Dynamics (music)

In music, dynamics are instructions in musical notation to the performer about hearing the loudness of a note or phrase. More generally, dynamics may also include other aspects of the execution of a given piece.

Relative loudness

The two basic dynamic indications in music are:

More subtle degrees of loudness or softness are indicated by:

Beyond f and p, there are also

And so on.

Some pieces contain dynamic designations with more than three f's or p's. In Holst's The Planets, ffff occurs twice in Mars and once in Uranus often punctuated by organ and fff occurs several times throughout the work. It also appears in Heitor Villa-Lobos' Bachianas Brasileiras No. 4 (Prelude), and in Liszt's Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale "Ad nos, ad salutarem undam". The Norman Dello Joio Suite for Piano ends with a crescendo to a ffff, and Tchaikovsky indicated a bassoon solo pppppp in his Pathétique Symphony and ffff in passages of his 1812 Overture and the 2nd movement of his Fifth Symphony.

Crescendo (album)

Crescendo is the third album by the Brazilian rock band Ultraje a Rigor, released in 1990.

Track listing

Sud

Sud is south in various languages. Sud may refer to:

Geography

Other uses

SUD

See also

Sud (development region)

Sud (South) or Sud Muntenia is a development region in Romania. As other development regions, it does not have any administrative powers, its main function being to co-ordinate regional development projects and manage funds from the European Union. The Sud Regional Development Agency is located in Călărași.

References

Coordinates: 44°12′N 27°20′E / 44.200°N 27.333°E / 44.200; 27.333

Sudas

Sudās (Sanskrit: सुदास्) was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bhāratas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE).

He led his tribe to victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings near the Paruṣṇī (modern Ravi River) in Punjab, defeating an alliance of the powerful Puru tribe with other tribes, for which he was eulogised by his purohita Vasistha in a hymn of the Rigveda. His victory established the ascendency of the Bhārata clan, allowing them to move eastwards and settle in Kurukshetra, paving the way for the emergence of the Kuru "super-tribe" or tribal union, which dominated northern India in the subsequent period.

He was a son or descendant of Divodasa. Divodasa was a descendant of Srnjaya, who in turn was a descendant of Devavata.

His name means "giving well", an s-stem, either from a root dās, or with the extra s added to avoid an archaic root noun in ā, Sudā-, which would easily be mistaken for a feminine name. Sudas can differently mean "one who gives beautiful gifts/ bountiful/ giver of great gifts".

Centre-Val de Loire

Centre-Val de Loire (French pronunciation: ​[sɑ̃tʁ val də lwaʁ]), French for Centre-Loire valley, is one of the 18 regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley and in the interior of the country. The administrative capital is Orléans, but the largest city is Tours.

Naming and etymology

Like many contemporary regions of France, the Region of Centre was created from parts of several historical provinces. The name "Centre" was chosen by the French government purely on the basis of geography, in reference to its location in north-central France (the central part of the original French language area),

However, Centre is not situated in the geographical centre of France, and the name was criticized as being too dull and nondescript. Proposed names for the region included Val de Loire after the Loire Valley (the main feature of the region) or "Cœur de Loire" (i.e. "Heart of Loire"). On 17 January 2015, in the wake of the proposed reorganization of French regions, the region's official name was changed to "Centre-Val de Loire".Val de Loire is associated with positive images of the Loire Valley, such as the châteaux, the gentle and refined lifestyle, wine, and the mild and temperate climate, all of which attract many tourists to the region. A new logo was also created.

Center

Center or centre may refer to:

Mathematics and science

Sports