony.
• 2011 – An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.
• 2012 – A U.S. soldier kills 16 civilians in the Panjwayi District of Afghanistan near Kandahar.
• 2014 – Russia annexed Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Getting 2014 Crimean crisis and 2014–15 Russian military intervention in Ukraine.

Births

• 1544 – Torquato Tasso, Italian poet and educator (d. 1595)
• 1738 – Benjamin Tupper, American general (d. 1792)
• 1745 – Bodawpaya, Burmese king (d. 1819)
• 1785 – John McLean, American jurist and politician, 6th United States Postmaster General (d. 1861)
• 1787 – Ivan Nabokov, Russian general (d. 1852)
• 1811 – Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1877)
• 1818 – Marius Petipa, French-Russian dancer and choreographer (d. 1910)
• 1819 – Henry Tate, English businessman and philanthropist, founded Tate & Lyle (d. 1899)
• 1822 – Joseph Louis François Bertrand, French mathematician, economist, and academic (d. 1900)
• 1863 – Andrew Stoddart, English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1915)
• 1870 – Louis Bachelier, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1946)
• 1872 – Siegfried Flesch, Austrian fencer (d. 1939)
• 1872 – Kathleen Clarice Groom, Australian-English author and screenwriter (d. 1954)
• 1873 – David Horsley, English-American director and producer, co-founded Universal Studios (d. 1933)
• 1876 – Carl Ruggles, American pianist and composer (d. 1971)
• 1878 – Umegatani Tōtarō II, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1927)
• 1880 – Harry H. Laughlin, American eugenecist and sociologist (d. 1943)
• 1884 – Lewi Pethrus, Swedish minister and hymn-writer (d. 1974)
• 1884 – Ömer Seyfettin, Turkish soldier, author, and educator (d. 1920)
• 1885 – Malcolm Campbell, English race car driver and journalist (d. 1948)
• 1887 – Raoul Walsh, American actor and director (d. 1980)
• 1890 – Vannevar Bush, American engineer and academic (d. 1974)
• 1891 – Gertrud Wolle, German actress (d. 1952)
• 1893 – Wanda Gág, American author and illustrator (d. 1946)
• 1895 – Shemp Howard, American actor and singer (d. 1955)
• 1897 – Henry Cowell, American pianist and composer (d. 1965)
• 1898 – Dorothy Gish, American-Italian actress (d. 1968)
• 1899 – James H. Douglas, Jr. American colonel, lawyer, and politician, 9th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense (d. 1988)
• 1899 – Frederick IX of Denmark (d. 1972)
• 1903 – Ronald Syme, New Zealand historian and scholar (d. 1989)
• 1903 – Lawrence Welk, American accordion player and bandleader (d. 1992)
• 1907 – Jessie Matthews, English actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1981)
• 1908 – Matti Sippala, Finnish javelin thrower (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Robert Havemann, German chemist and academic (d. 1982)
• 1910 – Jacinta Marto, Portuguese saint (d. 1920)
• 1911 – Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet, Egyptian-Scottish general and politician (d. 1996)
• 1915 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
• 1915 – Hans Peter Keller, German poet and author (d. 1988)
• 1915 – J. C. R. Licklider, American computer scientist and psychologist (d. 1990)
• 1916 – Ezra Jack Keats, American author and illustrator (d. 1983)
• 1916 – Harold Wilson, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
• 1919 – Juan H. Cintrón García, Puerto Rican businessman and politician, 126th Mayor of Ponce (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1921 – Frank Harary, American mathematician and academic (d. 2005)
• 1921 – Astor Piazzolla, Argentinian bandoneón player and composer (d. 1992)
• 1922 – Cornelius Castoriadis, Greek economist and philosopher (d. 1997)
• 1922 – José Luis López Vázquez, Spanish actor and director (d. 2009)
• 1922 – Abdul Razak Hussein, Malaysian lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Malaysia (d. 1976)
• 1923 – Louise Brough, American tennis player (d. 2014)
• 1923 – Paul Muller, Swiss actor
• 1925 – Margaret Oakley Dayhoff, American biochemist and academic (d. 1983)
• 1925 – İlhan Selçuk, Turkish lawyer, journalist, and author (d. 2010)
• 1925 – Rodney Wilkes, Trinidadian weightlifter (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Ralph Abernathy, American minister and activist (d. 1990)
• 1926 – İlhan Mimaroğlu, Turkish-American pianist and composer (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Thomas Starzl, American surgeon and academic
• 1927 – Joachim Fuchsberger, German actor and television host (d. 2014)
• 1927 – Robert Mosbacher, American sailor, businessman, and politician, 25th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 2010)
• 1927 – Josep Maria Subirachs, Spanish sculptor and painter (d. 2014)
• 1928 – Albert Salmi, American actor (d. 1990)
• 1929 – Timothy Carey, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1994)
• 1930 – David Gentleman, English illustrator and engraver
• 1930 – Claude Jutra, Canadian actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1986)
• 1931 – Janosch, Polish-German author and illustrator
• 1931 – Marisa Del Frate, Italian actress and singer (d. 2015)
• 1931 – Rupert Murdoch, Australian-American businessman, founded News Corporation
• 1932 – Leroy Jenkins, American violinist and composer (Revolutionary Ensemble) (d. 2007)
• 1932 – Nigel Lawson, English journalist and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer
• 1932 – Martin Richards, American film producer (d. 2012)
• 1934 – Sam Donaldson, American journalist
• 1934 – Ingrid Lotz, German discus thrower
• 1934 – Paul Trevillion, English illustrator
• 1935 – Sandra Milo, Tunisian-Italian actress
• 1936 – Hollis Frampton, American director, screenwriter, and photographer (d. 1984)
• 1936 – Antonin Scalia, American lawyer and jurist
• 1937 – Carlos Larrañaga, Spanish actor (d. 2012)
• 1938 – Joseph Brooks, American director, producer, screenwriter, and composer (d. 2011)
• 1938 – D. V. J. Harischandra, Sri Lankan psychiatrist and scholar (d. 2013)
• 1939 – Lorraine Hunt, American lawyer and politician, 32nd Lieutenant Governor of Nevada
• 1939 – Flaco Jiménez, American accordion player (Texas Tornados and Los Super Seven)
• 1939 – Gerard Sithunywa Ndlovu, South African bishop (d. 2013)
• 1940 – Alberto Cortez, Argentinian-Spanish singer-songwriter
• 1942 – Marcus Borg, American scholar, theologian and author (d. 2015)
• 1942 – Peter Eyre, American-English actor
• 1942 – Joel Steiger, American director, producer and screenwriter
• 1943 – Arturo Merzario, Italian race car driver
• 1944 – Don Maclean, English actor
• 1945 – Dock Ellis, American baseball player and coach (d. 2008)
• 1945 – Harvey Mandel, American guitarist (Pure Food and Drug Act and Canned Heat)
• 1945 – Tricia O'Neil, American actress
• 1946 – Mark Metcalf, American actor and producer
• 1946 – Patty Waters, American singer
• 1947 – Tristan Murail, French composer and educator
• 1947 – Mark Stein, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Vanilla Fudge)
• 1947 – Alan Yentob, English television host
• 1948 – Roy Barnes, American lawyer and politician, 80th Governor of Georgia
• 1948 – César Gerónimo, Dominican baseball player and coach
• 1948 – George Kooymans, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (Golden Earring)
• 1948 – Jan Schelhaas, English keyboard player (Caravan and Camel)
• 1949 – Griselda Pollock, South African-English historian and academic
• 1950 – Bobby McFerrin, American singer-songwriter, producer, and conductor
• 1950 – Jerry Zucker, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1951 – Andres Metspalu, Estonian geneticist and academic
• 1951 – Dominique Sanda, French model and actress
• 1952 – Douglas Adams, English-American author and playwright (d. 2001)
• 1952 – Vince Giordano, American saxophonist and composer (Nighthawks Orchestra)
• 1952 – Susan Richardson, American actress
• 1953 – László Bölöni, Romanian-Hungarian footballer and manager
• 1953 – Derek Daly, Irish-American race car driver and sportscaster
• 1953 – Jimmy Iovine, American record producer and businessman, co-founded Interscope Records and Beats Electronics
• 1953 – Bernie LaBarge, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1954 – Sakis Boulas, Greek singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2014)
• 1954 – David Newman, American composer and conductor
• 1954 – Gale Norton, American lawyer and politician, 48th United States Secretary of the Interior
• 1955 – Leslie Cliff, Canadian swimmer
• 1955 – Jimmy Fortune, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Statler Brothers)
• 1955 – Nina Hagen, German singer and actress
• 1955 – D. J. MacHale, American author, director, and screenwriter
• 1955 – Henk van Gerven, Dutch physician and politician
• 1955 – Yehuda Weisenstein, Israeli fencer
• 1956 – Willie Banks, American triple jumper
• 1956 – Curtis Brown, American colonel, pilot and astronaut
• 1956 – Joey Buttafuoco, American businessman
• 1956 – Rob Paulsen, American voice actor and singer
• 1956 – Helen Rollason, English journalist and sportscaster (d. 1999)
• 1957 – The Lady Chablis, American drag queen performer
• 1957 – Cheryl Lynn, American singer-songwriter
• 1958 – Ian Horrocks, English computer scientist and academic
• 1958 – Anissa Jones, American actress (d. 1976)
• 1958 – Eddie Lawson, American motorcycle racer
• 1958 – Tetsurō Oda, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
• 1958 – James Pinkerton, American journalist and author
• 1958 – Flemming Rose, Danish journalist and author
• 1959 – Nina Hartley, American porn actress and director
• 1959 – Fred M'membe, Zambian journalist
• 1959 – Manuel Negrete Arias, Mexican footballer and coach
• 1959 – Dejan Stojanović, Serbian-American journalist and poet
• 1960 – Christophe Gans, French director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Robert Glenister, English actor and director
• 1960 – Junichi Sato, Japanese animator and director
• 1961 – Jake Arnott, English author
• 1961 – Elias Koteas, Canadian actor
• 1961 – Claudine Mercier, Canadian singer and actress
• 1961 – Bruce Watson, Canadian-Scottish guitarist (Big Country and Casbah Club)
• 1962 – Peter Berg, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
• 1962 – Mary Gauthier, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1962 – Matt Mead, American lawyer and politician, 32nd Governor of Wyoming
• 1962 – Jeffrey Nordling, American actor
• 1962 – Peeter Sauter, Estonian author and actor
• 1963 – Raoul Heertje, Dutch comedian and actor
• 1963 – Alex Kingston, English actress
• 1963 – David LaChapelle, American photographer and director
• 1964 – Libba Bray, American author
• 1964 – Emma Chambers, English actress
• 1964 – Vinnie Paul, American drummer, songwriter, and producer (Pantera, Damageplan, Hellyeah, and Gasoline)
• 1964 – Shane Richie, English actor and singer
• 1965 – Nigel Adkins, English footballer and manager
• 1965 – Jesse Jackson, Jr., American lawyer and politician
• 1965 – Wallace Langham, American actor
• 1965 – Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen, English interior designer
• 1965 – Jenny Packham, English fashion designer
• 1965 – Andy Sturmer, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer (Beatnik Beatch and Jellyfish)
• 1965 – Allan Vainola, Estonian singer-songwriter and guitarist (Vennaskond)
• 1966 – Robbie Brookside, English wrestler and trainer
• 1966 – Joe Hachem, Lebanese-Australian poker player
• 1966 – John Thompson III, American basketball player and coach
• 1966 – Ilias Zouros, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1967 – John Barrowman, Scottish-American actor, singer, and dancer
• 1967 – Brad Carson, American lawyer and politician, United States Under Secretary of the Army
• 1967 – Renzo Gracie, Brazilian-American mixed martial artist and trainer
• 1967 – Gary Wolfe, American wrestler and radio host
• 1968 – Stéphane Bédard, Canadian lawyer and politician
• 1968 – Lisa Loeb, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actress (Liz and Lisa)
• 1968 – Takao Osawa, Japanese actor
• 1969 – Soraya, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (d. 2006)
• 1969 – Pete Droge, American singer-songwriter (The Thorns)
• 1969 – Terrence Howard, American actor, singer and producer
• 1970 – Delia Gallagher, American journalist
• 1970 – Andre Nickatina, American rapper and producer
• 1970 – Jane Slavin, British actress and author
• 1971 – Gülse Birsel, Turkish actress and screenwriter
• 1971 – Johnny Knoxville, American actor, stuntman, and producer
• 1971 – Martin Ručinský, Czech ice hockey player
• 1972 – Ua, Japanese singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (Ajico)
• 1972 – Paolo Ponzo, Italian footballer (d. 2013)
• 1973 – Sylvia Day, American author and blogger
• 1973 – Martin Hiden, Austrian footballer and coach
• 1973 – Vincent Pereira, American actor and director
• 1973 – Wataru Sakata, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
• 1974 – Bobby Abreu, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1974 – Jonny Fairplay, American actor
• 1974 – Russ Haas, American wrestler (d. 2001)
• 1974 – Kieran Scott, American journalist and author
• 1974 – Adam Wakeman, English guitarist, keyboard player and songwriter (Black Sabbath and Headspace)
• 1975 – Shawn Springs, American football player
• 1975 – Eric the Midget, American radio host and actor (d. 2014)
• 1976 – Thomas Gravesen, Danish footballer
• 1977 – Becky Hammon, American-Russian basketball player and coach
• 1978 – Scott Calderwood, English-Scottish footballer and manager
• 1978 – Hayko Cepkin, Turkish singer-songwriter
• 1978 – Didier Drogba, Ivorian footballer
• 1978 – Albert Luque, Spanish footballer
• 1978 – Paulo Musse, Brazilian footballer
• 1978 – Christopher Rice, American author
• 1978 – Andrés Velencoso, Spanish model and actor
• 1979 – Elton Brand, American basketball player
• 1979 – Fred Jones, American basketball player
• 1979 – Benji Madden, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor (Good Charlotte, Dead Executives and Taintstick)
• 1979 – Keren Peles, Israeli singer
• 1979 – Joel Madden, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (Good Charlotte and Dead Executives)
• 1979 – Jung Yong-hoon, South Korean footballer (d. 2003)
• 1980 – Paul Scharner, Austrian footballer
• 1980 – Dan Uggla, American baseball player
• 1981 – David Anders, American actor
• 1981 – Heidi Cortez, American businesswoman and author
• 1981 – Lee Evans, American football player
• 1981 – Luke Johnson, English drummer and songwriter (Lostprophets, Beat Union, and Amen)
• 1981 – Russell Lissack, English guitarist (Bloc Party, Pin Me Down, and Ash)
• 1981 – LeToya Luckett, American singer-songwriter and actress (Destiny's Child)
• 1981 – Paul Wall, American rapper (Expensive Taste and The Color Changin' Click)
• 1982 – Bobina, Russian DJ and producer
• 1982 – Brian Anderson, American baseball player
• 1982 – Thora Birch, American actress
• 1982 – Lindsey McKeon, American actress
• 1983 – Marietta Chrousala, Greek model and television host
• 1983 – Żaneta Glanc, Polish discus thrower
• 1983 – Bianca Gonzalez, Filipino model and television host
• 1983 – Adil Mezgour, Moroccan-Italian footballer
• 1983 – Melissa Rycroft, American cheerleader and television host
• 1983 – John Steven Sutherland, American singer (B3)
• 1984 – Rob Brown, American actor
• 1984 – Marc-André Grondin, Canadian actor
• 1984 – Tom James, Welsh rower
• 1984 – Anna Tsuchiya, Japanese model, actress, and singer (Spin Aqua)
• 1985 – Paul Bissonnette, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Daniel Vázquez Evuy, Equatoguinean footballer
• 1985 – Luis Hernández, Mexican figure skater
• 1985 – Stelios Malezas, Greek footballer
• 1985 – Ajantha Mendis, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1985 – Sonia Radeva, Bulgarian figure skater
• 1985 – Kai Reus, Dutch cyclist
• 1985 – Derek Schouman, American football player
• 1985 – Hakuhō Shō, Mongolian sumo wrestler
• 1985 – Nikolai Topor-Stanley, Australian footballer
• 1985 – Viktorija Žemaitytė, Lithuanian heptathlete
• 1986 – Dario Cologna, Swiss skier
• 1986 – Mariko Shinoda, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48)
• 1986 – Ayumi Tanaka, Japanese pianist
• 1987 – Marc-André Gragnani, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1987 – Tanel Kangert, Estonian cyclist
• 1987 – Ngonidzashe Makusha, Zimbabwean sprinter and long jumper
• 1988 – Canserbero, Venezuelan rapper (d. 2015)
• 1988 – Fábio Coentrão, Portuguese footballer
• 1988 – Katsuhiko Nakajima, Japanese wrestler
• 1989 – Daniella Kertesz, Israeli actress
• 1989 – Shin Soohyun, South Korean singer and dancer (U-KISS)
• 1989 – Anton Yelchin, Russian-American actor
• 1990 – Janna Dominguez, Filipino actress
• 1990 – Reiley McClendon, American actor
• 1990 – Ayumi Morita, Japanese tennis player
• 1991 – Linlin, Chinese-Japanese singer (Morning Musume and Minimoni)
• 1991 – Kamohelo Mokotjo, South African footballer
• 1991 – Jack Rodwell, English footballer
• 1991 – Mayumi Roller, Virgin Islander sailor
• 1991 – Nao Tōyama, Japanese voice actress and singer
• 1992 – Sacha Parkinson, English actress
• 1992 – KZ Tandingan, Filipino singer
• 1993 – Anthony Davis, American basketball player
• 1993 – Demi Harman, Australian actress
• 1993 – Daisuke Ssegwanyi, Ugandan swimmer
• 1994 – Martin Jurtom, Estonian basketball player
• 1994 – Andrew Robertson, Scottish footballer
• 1998 – Street Cry, Irish race horse (d. 2014)

Deaths

• 1425 BC – Thutmose III, Egyptian pharaoh (b. 1481 BC)
• 222 – Elagabalus, Roman emperor (b. 203)
• 222 – Julia Soaemias, Roman wife of Sextus Varius Marcellus (b. 180)
• 638 – Sophronius of Jerusalem (b. 560)
• 859 – Eulogius of Córdoba, Spanish martyr and saint (b. 819)
• 1198 – Marie of France, Countess of Champagne (b. 1145)
• 1486 – Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1414)
• 1514 – Donato Bramante, Italian architect, designed the San Pietro in Montorio (b. 1444)
• 1575 – Matthias Flacius, Croatian theologian and reformer (b. 1520)
• 1602 – Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian organist and composer (b. 1550)
• 1607 – Giovanni Maria Nanino, Italian composer and educator (b. 1543)
• 1722 – John Toland, Irish philosopher and theorist (b. 1670)
• 1759 – John Forbes, Scottish general (b. 1710)
• 1786 – Charles Humphreys, Colonial American politician, delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1774-76 (b. 1714)
• 1820 – Benjamin West, American-English painter and academic (b. 1738)
• 1851 – George McDuffie, American lawyer and politician, 55th Governor of South Carolina (b. 1790)
• 1854 – Willard Richards, American religious leader (b. 1804)
• 1856 – James Beatty, Irish engineer (b. 1820)
• 1863 – Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet, English general (b. 1803)
• 1866 – Ulysses F. Doubleday, American soldier and politician (b. 1792)
• 1869 – Vladimir Odoyevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (b. 1803)
• 1870 – Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho (b. 1786)
• 1874 – Charles Sumner, American lawyer and politician (b. 1811)
• 1898 – William Rosecrans, American general and politician (b. 1819)
• 1898 – Dikran Tchouhadjian, Armenian composer and conductor (b. 1837)
• 1907 – Jean Casimir-Perier, French lawyer and politician, 6th President of France (b. 1847)
• 1908 – Edmondo De Amicis, Italian journalist and author (b. 1846)
• 1908 – Benjamin Waugh, American minister and activist (b. 1839)
• 1915 – Thomas Alexander Browne, English-Australian author (b. 1826)
• 1920 – Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer, mathematician, and engineer (b. 1865)
• 1927 – Xenophon Stratigos, Greek general and politician (b. 1869)
• 1931 – F. W. Murnau, German-American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1888)
• 1935 – Yusuf Akçura, Russian-Turkish activist (b. 1876)
• 1937 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American businessman, co-founded Texaco (b. 1860)
• 1944 – Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-American journalist and historian (b. 1882)
• 1949 – Anastasios Charalambis, Greek general and politician, 109th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1862)
• 1949 – Henri Giraud, French general and politician (b. 1879)
• 1951 – János Zsupánek, Slovene poet and author (b. 1861)
• 1952 – Pierre Renoir, French actor and director (b. 1885)
• 1955 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, and botanist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
• 1955 – Oscar F. Mayer, German-American businessman, founded Oscar Mayer (b. 1859)
• 1957 – Richard E. Byrd, American admiral and explorer (b. 1888)
• 1958 – Ole Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman, founded The Lego Group (b. 1891)
• 1959 – Lester Dent, American author (b. 1904)
• 1960 – Roy Chapman Andrews, American paleontologist and explorer (b. 1884)
• 1965 – James Reeb, American minister and activist (b. 1927)
• 1967 – Geraldine Farrar, American soprano and actress (b. 1882)
• 1968 – Haşim İşcan, Turkish educator and politician, 18th Mayor of İstanbul (b. 1898)
• 1969 – John Daly, Irish runner (b. 1880)
• 1969 – John Wyndham, English soldier and author (b. 1903)
• 1970 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American lawyer and author (b. 1889)
• 1970 – Russell van Horn, American boxer (b. 1885)
• 1971 – Philo Farnsworth, American inventor (b. 1906)
• 1971 – Whitney Young, American activist (b. 1921)
• 1977 – Ulysses S. Grant IV, American geologist and paleontologist (b. 1893)
• 1977 – Alberto Rodriguez Larreta, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1934)
• 1978 – Claude François, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter and dancer (b. 1939)
• 1978 – Sofia Vembo, Greek singer and actress (b. 1910)
• 1980 – Chandra Bhanu Gupta, Indian politician, 4th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (b. 1902)
• 1982 – Edmund Cooper, English poet and author (b. 1926)
• 1982 – Horace Gregory, American poet, translator, and academic (b. 1898)
• 1984 – Kostas Roukounas, Greek singer-songwriter (b. 1903)
• 1986 – Sonny Terry, American singer and harmonica player (b. 1911)
• 1987 – Joe Gladwin, English actor (b. 1906)
• 1989 – James Kee, American politician (b. 1917)
• 1989 – John J. McCloy, American lawyer and banker (b. 1895)
• 1990 – Dean Horrix, English footballer (b. 1961)
• 1992 – Richard Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1912)
• 1995 – Rein Aun, Estonian decathlete (b. 1940)
• 1995 – Myfanwy Talog, Welsh actress and singer (b. 1945)
• 1996 – Vince Edwards, American actor and director (b. 1928)
• 1999 – Herbert Jasper, Canadian psychologist, anatomist, and neurologist (b. 1906)
• 1999 – Camille Laurin, Canadian psychiatrist and politician (b. 1922)
• 2002 – James Tobin, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
• 2003 – Brian Cleeve, English-Irish author and playwright (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Ivar Hansen, Danish politician (b. 1938)
• 2006 – Bernie Geoffrion, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2006 – Slobodan Milošević, Serbian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (b. 1941)
• 2007 – Betty Hutton, American actress and singer (b. 1921)
• 2008 – Nils Taube, Estonian-English businessman (b. 1928)
• 2009 – Charles Lewis, Jr., American businessman (b. 1963)
• 2010 – John Hill, Canadian-American wrestler (b. 1941)
• 2010 – Merlin Olsen, American football player and actor (b. 1940)
• 2010 – Leena Peltonen-Palotie, Finnish physician and geneticist (b. 1952)
• 2010 – Sandy Scott, Canadian-American wrestler (b. 1934)
• 2010 – Turhan Selçuk, Turkish cartoonist (b. 1922)
• 2010 – T. Somasekaram, Sri Lankan geographer and politician, 37th Surveyor General of Sri Lanka (b. 1934)
• 2010 – Hans van Mierlo, Dutch journalist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Jack Hardy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947)
• 2011 – Gary Wichard, American football player and agent (b. 1950)
• 2012 – Henry Adefope, Nigerian physician and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Nigeria (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Gian Nicola Babini, Italian ceramist and chemist (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Faith Brook, English actress (b. 1922)
• 2012 – Sid Couchey, American author and illustrator (b. 1919)
• 2012 – James B. Morehead, American colonel and pilot (b. 1916)
• 2012 – Gösta Schwarck, German-Danish pianist and composer (b. 1915)
• 2012 – Ghiath Tayfour, Syrian boxer (b. 1969)
• 2012 – Ian Turpie, Australian actor and game show host (b. 1943)
• 2013 – Erica Andrews, Mexican-American drag queen performer (b. 1969)
• 2013 – Martin Adolf Bormann, German priest and theologian (b. 1930)
• 2013 – Ignatius Anthony Catanello, American bishop (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Doug Christie, Canadian lawyer and activist (b. 1946)
• 2013 – Simón Alberto Consalvi, Venezuelan journalist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Venezuela (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Tony Gubba, English journalist and sportscaster (b. 1943)
• 2013 – Mitchell Melton, American politician (b. 1943)
• 2013 – Ramankutty Nair, Indian actor (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Sripada Pinakapani, Indian singer and physician (b. 1913)
• 2013 – Florian Siwicki, Polish general and politician (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Dean Bailey, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1967)
• 2014 – Joel Brinkley, American journalist and academic (b. 1952)
• 2014 – Len Buckeridge, Australian businessman, founded the Buckeridge Group of Companies (b. 1936)
• 2014 – Bob Crow, English union leader (b. 1961)
• 2014 – Edmund Levy, Iraqi-Israeli soldier and judge (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Hermann Schleinhege, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1916)
• 2014 – Marga Spiegel, German author (b. 1912)
• 2015 – Walter Burkert, German philologist and scholar (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Tony Fenton, Irish radio host (b. 1961)
• 2015 – Jimmy Greenspoon, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Three Dog Night) (b. 1948)
• 2015 – Gerald Hurst, American chemist and academic (b. 1937)
• 2015 – Janice Rebibo, American-Israeli author and poet (b. 1950)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Óengus of Tallaght (Aengus the Culdee)
  • Alberta of Agen
  • Áurea of San Millán
  • Constantine
  • Eulogius of Córdoba
  • Blessed John Righi
  • Sophronius of Jerusalem
  • Vindicianus
• Johnny Appleseed Day (United States)
• Moshoeshoe Day (Lesotho)
• Day of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania from the Soviet Union in 1990 (Lithuania)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada