July 16

July 16 is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 168 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar.
• 1054 – Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian Churches through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal bull of Excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy. Historians frequently describe the event as the start of the East–West Schism.
• 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: After Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.
• 1377 – Coronation of Richard II of England.
• 1661 – The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.
• 1683 – Manchu Qing dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
• 1769 – Father Junípero Serra founds California's first mission, Mission San Diego de Alcalá. Over the following decades, it evolves into the city of San Diego, California.
• 1779 – American Revolutionary War: Light infantry of the Continental Army seize a fortified British Army position in a midnight bayonet attack at the Battle of Stony Point.
• 1782 – First performance of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail.
• 1790 – The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the United States after signature of the Residence Act.
• 1809 – The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo.
• 1849 – Antonio María Claret y Clará founded the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, popularly known as the Claretians in Vic, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
• 1861 – American Civil War: At the order of President Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25-mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle of the war.
• 1862 – American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral, becoming the first officer in United States Navy to hold an admiral rank.
• 1909 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar.
• 1910 – John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia.
• 1915 – Henry James becomes a British citizen, to highlight his commitment to Britain during the first World War.
• 1915 – First Order of the Arrow ceremony takes place and the Order of the Arrow is founded.
• 1927 – Augusto César Sandino leads a raid on U.S. Marines and Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional that had been sent to apprehend him in the village of Ocotal, but is repulsed by one of the first dive-bombing attacks in history.
• 1931 – Emperor Haile Selassie signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.
• 1935 – The world's first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
• 1941 – Joe DiMaggio hits safely for the 56th consecutive game, a streak that still stands as a MLB record.
• 1942 – Holocaust: Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv): The government of Vichy France orders the mass arrest of 13,152 Jews who are held at the Winter Velodrome in Paris before deportation to Auschwitz.
• 1945 – World War II: The heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis leaves San Francisco with parts for the atomic bomb "Little Boy" bound for Tinian Island.
• 1945 – Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• 1948 – Following token resistance, the city of Nazareth, revered by Christians as the hometown of Jesus, capitulates to Israeli troops during Operation Dekel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
• 1948 – The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by a subsidiary of the Cathay Pacific Airways, marks the first aircraft hijacking of a commercial plane.
• 1950 – Chaplain–Medic massacre: American POWs were massacred by North Korean Army.
• 1951 – King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son, Baudouin I of Belgium.
• 1951 – The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is published for the first time by Little, Brown and Company.
• 1956 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus closes its very last "Big Tent" show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, due to changing economics all subsequent circus shows will be held in arenas.
• 1960 – USS George Washington a modified Skipjack-class submarine successfully test fires the first ballistic missile while submerged.
• 1965 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France and Italy opens.
• 1965 – South Vietnamese Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo, a formerly undetected communist spy and double agent, is hunted down and killed by unknown individuals after being sentenced to death in absentia for a February 1965 coup attempt against Nguyễn Khánh.
• 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11, the first mission to land astronauts on the Moon, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
• 1973 – Watergate scandal: Former White House aide Alexander Butterfield informs the United States Senate that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.
• 1979 – Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr resigns and is replaced by Saddam Hussein.
• 1981 – Mahathir Mohamad becomes Malaysia's 4th Prime Minister.
• 1983 – Sikorsky S-61 disaster: A helicopter crashes off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities.
• 1990 – The Luzon Earthquake strikes in Benguet, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, La Union, Aurora, Bataan, Zambales and Tarlac, Philippines, with an intensity of 7.7.
• 1990 – The Parliament of the Ukrainian SSR declares state sovereignty over the territory of the Ukrainian SSR.
• 1994 – Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 collides with Jupiter. Impacts continue until July 22.
• 1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., piloting a Piper Saratoga aircraft, dies when his plane crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Martha's Vineyard. His wife Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette are also killed.
• 2004 – Millennium Park, considered Chicago's first and most ambitious early 21st-century architectural project, is opened to the public by Mayor Richard M. Daley.
• 2007 – An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 and 6.6 aftershock occurs off the Niigata coast of Japan killing eight people, injuring at least 800 and damaging a nuclear power plant.
• 2008 – Sixteen infants in Gansu Province, China, who had been fed on tainted milk powder, are diagnosed with kidney stones; in total an estimated 300,000 infants are affected.
• 2013 – As many as 27 children die and 25 others are hospitalized after eating lunch served at their school in eastern India.
• 2015 – Four U.S. Marines and one gunman die in a shooting spree targeting military installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Births

• 1194 – Clare of Assisi, Italian nun and saint (d. 1253)
• 1486 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1530)
• 1611 – Cecilia Renata of Austria (d. 1644)
• 1661 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Canadian captain, explorer, and politician (d. 1706)
• 1714 – Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French engineer and author (d. 1800)
• 1722 – Joseph Wilton, English sculptor and academic (d. 1803)
• 1723 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter and academic (d. 1792)
• 1731 – Samuel Huntington, American jurist and politician, 18th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1796)
• 1749 – Cyrus Griffin, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 16th President of the Continental Congress (d. 1810)
• 1796 – Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter and etcher (d. 1875)
• 1821 – Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader and author, founded Christian Science (d. 1910)
• 1841 – Nikolai von Glehn, Estonian-German architect and activist (d. 1923)
• 1858 – Eugène Ysaÿe, Belgian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1931)
• 1862 – Ida B. Wells, American journalist and activist (d. 1931)
• 1870 – Lambert McKenna, Irish priest, lexicographer, and scholar (d. 1956)
• 1871 – John Maxwell, American golfer (d. 1906)
• 1872 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian pilot and explorer (d. 1928)
• 1880 – Kathleen Norris, American journalist and author (d. 1966)
• 1883 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer and painter (d. 1965)
• 1884 – Anna Vyrubova, Russian author (d. 1964)
• 1887 – Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player and manager (d. 1951)
• 1888 – Percy Kilbride, American actor and singer (d. 1964)
• 1888 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
• 1889 – Arthur Bowie Chrisman, American author (d. 1953)
• 1889 – Larry Semon, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1928)
• 1895 – Wilfrid Hamel, Canadian businessman and politician, 35th Mayor of Quebec City (d. 1968)
• 1896 – Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, German biologist and eugenicist (d. 1969)
• 1896 – Trygve Lie, Norwegian union leader and politician, 1st Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 1968)
• 1896 – Evelyn Preer, American actress and singer (d. 1932)
• 1902 – Alexander Luria, Russian psychologist and physician (d. 1977)
• 1902 – Mary Philbin, American actress (d. 1993)
• 1903 – Fritz Bauer, German lawyer and judge (d. 1968)
• 1903 – Carmen Lombardo, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 1971)
• 1904 – Goffredo Petrassi, Italian composer and conductor (d. 2003)
• 1906 – Vincent Sherman, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
• 1907 – Frances Horwich, American educator and television host (d. 2001)
• 1907 – Orville Redenbacher, American farmer and businessman, founded Orville Redenbacher's (d. 1995)
• 1907 – Barbara Stanwyck, American actress and singer (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Stan McCabe, Australian cricketer (d. 1968)
• 1910 – Gordon Prange, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1980)
• 1911 – Ginger Rogers, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1995)
• 1911 – Sonny Tufts, American actor and singer (d. 1970)
• 1912 – Milt Bocek, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1918 – Bayani Casimiro, Filipino actor and dancer (d. 1989)
• 1918 – Müzeyyen Senar, Turkish singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2015)
• 1919 – Hermine Braunsteiner, Austrian SS officer (d. 1999)
• 1919 – Choi Kyu-hah, South Korean politician, 4th President of South Korea (d. 2006)
• 1920 – Anatole Broyard, American author and critic (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Chris Argyris, American psychologist, theorist, and academic (d. 2013)
• 1924 – James L. Greenfield, American journalist and politician
• 1924 – Bess Myerson, American model, actress, and politician, Miss America 1945 (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Frank Jobe, American sergeant and surgeon (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Cal Tjader, American vibraphone player and composer (d. 1982)
• 1926 – Ivica Horvat, Croatian footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Irwin Rose, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Pierre F. Côté, Canadian lawyer and civil servant (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Shirley Hughes, English author and illustrator
• 1928 – Anita Brookner, English historian and author
• 1928 – Robert Sheckley, American author and screenwriter (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Bella Davidovich, Azerbaijani-American pianist and educator
• 1928 – Dave Treen, American lawyer and politician, 51st Governor of Louisiana (d. 2009)
• 1928 – Ticho Parly, Danish tenor and actor (d. 1993)
• 1928 – Andrzej Zawada, Polish mountaineer and author (d. 2000)
• 1929 – Charles Ray Hatcher, American serial killer (d. 1984)
• 1929 – Sheri S. Tepper, American author and poet
• 1930 – Guy Béart, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1930 – Michael Bilirakis, American lawyer and politician
• 1932 – John Chilton, English trumpet player and composer
• 1932 – Max McGee, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
• 1932 – Dick Thornburgh, American lawyer and politician, 76th United States Attorney General
• 1934 – Donald M. Payne, American educator and politician (d. 2012)
• 1935 – Carl Epting Mundy, Jr., American general (d. 2014)
• 1936 – Yasuo Fukuda, Japanese politician, 91st Prime Minister of Japan
• 1936 – Buddy Merrill, American guitarist
• 1936 – Jerry Norman, American sinologist and linguist (d. 2012)
• 1936 – Venkataraman Subramanya, Indian-Australian cricketer
• 1937 – Richard Bryan, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Nevada
• 1937 – John Daly, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1938 – Cynthia Enloe, American author and academic
• 1938 – Tony Jackson, English singer and bass player (The Searchers) (d. 2003)
• 1939 – William Bell, American singer-songwriter
• 1939 – Denise LaSalle, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1939 – Shringar Nagaraj, Indian actor and producer (d. 2013)
• 1939 – Corin Redgrave, English actor and activist (d. 2010)
• 1939 – Mariele Ventre, Italian singer and conductor (d. 1995)
• 1941 – Desmond Dekker, Jamaican singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1941 – Mišo Kovač, Croatian singer and actor
• 1941 – Dag Solstad, Norwegian author and playwright
• 1941 – Hans Wiegel, Dutch journalist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands
• 1941 – Sir George Young, 6th Baronet, English banker and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
• 1942 – Margaret Court, Australian tennis player and minister
• 1942 – Frank Field, English politician
• 1943 – Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban-American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1990)
• 1943 – Vernon Bogdanor, English political scientist and academic
• 1943 – Martin Huba, Slovak actor and director
• 1943 – Jimmy Johnson, American football player and coach
• 1944 – Angharad Rees, English actress and jewellery designer (d. 2012)
• 1945 – Çetin Tekindor, Turkish actor
• 1946 – Louise Fréchette, Canadian civil servant and diplomat, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
• 1946 – Toshio Furukawa, Japanese voice actor
• 1946 – Barbara Lee, American politician
• 1946 – Richard LeParmentier, American-English actor and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1946 – Ron Yary, American football player
• 1947 – Don Burke, Australian television host and producer
• 1947 – Alexis Herman, American businesswoman and politician, 23rd United States Secretary of Labor
• 1947 – Assata Shakur, American-Cuban criminal and activist
• 1948 – Rubén Blades, Panamanian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1948 – Lars Lagerbäck, Swedish footballer and manager
• 1948 – Kevin McKenzie, South African cricketer
• 1948 – Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli violinist and conductor
• 1949 – Alan Fitzgerald, American guitarist and keyboardist (Montrose, Gamma and Alliance)
• 1950 – Pierre Paradis, Canadian lawyer and politician
• 1950 – Dennis Priestley, English darts player
• 1950 – Frances Spalding, English historian and academic
• 1950 – Tom Terrell, American journalist and photographer (d. 2007)
• 1951 – Jean-Luc Mongrain, Canadian journalist
• 1951 – Lorraine Chase, English model and actress
• 1952 – Stewart Copeland, American drummer and songwriter (The Police, Animal Logic, Curved Air and Oysterhead)
• 1952 – Richard Egielski, American author and illustrator
• 1952 – Marc Esposito, French director and screenwriter
• 1952 – Ken McEwan, South African cricketer
• 1952 – Robert David Steele, American spy and politician
• 1953 – Douglas J. Feith, American lawyer and politician, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
• 1954 – Jeanette Mott Oxford, American politician
• 1955 – Zohar Argov, Israeli singer (d. 1987)
• 1955 – Susan Wheeler, American poet and academic
• 1955 – Annie Whitehead, English trombonist
• 1956 – Jerry Doyle, American radio host and actor
• 1956 – Tony Kushner, American playwright and screenwriter
• 1957 – Faye Grant, American actress
• 1957 – Alexandra Marinina, Ukrainian-Russian colonel and author
• 1958 – Michael Flatley, American dancer, choreographer, and actor
• 1958 – Pierre Roland Renoir, Monacan-Canadian painter
• 1958 – Mike Rogers, American politician
• 1959 – Gary Anderson, South African-American football player
• 1959 – James MacMillan, Scottish composer and conductor
• 1959 – Doug Herzog, American businessman
• 1959 – Zoran Jolevski, Macedonian economist, politician, and diplomat, Macedonian Ambassador to the United States
• 1959 – Jürgen Ligi, Estonian economist and politician, 25th Estonian Minister of Defence
• 1960 – Terry Pendleton, American baseball player and coach
• 1962 – Grigory Leps, Russian singer-songwriter
• 1963 – Phoebe Cates, American actress
• 1963 – Norman Cook, English rapper, DJ, and producer (The Housemartins, Beats International, Freak Power, and Pizzaman)
• 1963 – Srečko Katanec, Slovenian footballer and coach
• 1963 – Mikael Pernfors, Swedish tennis player
• 1964 – Phil Hellmuth, American poker player
• 1964 – Miguel Indurain, Spanish cyclist
• 1964 – Melissa Monet, American porn actress, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1965 – Michel Desjoyeaux, French sailor
• 1965 – Indrek Erm, Estonian architect
• 1965 – Claude Lemieux, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Tina Tyler, Canadian porn actress and director
• 1965 – Sherri Stoner, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Jyrki Lumme, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1966 – Mikhail Tatarinov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1966 – Yıldız Tilbe, Turkish singer
• 1966 – Johnny Vaughan, English journalist and critic
• 1967 – Will Ferrell, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1967 – Christophe Rocancourt, French criminal
• 1968 – Henry Hate, American-English tattoo artist
• 1968 – Dhanraj Pillay, Indian field hockey player and manager
• 1968 – Barry Sanders, American football player
• 1968 – Larry Sanger, American philosopher and businessman, co-founded Wikipedia and Citizendium
• 1968 – Olga Souza, Brazilian singer and dancer (Corona)
• 1969 – Jules De Martino, English singer-songwriter and bass player (The Ting Tings)
• 1969 – Kathryn Harby-Williams, Australian netball player and sportscaster
• 1969 – Daryl Mitchell, American actor and producer
• 1969 – Rain Pryor, American actress
• 1970 – Raimonds Miglinieks, Latvian basketball player and coach
• 1970 – Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thai director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1971 – Corey Feldman, American actor and singer
• 1971 – Ed Kowalczyk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Live)
• 1972 – Ben Cahoon, American-Canadian football player and coach
• 1972 – François Drolet, Canadian speed skater
• 1973 – Jonas Chernick, Canadian actor and screenwriter
• 1973 – Stefano Garzelli, Italian cyclist
• 1973 – Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer
• 1973 – Graham Robertson, American director and producer
• 1973 – Tim Ryan, American politician
• 1974 – Jeremy Enigk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Sunny Day Real Estate and The Fire Theft)
• 1974 – Maret Maripuu, Estonian politician, Estonian Minister of Social Affairs
• 1974 – Ryan McCombs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Soil and Drowning Pool)
• 1974 – Chris Pontius, American actor and stuntman
• 1974 – Wendell Sailor, Australian rugby player
• 1975 – Ana Paula Arósio, Brazilian model and actress
• 1975 – Bas Leinders, Belgian race car driver
• 1975 – Jamie Oliver, Welsh singer and keyboard player (Lostprophets and No Devotion)
• 1976 – Tomasz Kuchar, Polish race car driver
• 1976 – Bobby Lashley, American wrestler, mixed martial artist, and actor
• 1976 – Carlos Humberto Paredes, Paraguayan footballer
• 1976 – Anna Smashnova, Belarusian-Israeli tennis player
• 1976 – Zak Smith, American porn actor and painter
• 1977 – Bryan Budd, Irish soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 2006)
• 1978 – Gülhan Şen, Turkish television host and producer
• 1979 – Jayma Mays, American actress and singer
• 1979 – Chris Mihm, American basketball player
• 1979 – Douglas Murray, Scottish journalist and author
• 1979 – Mai Nakamura, Japanese swimmer
• 1979 – Nathan Rogers, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1979 – Konstantin Skrylnikov, Russian footballer
• 1980 – Jesse Jane, American porn actress and model
• 1980 – Justine Joli, American porn actress and model
• 1980 – Adam Scott, Australian golfer
• 1981 – Giuseppe Di Masi, Italian footballer
• 1981 – Zach Randolph, American basketball player
• 1981 – Vicente Rodríguez, Spanish footballer
• 1982 – André Greipel, German cyclist
• 1982 – Carli Lloyd, American soccer player
• 1982 – Michael Umaña, Costa Rican footballer
• 1983 – Duncan Keith, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Katrina Kaif, Hong Kong-Indian actress
• 1984 – Hayanari Shimoda, Japanese race car driver
• 1984 – Attila Szabó, Hungarian decathlete
• 1985 – Yōko Hikasa, Japanese voice actress and singer
• 1985 – Mārtiņš Kravčenko, Latvian basketball player
• 1985 – Denis Tahirović, Croatian footballer
• 1986 – Dustin Boyd, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1986 – Taryn Southern, American singer and actress
• 1986 – Misako Uno, Japanese actress, singer, and fashion designer (AAA)
• 1987 – Mousa Dembélé, Belgian footballer
• 1987 – AnnaLynne McCord, American actress and producer
• 1988 – Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer
• 1989 – Gareth Bale, Welsh footballer
• 1989 – Carlito Olivero, American singer-songwriter and actor (Menudo)
• 1989 – Kim Woo-bin, South Korean actor and model
• 1990 – Radka Bártová, Slovak figure skater
• 1990 – James Maslow, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor (Big Time Rush)
• 1990 – Johann Zarco, French motorcycle racer
• 1991 – Iiris, Estonian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1991 – Andros Townsend, English footballer
• 1993 – Billy Ward, Australian boxer (d. 2013)
• 1994 – Mark Indelicato, American actor and singer

Deaths

• 784 – Fulrad, Frankish diplomat and saint (b. 710)
• 1216 – Pope Innocent III (b. 1160)
• 1324 – Emperor Go-Uda of Japan (b. 1267)
• 1342 – Charles I of Hungary (b. 1288)
• 1546 – Anne Askew, English author and poet (b. 1520)
• 1557 – Anne of Cleves (b. 1515)
• 1647 – Masaniello, Italian rebel (b. 1622)
• 1664 – Andreas Gryphius, German poet and playwright (b. 1616)
• 1686 – John Pearson, English bishop and scholar (b. 1612)
• 1691 – François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1641)
• 1729 – Johann David Heinichen, German composer and theorist (b. 1683)
• 1747 – Giuseppe Crespi, Italian painter (b. 1665)
• 1770 – Francis Cotes, English painter and academic (b. 1726)
• 1796 – George Howard, English field marshal and politician (b. 1718)
• 1831 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, French-Russian general (b. 1763)
• 1850 – Julia Glover, Irish actress (b. 1779)
• 1868 – Dmitry Pisarev, Russian author and critic (b. 1840)
• 1879 – Edward Deas Thomson, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Chief Secretary of New South Wales (b. 1800)
• 1882 – Mary Todd Lincoln, American wife of Abraham Lincoln, 19th First Lady of the United States (b. 1818)
• 1886 – Ned Buntline, American journalist and author (b. 1823)
• 1896 – Edmond de Goncourt, French critic and publisher, founded Académie Goncourt (b. 1822)
• 1915 – Ellen G. White, American theologian and author (b. 1827)
• 1917 – Philipp Scharwenka, German composer and educator (b. 1847)
• 1939 – Bartholomeus Roodenburch, Dutch swimmer (b. 1866)
• 1949 – Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1866)
• 1953 – Hilaire Belloc, French-English historian and politician (b. 1870)
• 1954 – Herms Niel, German soldier, trombonist, and composer (b. 1888)
• 1960 – Albert Kesselring, German field marshal (b. 1881)
• 1960 – John P. Marquand, American author (b. 1893)
• 1964 – Rauf Orbay, Turkish colonel and politician, Prime Ministers of Turkey (b. 1881)
• 1965 – Boris Artzybasheff, Ukrainian-American illustrator (b.1899)
• 1976 – Carmelo Soria, Spanish-Chilean diplomat (b. 1921)
• 1979 – Alfred Deller, English singer (b. 1912)
• 1981 – Harry Chapin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
• 1982 – Patrick Dewaere, French actor and composer (b. 1947)
• 1982 – Charles Robberts Swart, South African lawyer and politician, 1st State President of South Africa (b. 1894)
• 1985 – Heinrich Böll, German soldier and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
• 1985 – Wayne King, American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (b. 1901)
• 1989 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor and manager (b. 1908)
• 1990 – Robert Blackburn, Irish educator (b. 1927)
• 1990 – Sidney Torch, English pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1908)
• 1991 – Meindert DeJong, Dutch-American soldier and author (b. 1906)
• 1991 – Robert Motherwell, American painter and academic (b. 1915)
• 1991 – Frank Rizzo, American police officer and politician, 93rd Mayor of Philadelphia (b. 1920)
• 1992 – Buck Buchanan, American football player and coach (b. 1940)
• 1994 – Julian Schwinger, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
• 1995 – May Sarton, Belgian-American author and poet (b. 1912)
• 1995 – Stephen Spender, English author and poet (b. 1909)
• 1996 – John Panozzo, American drummer (Styx) (b. 1948)
• 1996 – Adolf von Thadden, German lieutenant and politician (b. 1921)
• 1998 – John Henrik Clarke, American historian and scholar (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy, American publicist (b. 1966)
• 1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., American lawyer and publisher, co-founded George Magazine (b. 1960)
• 1999 – Alan Macnaughton, Canadian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons (b. 1903)
• 1999 – Hiromi Yanagihara, Japanese singer and actress (Country Musume) (b. 1979)
• 2001 – Morris, Belgian cartoonist (b. 1923)
• 2001 – Terry Gordy, American wrestler (b. 1961)
• 2001 – Dimitrios Holevas, Greek priest (b. 1907)
• 2002 – John Cocke, American computer scientist and engineer (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Celia Cruz, Cuban-American singer and actress (Sonora Matancera) (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Carol Shields, American-Canadian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1935)
• 2004 – George Busbee, American lawyer and politician, 77th Governor of Georgia (b. 1927)
• 2004 – Charles Sweeney, American general and pilot (b. 1919)
• 2005 – Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Camillo Felgen, Luxembourgian singer-songwriter and radio host (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Yi Gu, Japanese son of Yi Bangja (b. 1931)
• 2006 – Bob Orton, American wrestler (b. 1929)
• 2006 – Winthrop Paul Rockefeller, American businessman and politician, 13th Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas (b. 1948)
• 2007 – Caterina Bueno, Italian singer and historian (b. 1943)
• 2008 – Jo Stafford, American singer and actress (b. 1917)
• 2010 – James Gammon, American actor (b. 1940)
• 2011 – Forrest Blue, American football player (b. 1944)
• 2012 – William Asher, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Bob Babbitt, American bass player (The Funk Brothers) (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Stephen Covey, American businessman and author (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Gilbert Esau, American businessman and politician (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Ed Lincoln, Brazilian bassist, pianist, and composer (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Jon Lord, English keyboard player and songwriter (Deep Purple, The Artwoods, The Flower Pot Men, and Paice Ashton Lord) (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Masaharu Matsushita, Japanese businessman (b. 1913)
• 2012 – Kitty Wells, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Todd Bennett, English runner (b. 1962)
• 2013 – Talia Castellano, American blogger (b. 1999)
• 2013 – Alex Colville, Canadian painter and academic (b. 1920)
• 2013 – T-Model Ford, American singer and guitarist (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Hassan Pakandam, Iranian boxer (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Marv Rotblatt, American baseball player (1927)
• 2014 – Karl Albrecht, German businessman, co-founded Aldi (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Mary Ellen Otremba, American educator and politician (b. 1950)
• 2014 – Szymon Szurmiej, Polish actor and director (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Johnny Winter, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)
• 2014 – Heinz Zemanek, Austrian computer scientist and academic (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Denis Avey, English soldier, engineer, and author (b. 1919)
• 2015 – Evelyn Ebsworth, English chemist and academic (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Alcides Ghiggia, Uruguayan footballer and manager (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Jack Goody, English anthropologist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
• 2015 – Alan Kupperberg, American author and illustrator (b. 1953)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Gondulphus of Tongeren
  • Helier
  • Our Lady of Mount Carmel
    • Fiesta de La Tirana (Tarapacá Region, Chile)
  • Reineldis
  • July 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Engineer's Day (Honduras)
• Holocaust Memorial Day (France)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada