Khmer Life in Khat Kp Chhnang, Kp Trolarch Vol 153,
Cambodia and once known as the
Khmer Empire, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in
Southeast Asia. Its total landmass is
181,035 square kilometers (69,898 sq mi), bordered by
Thailand to the northwest,
Laos to the northeast,
Vietnam to the east, and the
Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.With a population of over 15 million, Cambodia is the 70th most populous country in the world. The official religion is
Theravada Buddhism, practiced by approximately 95 percent of the population.
The country's minority groups include
Vietnamese, Chinese,
Chams, and 30 hill tribes.The capital and largest city is
Phnom Penh, the political, economic, and cultural centre of Cambodia.
The kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with
Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the
Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is
Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving non-royal leader in
South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years.In 802 AD,
Jayavarman II declared himself king, uniting the warring Khmer princes of
Chenla under the name "Kambuja".This marked the beginning of the Khmer Empire which flourished for over 600 years, allowing successive kings to control and exert influence over much of Southeast Asia and accumulate immense power and wealth. The
Indianized kingdom built monumental temples including
Angkor Wat, now a
World Heritage Site, and facilitated the spread of first Hinduism, then Buddhism to much of Southeast Asia. After the fall of
Angkor to
Ayutthaya in the
15th century, a reduced and weakened Cambodia was then ruled as a vassal state by its neighbours. In 1863 Cambodia became a protectorate of
France which doubled the size of the country by reclaiming the north and west from Thailand.Cambodia gained independence in
1953.
The Vietnam War extended into the country with the
US bombing of Cambodia from
1969 until
1973.
Following the
Cambodian coup of 1970, the deposed king gave his support to his former enemies, the
Khmer Rouge.
The Khmer Rouge emerged as a major power, taking Phnom Penh in
1975 and later carrying out the
Cambodian Genocide from 1975 until
1979, when they were ousted by Vietnam and the
Vietnamese backed
People's Republic of Kampuchea in the
Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1979–91). Following the
1991 Paris Peace Accords Cambodia was governed briefly by a
United Nations mission (
1992–93).
The UN withdrew after holding elections in which around 90 percent of the registered voters cast ballots. The
1997 coup placed power solely in the hands of
Prime Minister Hun Sen and the
Cambodian People's Party, who remain in power as of 2016.The country faces numerous challenges and sociopolitical issues, including widespread poverty, pervasive corruption,lack of political freedoms,low human development,and a high rate of hunger. Cambodia has been described by
Human Rights Watch's
Southeast Asian Director,
David Roberts, as a "vaguely communist free-market state with a relatively authoritarian coalition ruling over a superficial democracy."While per capita income remains low compared to most neighbouring countries, Cambodia has one of the fastest growing economies in
Asia with growth averaging 6 percent over the last decade. Agriculture remains the dominant economic sector, with strong growth in textiles, construction, garments, and tourism leading to increased foreign investment and international trade.Cambodia scored dismally in an annual index (
2015) ranking the rule of law in 102 countries, placing
99th overall and the worst in the region.
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- published: 24 Apr 2015
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